Dry eye(DE)is a multi-factorial ocular surface disease. The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of DE is still unclear. Inflammation and immune response are considered to be one of the core mechanisms among the pathogenesis of DE. Neuropeptides are small molecular peptides generated after the sensory nerve endings damaged or stimulated. They play an important role in triggering and regulating inflammatory response. Thus, they are important mediums between the nervous system and immune system. Recent studies have revealed that neuropeptides secreted by ocular surface nerves are considered to be an important factor involved in the pathogenesis of DE. Therefore, this paper summarized the research progress on the roles of neuropeptides underlying the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of DE, analyzed the latest points of view and research hot spots, so as to provide references for the prevention and treatment of DE.

Humans ; Aneurysm, False/etiology* ; Heart Aneurysm/complications* ; Heart Ventricles/surgery*

Humans ; Aneurysm, False/etiology* ; Heart Aneurysm/complications* ; Heart Ventricles/surgery*

【Objective】 To investigate the tracer effect of carbon nanoparticle suspension in central neck lymph node dissection of differentiated thyroid cancer with other thyroid diseases. 【Methods】 A total of 500 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer hospitalized in Meizhou People's Hospital from July 2015 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into carbon nanoparticles group(group A, 314 cases) and non-carbon nanoparticles group(group B, 186 cases). Group A and B were further divided into 4 subgroups according to the classifications of no other disease (subgroup 0), with nodular goiter(subgroup 1), with Hashimoto's thyroiditis(subgroup 2) and large tumor(the diameter > 30 mm, subgroup 3), and the number of lymph nodes dissected in each group and the incidence of complications were analyzed. 【Results】 The number of lymph nodes harvested and metastasis rate in group A was higher than that in group B [6.0(3.0 ~ 9.0) vs. 3.0(1.0 ~ 5.3), P < 0.001; 24.4% vs. 20.7%, P = 0.041) ] . The number of lymph nodes harvested in group A0, A1 and A2 was higher than that in group B0 [8.0(6.0 ~ 11.0) vs. 3.0(2.0 ~ 6.0), P < 0.001) ] , B1 [4.0(3.0 ~ 6.8) vs. 3.0(0.0 ~ 5.0), P < 0.001) ] and B2 [8.0(5.0 ~ 12.0) vs. 4.0(0.0 ~ 6.5), P = 0.002] . The number of lymph nodes harvested in group A1 and A3 was significantly lower than that in group A0 [4.0(3.0 ~ 6.8) vs. 8.0(6.0 ~ 11.0), P < 0.001; 3.0(2.0 ~ 6.0) vs. 8.0(6.0 ~ 11.0), P < 0.001) ] . The incidence of hoarseness in group A1, A2 and A3 was comparable with that in group A0(P > 0.05), and the incidence of postoperative parathyroid dysfunction in group A2 and A3 was significantly higher than that in group A0(51.8% vs. 34.1%, P < 0.05; 54.2% vs. 34.1%, P < 0.05) . 【Conclusions】 The application of carbon nanoparticles in the operation of differentiated thyroid cancer increases the number of lymph nodes harvested, and the best effect is without complicated diseases. The tracking effect of carbon nanoparticles is affected by the combination of nodular goiter. When the maximum diameter of the tumor is greater than 30 mm, it has no obvious effect on the dissection of lymph nodes.

Transient potential receptor vanilloid 4(TRPV4)is a cluster of non-selective cation channels presented on cell membranes. They are important mediators of sensory signals that regulate cell function and signaling pathways. TRPV4 is widely expressed in various ocular tissues and can participate in a variety of physiological functions, including osmotic pressure regulation, Ca2+ homeostasis, apoptosis and autophagy. It plays an important role in normal physiological functions and different pathology. Recent studies have revealed that TRPV4 is closely correlated to corneal epithelial injury, glaucoma, age-related cataract, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, retinal detachment and other diseases. Besides, studies also showed that TRPV4 regulates the occurrence and development of its related ophthalmic diseases. This paper briefly reviewed the research progress on TRPV4 pathway in ophthalmic diseases, so as to provide ideas for the clinical treatment of ophthalmopathy.

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical results of treatment of Pipkin type I and II femoral head fractures through modified Smith-Peterson(S-P) approach and modified Hardinge approach.

METHODSFrom July 2005 to July 2014, 42 patients with Pipkin type I and II femoral head fractures were treated with operation. A total of 23 patients in anterior group was treated with modified S-P approach including 17 males and 6 females with an average age of (29.3±9.4) years old, 5 cases of type I by excision of the fragement, 3 cases of type I and 15 cases of type II cases by fixation of the fragement. While a total of 19 patients in the lateral group was treated with modified Hardinge approach including 15 males and 4 females with an average age of (31.4±10.0) years old, 3 cases of type I by excision of the fragement, 4 cases of type I and 12 cases of type II by fixation of the fragement. Operative time, blood loss during operation and fracture healing time were observed and compared. The clinical and radiographic outcomes of the patients were measured using Thompson-Epstein scoring scale. The effect of hip reduction time of less than 6 h, 6 to12 h, and more than 12 h, the effect of surgery time within 24 h and more than 24 h after injury were compared.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 24 to 60 months with an average of(30.29±6.95) months. The operation time (61.96±12.22) min, blood loss (46.09±18.03) ml, and (74.74±10.06) min, blood loss (72.11±19.88) ml in lateral group in the anterior group were better than those of lateral group(<0.05). In anterior group, fracture healing time was(12.22±1.70) weeks, the results were excellent in 8 cases, good in 10 cases, fair in 4 cases and poor in 1 case, the excellent and good rate was 78.3%, the incidence of avascular necrosis of femoral head was 8.69%(2/23), and the incidence of heterotopic ossification was 13.04%(3/23). While in lateral group, the fracture healing time was(12.42±1.95) weeks, the results were excellent in 6 cases, good in 7 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 3 cases, the excellent and good rate was 68.4%, the incidence of avascular necrosis of femoral head was 10.53%(2/19), and the incidence of heterotopic ossification was 5.26%(1/19). There was no significant difference in fracture healing time, postoperative effect and postoperative complications between the anterior group and lateral group(<0.05). The effect of patients with reduction time of hip dislocation less than 12 h was significantly better than that of more than 12 h, there was no significant difference in the effect between reduction time within 6 h and 6 to 12 h. There was no significant difference in the outcome between surgical patients within 24 h and more than 24 h after injury.

CONCLUSIONSDislocated hip of Pipkin type I and II femoral head fractures should be closed reduction within 6 h. If conditions are limited, the reduction time can be accepted within 12 h. Both of modified S-P approach and modified Hardinge approach are effective in treating Pipkin type I and II femoral head fractures, and can obtain excellent outcomes. Moreover, modified S-P approach has advantage of less trauma, less blood loss, shorter operative time.

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of BIRC6 in renal cancer tissues and investigate the effect of BIRC6 silencing on apoptosis and autophagy of 786-O cells. METHODS: Twenty surgical specimens of renal cancer tissues and adjacent renal tissues were collected from Meizhou People's Hospital between February, 2016 and December, 2018 for detection of BIRC6 protein expression using immunohistochemistry. Renal cancer 786-O cells were transfected with a control small interfering RNA (siRNA) or BIRC6 siRNA RESULTS: The expression of BIRC6 protein was significantly higher in renal cancer tissues than in the adjacent renal tissues. Western blotting showed that siRNA-mediated silencing of BIRC6 significantly lowered the expression of BIRC6 in 786-O cells. In the cells with BIRC6 silencing, treatment with 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL 5-FU resulted in significantly higher proliferation inhibition rates than in the cells transfected with the control siRNA ( CONCLUSIONS Interference of BIRC6 mediated by siRNA can inhibit autophagy and promote 5-FU-induced apoptosis to enhance the sensitivity of 786-O cells to 5-FU.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/genetics* ; Kidney Neoplasms/genetics* ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics*

Objective : To investigate the influence and molecular mechanism of hypoxia-inducing factor-1 α( HIF- 1 α) gene silencing combined with methyl selenenic acid (MSA) on cervical cancer cell proliferation，apoptosis and cell migration． Methods : HeLa cells were transfected with HIF-1 interference RNA and negative control RNA．Af- ter transfection for 48 h，cells were stimulated with MSA for 24 h，and cell proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay and colony formation．Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry combined with Annexin V-FITC / PI．The expression levels of HIF-1α , Bcl-2 ，and E-cadherin were detected by Western blot assay． Cell migration ability was determined by Transwell assay. RNA-seq analysis was used to investigate the differentially expressed genes and differential signaling pathways. Results : Compared with the control group，interfering with HIF-1α combined with MSA significantly inhibited cell proliferation (P ＜0．01) ．Flow cytometry results showed that the combined drug group significantly induced apoptosis．Transwell results showed that interfering with HIF-1α combined with MSA inhibited HeLa cell migration．Compared with the control group，interfering with HIF-1α combined with MSA down- regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin. RNA-sequencing combined with signal pathway enrichment results showed that the expression of apoptotic signal pathway and downstream genes was inhibited． Conclusion HIF-1α gene silencing combined with MSA can synergically inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of cervical cancer cells，and its regulatory mechanism may be related to the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins and the inhibition of p53 signaling pathway.

Objective Helicobacter pylori ( Hp ) infection is an important risk factor of the gastrointestinal disease, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. However, many recent experimental and clinical studies have shown that its addition to causing gastrointestinal diseases, but also associated with many diseases, and closely related with the occurrence of liver diseases. Summarized recent advances in the study of the relevant studies,including the relationship between hepatitis and cirrhosis,and the occurrence and development of liver cancer.