OBJECTIVE To explore the cognition of hand hygiene knowledge and related factors of hand hygiene compliance among undergraduate nursing students.METHODS Totally,67 undergraduate nursing students completed a questionnaire regarding the hand hygiene knowledge and related factors of hand hygiene compliance.RESULTS The undergraduate nursing students achieved(19.01?2.16) points in hand hygiene knowledge.As for the factors affecting their compliance with hand hygiene,98.51% agreed that detergents or disinfectants could stimulate the skin and cause dryness;62.69% believed they failed to keep their hands clean due to busy work;62.69% noted that the hospital didn′t keep the medical professions under strict surveillance,and so on.CONCLUSIONS The undergraduate nursing students have a good cognition about hand hygiene,but there are many factors affecting their compliance.Measures should be taken to keep the availability of necessary articles needed for hand hygiene,and the surveillance of hand hygiene should be strengthen.

Objective To know the progress of research in oral care of orotracheal intubated patients in China and to analyze the existing problems as well as provide the reference for further study.Methods Databases of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP and CBM were searched for literature on oral care for the orotracheal intubated patients by the end of December 2013,and the methods of bibliometrics were used to analyze the research results.Results Three hundred and nine articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from 1997 to 2013 were collected.These papers were mainly included in 22 kinds of nursing journals.The methods of oral care for orotracheal intubated patients could be classified into five types:rinse and swabbing (95 papers),traditional cotton(cotton swab) cleaning or gauze swabbing (58 papers),toothbrushing (54 papers),oral rinse (51 papers),laryngoscope assistance (7 papers).With 54 articles using traditional cotton balls as oral care tool,55 papers using toothbrush,including children toothbrush of soft bristle (29 papers),ordinary toothbrush (14 papers) and electric toothbrush (12 papers).Oral care solution mainly included normal saline(49 papers),traditional Chinese medicine (36 papers),chlorhexidine(36 papers),antibiotics (12 papers),povidone iodine (17 papers),sodium bicarbonate (9 papers),etc.Conclusions The oral care of orotracheal intubated patients has attracted the attention of researchers,but the use of oral care methods,the frequency in oral care and oral care tools still owe specification.More attention should be paid to strengthen the training of nursing staff,to improve the scientific research ability of scientific research workers and to carry out large sample and high quality trials.An oral care guideline that fits into our national conditions should be built in an effort to improve the level of oral care in critical patients in our country.

Objective To study the clinicopathological and immunophenotypical features of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Methods A SP Immunohistochemical method was selected to detect the 71 cases of GIST for a panel of antibodies CD117, CD34, Vim, Act, S-100. Results The patient's ages ranged from 21 years to 86 years (mean 55 years) including 34 male and 37 female. Most cases were diagnosed by bellyache and alimentary tract bleeding. Tumor size varied from 0.3 cm to 23 cm (mean 5.8 cm). GIST were composed of spindle cells and (or) epithelioid cells. Various sized eosinophilic globules were observed between the tumor cells and were designated as skeinoid fibers. The positive rate by immunohistochemical methods for CD117 and CD34 were 94.4 % and 73.2 % respectively. Conclusion GIST predominantly occurred in middle aged or older patients over 40 years. The histological characters are similar to smooth muscle tumor and schwannoma. CD117 and CD34 are more specific and sensitive markers. GIST may have been derived from interstitial cell of cajal or show differentiation toward interstitial cell of Cajal.

BACKGROUNDTo study the efficacy and long-term survival of high-dose chemotherapy supported by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT) in the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC)..

METHODSSeven patients with pathologically confirmed SCLC were enrolled into the study, including 6 patients who had achieved CR or PR after conventional chemotherapy, and 1 patient who underwent surgical treatment and 6 cycles of conventional postoperative chemotherapy. All patients received a high-dose chemotherapy regimen of cyclophosphamide 6 g/m², etoposide 1.2 g/m², carboplatin 1.2 g/m² following APBSCT. Six of 7 patients received local radiotherapy after the procedure, however, another patient over 60 years did not receive local radiotherapy because of pneumonia complication. All patients were consecutively followed up and median follow-up duration was 27 (25-82) months.

RESULTSSurvival of the 7 patients was longer than 2 years. Three patients were still alive for more than 5 years after treatment, and the longest one up to 82 months. Three patients died and their survival time was 26, 27 and 27 months respectively.

CONCLUSIONSHigh-dose chemotherapy supported by APBSCT combined with local radiotherapy may be helpful to prolong survival and improve prognosis for SCLC, especially to those patients with limited disease, relatively younger age and better performance status, and responding to conventional chemotherapy.

AIM: To investigate the potencional mechanism of Sea Buckthorn Procyanidins(SBPC) against peptic ulcer. METHODS: 72 gastric ulcer patients(final diagnosis by gasroscope),were randomly divided into two groups,including Sea Buckthorn Procyanidins(SBPC) treatment group(36 cases),and Ranitidine control group(36 cases),among them,50 Hp-positive PU patients were confirmed by endoscopy,histological instection,urease test.Normal group was 12 cases.Detection on Biospy specimens of gastric mucosa was used to observe the change of ITF for Immunohischemical,PS_2 for western blotting and the contents of aninohexose and phosphatide in ulcerated gastric mucosa. RESULTS: The contents of aninohexose,phosphatide of PU patients increased in sea buckthorn procyanidins(SBPC) group.There was a linear correlation between the contents of phosphatide,aninohexose and the expression of ITF、PS_2 in PU patients(P

Objective:To study the effect of Xiaoyao Powder on Alzheimer's disease in hippocampal CA 3βregion of rats PP-2A,GSK-3βexpression.Methods:Rats were randomly divided into four groups , including model group, western medicine group,Chi-nese medicine group were treated with intraperitoneal injection of D-gal and A-β1-42 peptide bilateral hippocampal injection mold-ing, physiological group only with equal volume of sterile saline intraperitoneal and hippocampal injection molding .The model was completed, normal group, model group were perfused with saline , western medicine group and Chinese medicine group were treated with oxiracetam solution and Xiaoyao decoction , four groups of intragastric volume was 0.5 ml/100 g, 1 time a day, continuous 28 d. After intragastric administration of isolated rat brain immediately , packet marking in 4℃4%glutaraldehyde solution of glass container , stored at 4℃.Repair piece, cut from the hippocampus, embedded in paraffin, sliced.Dilution of PP-2A for 1∶200, GSK-3βdilution of 1∶150.Images were analyzed by using Image-pro Plus 5 image analysis system, data were conducted by SPSS11.5 statistical analysis software, the comparison between 4 groups by single factor analysis of variance , between the two two groups was compared by LSD-t test, the test level of α=0.05.Results:The expression of PP-2A positive cell number and the positive area , average optical density, integral optical density index , in Xiaoyao Powder orally intervention compared with the model group increased significantly (P<0.01);GSK-3βabove indices were significantly decreased than that in model group after Xiaoyao Powder after intragastric ad -ministration (P<0.01).Conclusion:Xiaoyao Powder can up regulate the expression of PP-2A and down regulate expression of GSK-3β, may be condensed A-β1-42 peptide induced hyperphosphorylation of Tau has certain inhibition .

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; epidemiology

Objective To explore the cleaning status and cleaning quality of dental handpieces in various types of medical institutions in Suzhou City.Methods On October 26-31, 2015, dental clinics in the whole city were sampled according to cross-sectional survey and proportional sampling method, the cleaning quality of dental handpieces in each clinic was detected by ATP bioluminescence assay.Results 72 medical institutions, 201 handpieces, 402 samples in 10 administrative regions of the city were sampled, 42 samples was unqualified, unqualified rate was 10.45％, unqualified rate of cleaning of dental handpiece surface was higher than waterline of dental handpiece(17.91％ vs 2.99％, P<0.05).Cleaning quality of dental handpieces in different grades of medical institutions was different(P<0.05), tertiary medical institutions were all ualified, medical institutions without grade was 14.45％.According to the classification based on name of different medical institutions, cleaning quality of handpieces was statistically significant(P<0.05), cleaning efficacy of dental handpieces in department of stomatology of public hospitals was best(unqualified rate was 4.31％), while private dental clinics had the worst cleaning efficacy(unqualified rate was 13.81％).Conclusion Education and training of dental handpieces cleaning in the whole city should be strengthened, especially the management of cleaning of dental handpieces in low grade and private dental clinics.

Objective To understand the cleaning quality of dental handpieces in Suzhou City, analyze the relevant factors that influencing cleaning effect.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed with the proportional system sampling method, questionnaires were adopted to investigate the cleaning location, cleaning method and process of dental handpieces, the ATP fluorescence detection method was conducted to detect cleaning quality.Results In 10 administrative regions of this city, a total of 72 medical institutions were selected, 25 were public medical oral diagnosis and treatment institutions, 47 were private clinics.Cleaning effect of automatic handpiece cleaning machine was better than traditional manual cleaning (unqualified rate :3.95% vs 11.96%, P<0.05), unqualified rate of handpieces cleaned by cleaning personnel without inadequate knowledge was higher than that by personnel with adequate knowledge(14.88% vs 3.57%, P<0.05).Qualified rate of cleaning: different cleaning locations ranged from 5.00% to 11.23%, cleaning equipment was inadequate and sufficient 11.89% and 7.29% respectively, cleaning personnel were not designated and designated 12.16% and 9.83% respectively, but the difference were not statistically significant (all P>0.05).The quality of cleaning of handpieces could be improved if waiting time of cleaning ≤30 minutes, enzymes were used during cleaning, and purified water was used at the end rinse(all P<0.05);whether there was drying process and used lubricant, difference were both not significant.Conclusion Using automatic handpiece cleaning machine, cleaning personnel with adequate knowledge, cleaning waiting time ≤30 minutes, enzyme use during the cleaning process, and purified water use at the end rinse can improve the quality of cleaning of dental handpieces.

cleaning and disinfection.Results All 28 surveyed medical institutions had separate endoscope disinfection rooms, 89.29% of which had integrated endoscopic cleaning station,17.86% had automatic endoscope washer/disinfector;100% used multi-enzymatic detergent,chose the right disinfectant,monitored disinfectant concentration every day, and implemented standard disinfection time.But only 39.29% changed multi-enzymatic detergent for each endo-scope,cleaning and disinfection personnel in 78.57% of medical institutions wore personal protective equipment correctly.77 digestive endoscopes were detected,the qualified rate was 88.31%.Conclusion Cleaning and disin-fection management of digestive endoscope in secondary and above medical institutions in Suzhou City is generally standardized,there are still some problems in the manipulation procedures,relevant national regulations should be strictly complied with,efficacy of cleaning and disinfection of digestive endoscope should be further improved.