Objective:To study the maximum volume of oral cavity (MVOC) of the young adults with normal occlusion and to explore the correlation of MOVC with the height,weight,mouth opening degree and masticatory efficiency.Methods:100 volunteers with normal occlusion(50 for each sex) were enrolled.MVOC was measured by the maximum water capacity method,the height,weight,degree of mouth opening and masticatory efficiency value of the subjects were measured.Results:The average values of MVOC of the male and female were (117.63±15.31) ml and (92.08±14.06) ml respectively(P<0.01).MVOC was positively correlation with the height(r=0.67,P<0.01),weight(r=0.63,P<0.01),degree of mouth opening(r=0.47,P<0.01) and masticatory efficiency(r=0.45,P<0.01).Conclusion:MVOC is moderate-positively correlated and low-positively correlated with mouth opening degree and masticatory efficiency.

Nutcracker syndrome complicated with chronic kidney disease is easy to be missed clinically.We report a case of nutcracker syndrome (NCS) complicated with IgA nephropathy, and summarize the clinical features of nutcracker syndrome complicated with chronic kidney disease.Through literature search, we found that Nutcracker with chronic kidney disease is not rare.We think that we should pay attention to the possibility of chronic kidney disease when Nutcracker (+ ) is combined with persistent or massive proteinuria, and percutaneous renal biopsy is helpful for the diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To analyze the effect of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in the treatment of autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) stenosis and influcing factors of restenosis/loss of function after PTA.Methods:The medical records of 104 patients with AVF stenosis treated by PTA in People′s Hospital of Huadu District from March 2019 to July 2020 and the 1-year follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-meier curves were used to analyze the primary patency rates at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. COX regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of restenosis/loss of function after PTA.Results:The primary patency rates of AVF at 3, 6 and 12 months after PTA were 86.2%, 83.2% and 64.7%, respectively. Guide wire entry into the distal end of radial artery, the use of two balloons in stepwise mode, postoperative dilatation diameter, and dialysis blood flow after PTA were independent risk factors for restenosis/loss of fuction after PTA for AVF stenosis (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The guide wire into the distal end of the artery and passive use of more than two balloons are important factors affecting AVF restenosis/loss of function after PTA .

Objective : To investigate the effects of glycated low density lipoprotein (Gly⁃LDL) on the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the expression of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and hypoxia inducible factor⁃1α (HIF⁃1α), and to explore its possible mechanism . Methods : HUVECs were cultured in vitro and divided into control group, positive control group[50 mg/L normal low density lipoprotein(n⁃LDL)], low concentration, medium concentration and high concentration Gly⁃LDL(50, 75, 100 mg/L) groups . Respectively, the effects of different concentrations of Gly⁃LDL on survival rate of HUVECs were detected by CCK⁃8; The motility of HUVECs under different treatments were detected by wound healing assays; The level of inflammatory cytokine, such as tumor inducing factor⁃α(TNF⁃α), interleukin⁃6(IL⁃6), intercellular adhesion molecule⁃1(ICAM⁃1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule⁃1(VCAM⁃1) were detected by ELISA; The mRNA levels of TLR4, HIF⁃1α, TNF⁃α and IL⁃6 were detected by qRT⁃PCR; Protein expressions of TLR4, HIF⁃1α, TNF⁃α and IL⁃6 were detected by Western blot; Respectively, si⁃RNA of TLR4 and HIF⁃1α was used to intervene the effects of Gly⁃LDL on HUVECs . The experiment was divided into control group, model group (Gly⁃LDL 100 mg/L), si⁃TLR4 group (Gly⁃LDL 100 mg/L + si⁃TLR4), TLR4 unloading group( Gly⁃LDL 100 mg/L + si⁃NC1), si⁃HIF⁃1α group ( Gly⁃LDL 100 mg/L + si⁃HIF⁃1α) and HIF⁃1α unloading group ( Gly⁃LDL 100 mg/L + si⁃NC2) . Protein expressions of TLR4 and HIF⁃1α were detected by Western blot to verify the interaction between TLR4 and HIF⁃1α . Results: The survival rate and migration rate of HUVECs were inhibited in Gly⁃LDL(50 mg/L, 75 mg/L, 100 mg/L) group (P < 0. 01), the inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF⁃α, IL⁃6, ICAM⁃1,VCAM⁃1 increased by Gly⁃LDL function on HUVECs(P < 0. 001), and the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4, HIF⁃1α, TNF⁃α and IL⁃6 increased by Gly⁃LDL in a dose dependent manner. After TLR4 was knocked out, the proteins expression of TLR4 and HIF⁃1α were down⁃regulated compared with model group(P < 0. 05),but after HIF⁃1α was knockout, only the protein expression of HIF⁃1α was down⁃regulated compared with model group( P < 0. 01),while the protein expression of TLR4 was up⁃regulated under the influence of Gly⁃LDL. Conclusion Gly⁃LDL may inhibit the proliferation and migration of HUVECs by up⁃regulating TLR4/HIF⁃1α inflammatory signaling pathway, and promote the expression of inflamma⁃tory cytokines, leading to vascular endothelial injury .