No abstract available.
Cholesterol Esters* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

This study was carried out to determine the effect of long term administration of vitamin A on the changes of lipids in liver tissue and serum in rat. The animals were fed with control diet(200 ug/day) and high vitimin A diet(2, 000 ug/day) for 24 weeks. Vitamin A contents of liver in high vitamin A fed rats were increased linearly accordance with duration of the vitamin A administration, but levels of serum vitamin A showed unremarkable changes during the experimental period. Contents of cholesterol and triglycerides of vitarnin A fed rats were significantly higher than those of controls. Levels of HDL-triglycerides in v:itamin A fed rats were significantly higher than those of control rats during experimental period, while levels of HDL-cholesterol and HDL-phospholipids showed unremarkable changes during experimental period. Levels of individual cholesteryl esters showed undremarkable changes during experimental period in both animal groups.
Animals ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol Esters ; Liver* ; Rats* ; Triglycerides ; Vitamin A* ; Vitamins*

The Key Recommendation from 2010 Dietary Guidelines to limit consumption of dietary cholesterol to 300 mg per day, is not included in the 2015 edition. Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015~2020 released in January 2016, omitted the limit for cholesterol intake in general population; but this change does not suggest that dietary cholesterol is no longer important to consider when building healthy eating patterns. The main shift of concept in recent dietary guidelines is that limitation of intake of single macronutrient should not help to promote health; controlling and recommendation for a healthy eating pattern is important for health and for the prevention of any diseases. In Korean dietary survey, eggs are the main resources for dietary cholesterol in Koreans. However, there are recent studies regarding no association between the egg consumption and serum cholesterol level and cardiovascular disease risk. In this review, I will focus on the 2015 recommendation on dietary cholesterol and fat intake. Furthermore, I will review the literature on the evidences for the egg consumption and cardiovascular disease risk.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol* ; Cholesterol, Dietary* ; Eating ; Eggs* ; Nutrition Policy ; Ovum*

No abstract available.
Dihydroxycholecalciferols ; Pemphigus, Benign Familial

BACKGROUND: It has recently been demonstrated that human hair also contains lipids. On the hair surface, the lipid layer is attached to the outer surface of hair covalently bonded to hair proteins. However, there have been no reports on lipid distribution in human hair follicles yet. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the lipids of the hair follicle and its distribution and also to examine the lipid composition of the hair follicle. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Follicles were obtained from the occipital region of the scalp which were not under the influence of anagen hormone. The specimens were stained using typical methods of oil red O, Holzinger's copper-rubeanic acid modification, perchloric acid-naphthoquinone reaction. RESULTS: Oil red O staining that could be used to stain all lipids was well detected in the area, Henle's layer of inner root sheath (IRS), IRS cuticle, and hair cuticle, which were keratinzed earlier in the hair follicle. The hair cuticle and the IRS were stained dark green on Holzinger's copper-rubeanic acid modification that could be used to stain free fatty acids. The IRS was stained gray-blue on perchloric acid-naphthoquinone reaction method that could be used to stain cholesterol and its esters. CONCLUSION: The present results demonstrate that the lipids of the hair follicle are located on the hair cuticle and the keratinized area of the IRS. They can act as a barrier of the hair follicle.
Cholesterol ; Esters ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; Hair Follicle* ; Hair* ; Humans* ; Scalp

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of dietary calcium on plasma lipoprotein profile in castrated and ovariectomized hamsters.

METHODSMale, castrated, female and ovariectomized hamsters (n=36 each group) were randomly divided into three sub-groups (n=12) and fed one of the three diets containing 0, 2, and 8 g calcium per kg diet for a period of six weeks. Changes in plasma lipoprotein profile were monitored at the end of week 0, 3 and 6.

RESULTSPlasma total cholesterol (TC), non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), triacylglycerols (TG) and TC/HDL-C were decreased only in intact female and ovariectomized hamsters. In contrast, three levels of dietary calcium had no effect on lipoprotein profiles in both intact male and castrated hamsters.

CONCLUSIONBeneficial modification of lipoprotein profile by dietary calcium was gender-dependent at least in hamsters.

Animals ; Calcium, Dietary ; therapeutic use ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, Dietary ; adverse effects ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cricetinae ; Female ; Male ; Triglycerides ; blood

BACKGROUND: The changes in lipid composition during epidermal differentiation has been reported in human and animal models. Because of the difficulties in getting adeguate specimens from human subjects, the authors used easily obtainable circumcised prepuce for lipid analysis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in lipid composition duriig cornification of the epidermis, the lipid compositions of whole epidermis and stratum corneum were analyzed by thin layer chromatography(TLC). METHODS: From circumcied prepuce whole epidermis and stratum orneum were separated by 10mM EDTA(ethylene diamine tatraacetate) in PBS(phosphate-buffered saline) or heat(60C), and 0.5% trypsin in PBS respectively. Lipids were extracted with methanolctloroform-HO mixture(4:2:1.6, v/ v, Bligh-Dyer solvent), TLC was performed and lipid composition was quantitated by photodensitometer. RESULTS: In the composition of stratum corneum lipids, sphingoliids were the highest(33.3+2.9%) followed by cholesterol, free fatty acids and cholesterol esters in cleceasing order, there were small percentages of triglycerides, cholesterol sulfate and squalene. CONCLUSION: In this study the lipid composition of epidermis was similar to that of stratum corneum rather than those of previous reports on epidermal lipids, which may indicate the regional characteristics of epidermal/stratum orneum lipids in hyperkeratotic prepuie.
Cholesterol ; Cholesterol Esters ; Epidermis* ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Squalene ; Triglycerides ; Trypsin

OBJECTIVEStudies on the substance with nourishment Yin for a reasonable and rational auality appraise for turtleback.

METHODTo separate by chromatography and identifying with MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR.

RESULTTwo compounds were separated and identified as hexadecanoyl cholesterol ester and cholesterol.

CONCLUSIONThe two compounds are isolated from turtleback for the first time.

Animals ; Cholesterol ; isolation & purification ; Cholesterol Esters ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; Turtles

This study was performed to evaluate served menu in Korean temples. Among available temples in the nation, 34 tem-ples were carefully selected considering location and the gender characteristics. A five consecutive day menu was collected to analyse by interview between Jan 2004 and Aug 2004. Mean energy content of menu was 1633.8 kcal, with 67.3% of energy supplied by carbohydrate, 14.8% by protein and 17.9% by fat. Beans and bean products were the major contribu-ting dishes for most nutrients. Contents of most nutrients except energy, protein and vitamin B were higher than RDA. Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR )were 0.9-1.0 and mean adequacy ratio (MAR )was 0.9 for temples. Total number of dishes from menu was 7.3. Dietary variety score (DVS )was 26.4 and buddhist monk temples offered more diverse foods than buddhist nun temples. KDQI (Korean diet Quality Index ), overall diet quality index were 0.67 and those of bud-dhist nun temples were better than those of buddhist monk temples. From the result of this study it was concluded that the temple diet is nutritionally well balanced, rich in dietary fiber and low in cholesterol. So it can be a healthy diet for the mo-dern person. This is the very first study attempting the nationwide investigation of temple diet in Korea. It will be used as fundamental data to improve quality of diet to prevent modern chronic disease.
Cholesterol ; Chronic Disease ; Diet ; Dietary Fiber ; Fabaceae ; Humans ; Korea ; Vitamins

This study was carried out to compare the characteristics of the over weight elementary school students with those of desirable-weight children. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, BMI, body fat percentile, triceps skin fold thickness were measured. Dietary assessment and blood analysis were performed. The average ages of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 10.9+/-2.5 and 10.2+/-2.8 years, respectively. The means body fat percentile of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 27.5+/-3.7% and 20.2+/-3.8%. respectively. Plasma levels of TG, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 179.3+/-30.0, 104.9+/-26.6, 52.3+/-6.7 and 178.3+/-84.1 mg/dl, and those of desirable-weight children were 86.1+/-43.5, 183.7+/-16.5, 101.0+/-2.1 and 67.7+/-20.0 mg/dl, respectively. Plasma TG levels of over weight children were significantly higher than those of desirable weight children. On the other hand, plasma HDL-cholesterol levels of over weight children were significantly lower than those of desirable-weight children. Plasma levels of GOT and GPT were in normal range in both group however, GPT level of over weight children was higher than that of desirable weight children. Plasma levels of albumin, globulin, and BUN were all in normal range and no differences were found in both groups. Hematologic data did not show any difference between two groups except WBC, RBC and Hgb levels which were significantly higher in over weight group than those of desirable-weight children. Daily nutrients intake of over weight children and desirable-weight children were very similar and they were around the Korean RDA levels for each nutrients. However the intake of calcium of both groups were little over 50% of RDA. The consumption of dietary fiber was very low and the cholesterol intake was very high showing that the habitual meals of Korean school children were not well balanced.
Adipose Tissue* ; Calcium ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Dietary Fiber ; Hand ; Humans ; Meals ; Plasma ; Reference Values ; Skin