Omphalith is a compaction of keratinous and sebaceous material in the deeply set umbilicus. It may be clinically mistaken for a malignant melanoma because of its pigmented surface and sudden appearance. However, careful probing and removal of this umbilical mass, followed by histopathological examination readily identifies its true nature. We describe a patient who presented with a firm, black umbilical mass diagnosed as an omphalith and reviewed the differential diagnosis of a firm, black umbilical mass.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Melanoma ; Umbilicus

The diagnosis of nodular melanomas can be sometimes difficult, in case they lack the conventional clinical features of melanoma. Herein, we report a case of malignant melanoma mimicking seborrheic keratosis. The clinical diagnosis was seborrheic keratosis. The histopathologic examination revealed nodular melanoma with features of reticulated form of epidermal hyperplasia, pseudohorn cysts, and irregular hyperkeratosis and acanthosis. The tumor was excised with 2.5 cm margins and no remnant of tumor cells was found in the microscopic examination.
Diagnosis ; Hyperplasia ; Keratosis, Seborrheic* ; Melanoma*

Pigmented mammary Paget disease is a very rare clinicopathologic variant of mammary Paget disease. Diagnosis is often difficult because its clinical and histological features are very similar to those of malignant melanoma. Herein, we report a case of pigmented mammary Paget disease misdiagnosed as malignant melanoma.
Diagnosis ; Melanoma* ; Paget's Disease, Mammary*

We report a rare case of vaginal amelanotic melanoma. Malignant melanomas are cutaneous and extracutaneous tumors that arise from embryological remnants of neural crest cells/melanocytes. Amelanotic melanomas at such rare locations can be misdiagnosed both clinically and radiologically. Therefore, histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry are mandatory for the diagnosis of these tumors. We diagnosed this case using histopathology and confirmed the diagnosis based on the presence of immunohistochemical markers human melanoma black 45 (HMB45) and S-100.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry* ; Melanoma ; Melanoma, Amelanotic* ; Neural Crest ; Vagina

Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus is extremely rare, but must be included in the differential diagnosis of polypoid esophageal mass, when such a lesion is observed on radiological examination. We report here a case of primary malignant melanoma in the esophagus that was noted to have strong enhancement on CT and high signal intensity on the T1 weighted MR image.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Esophagus* ; Melanoma* ; Tomography, Spiral Computed*

Nail unit melanoma is a type of acral lentiginous melanoma and requires histopathologic examination for a confirmed diagnosis. However, inadequate biopsy techniques make definitive diagnosis difficult. A 61-year-old man presented with progressive nail pigmentation for 15 years, which was clinically highly suspicious for malignancy. Acral lentiginous melanoma was not detected in punch and longitudinal biopsy specimens, but en bloc excision tissue revealed melanoma. Acral lentiginous melanoma is known to have a heterogeneous pathologic manifestation depending on the pigmented region and the time it takes to progress. In this regard, en bloc excision can be considered as a first-line biopsy technique to diagnose acral lentiginous melanoma, indolent subtype.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Melanoma* ; Middle Aged ; Pigmentation

101-103 The authors have recently experienced a case of subretinal cysticercosis which simulated choroidal melanoma. Although it is benign variety, the eye was enucleated since the lesion was in the macular area and the patient was thought not to be able to gain an useful central vision after treatment. In the review of the literatures, the subretinal cysticercosis seems to occur much more frequently than the other ocular cysticercosis and it is very hard to get an exact diagnosis. The surgical removal may be difficult in procedure and the prognoses are poor in the cases of macular invorvement.
Choroid ; Cysticercosis ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Melanoma ; Prognosis

A metastatic melanoma is a ubiquitous tumor that spares no organ from metastases. Gastrointestinal involvement is a common occurrence in patients with a metastatic melanoma, and post mortem records have shown gallbladder involvement in about 15% of all gastrointestinal metastatic localizations. However, metastasis to the gallbladder as an isolated site is rare. Herein, an unusual case of a young man in whom a single metastatic gallbladder melanoma was the first and only metastatic site of the disease is reported. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, histopathology, prognosis and treatment of metastatic melanomas of the gallbladder are also reviewed.
Diagnosis ; Gallbladder* ; Humans ; Melanoma* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis

Humans ; Melanoma ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Precision Medicine

Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus is extremely rare, with less than 200 cases reported in the literature. However, primary malignant melanoma is an aggressive tumor. We report a case of primary esophageal malignant melanoma that presented with a large polypoid mass in the lower esophagus, and subsequently showed multiple metastatic nodules in the subcutaneous layer, skin and retroperitoneum. Primary malignant melanoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a polypoid esophageal mass, especially in cases where metastases to unexpected areas occur or in cases of unexpected metastatic patterns.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Esophagus* ; Melanoma* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Skin