The atherogensis was involved in a complex pathological process. Injury to endothelial cells of blood vessels was confirmed to be the in itial stage of this process. Migration to subendothelial layer and accumulation and proliferation of smooth muscle cells were attributed to various cytokines an d adhesive molecules secreted by activated endothelial cells, subsequently resul ting in aggregation of lymphocytes,platelets, monocytes and macrophages in the i ntima of artery. These cellular components ultimatedly led to the formation of a mature atherosclerotic plaque. Its quite acknowledged that a better understan ding of the atherogenic events might promise us the development of new chemical entities of anti-atherosclerotic therapies. A large body of evidence has demons trated that sulfated polysaccharides played a critical role in the development o f atherosclerosis. The underlying mechanisms of the anti-atherosclerotic activi ty of sulfated polysaccharides were reported to contribute to protecting against endothelial cells injury,inhibiting migration and proliferation of vascular smo oth muscle cells, and reducing the adhesion of inflammatory cells, platelets and lymphocytes. And also, the prevention of complement activation by sulfated poly saccharides could not be excluded. On the other hand,the promoting effects of su lfated polysaccharides atherosclerosis was also reported. Its therefore conclu ded that the relationships between atheriosclerosis and sulfated polysaccharides remained to be further elucidated.

Two aberrant structures, extracellular senile plaques (SP) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the characteristic neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimers disease (AD). Amyloid ? protein (A?) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein are the major components of SP and NFTs respectively. A large body of evidence has highlighted the pivotal role of sulfated polysaccharides in the amyloidogenesis and formation of NFTs. The underlying mechanisms of the involvement of sulfated polysaccharides in the development of AD were reported to contribute to their high affinity for both A? and tau protein. Sulfated polysaccharides not only promoted the ? secretase cleavage of APP and the increased production of A? and induced the aggregation and deposition of A?, but also facilitated the phosphylation of tau and promoted tau polymerization into fibrils and tangle formation. On the other hand, the neurotrophic effects exerted by sulfated polysaccharides were also demonstrated. These notions were probably due to the inhibition of the formation of A? fibrils or to the counteraction of the abnormal phosphorylation of tau by promoting the protein phosphatase2B activity, which has been speculated to be attributed to the variation in either structural backbone or degree of sulfation or position of sulfation. Putting together, the appropriate structural modification of sulfated polysaccharides may be effective as therapeutic agents for AD.

Objective To analyse the associated clinical findings of newborn infants with HIE after intrauterine asphyxia with normal Apgar scores at birth and follow-up the neurologic sequelae. Methods 30 newborn infants admitted for HIE in Jan.to Dec. 2002 were analysed,they had :(1)intra-uterine asphyxia with Apgar scores of 8～10 at birth,(2)with neurological symptoms on the first day after birth,(3)diseases of infection,genetics and metabolism,and deformity were ruled out,(4)with characteristic findings of HIE on cranial ultrasound examinations and CT scans. Results All of 30 newborn infants had signs of depression from the first day after birth,22 infants of them sometimes were irritable.17 cases (56.7%) with mild encephalopathy and 13 cases (43.3%) with moderate encephalopathy,none of severe case,compared with the infants who had HIE with birth asphyxia,there were no statistical difference. Less than 40% cases had elevated BUN and CKMB,hyponatremia,hypocalcemia,hypoglycemia,acidosis,etc The incidence of them were the same as the infants who had HIE with birth asphyxia. The findings of cranial ultrasound examinations were different between the acute and chronic hypoxic injury of intrauterine asphyxia Follow-up 28 infants at the mean age of (11.7?3.8) months. Except 1 case of cerebral palsy,all of them are normal intelligent infants. There were 4 cases of dilated lateral ventricle and 1 case of dilated 3rd ventricle at birth; 6 cases of dilated ventricles found in follow-up and 1 of them had cerebral palsy,all of those infants recovered at 12～19 months of age. Conclusion Newborn infants who had intrauterine asphyxia without birth asphyxia might suffer from HIE and cerebral palsy later. Cranial ultrasound examinations showed some of them had fetal brain damages. Therefore,intensive care of such infants,preventing and treating intrauterine asphyxia could decrease the morbidity of HIE.

The atherogensis was involved in a complex pathological process. Injury to endothelial cells of blood vessels was confirmed to be the initial stage of this process. Migration to subendothelial layer and accumulation and proliferation of smooth muscle cells were attributed to various cytokines and adhesive molecules secreted by activated endothelial cells, subsequently resulting in aggregation of lymphocytes, platelets, monocytes and macrophages in the intima of artery. These cellular components ultimatedly led to the formation of a mature atherosclerotic plaque. It's quite acknowledged that a better understanding of the atherogenic events might promise us the development of new chemical entities of anti-atherosclerotic therapies. A large body of evidence has demonstrated that sulfated polysaccharides played a critical role in the development of atheroscle- rosis. The underlying mechanisms of the antiatherosclerotic activity of sulfated polysaccharides were reported to contribute to protecting against endothelial cells injury, inhibiting migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and reducing the adhesion of inflammatory Cells, platelets and lymphocytes. And also, the prevention of complement activation by sulfated polysaccharides could not be excluded. On the other hand, the promoting effects of sulfated polysaccharides atherosclerosis was also reported. It's therefore concluded that the relationships between atherioscierosis and sulfated polysaccharides remained to be further elucidated.

Objective To investigate the survival rates of main malignant tumors in Nanhui district. Methods Total 5 783 cases, registered as new cases with malignant neoplasm from 2002 to 2004 in Nanhui, were followed up. Data was studied by survival analysis with SPSS 13.0 of life table and Kaplan -Meier. Results The average annual crude incidence of malignant tumors was 267.57 / 100 000, the World standardized incidence rate of 209.98 / 100 000. Cancer Incidence in the top five ranks followed by lung, liver, stomach, colon and esophageal cancer, the incidence was 43.06 / 100 000, 28.65 / 100 000, 26.82 / 100 000, 18.63 / 100 000 and 9.57 / 100 000, respectively. The difference of the survival rates between the top five cancers was remarkable. Survival rates of cancers among males from the lowest to the highest were liver, lung, esophagus, stomach and intestines. Survival rates of cancers among females from the lowest to the highest were of liver, lung, esophagus, stomach, intestines, cervical and breast. The male or female main cancer's relative survival rate droped along with the age rising. Conclusion The survival status was better in the patients with intestine cancers and female patients with breast cancer, but worse in patients with liver, ung and esophageal cancer.

AIM　To investigate the inhibitory effects of D-polymannuronic sulfate (DPS) on the proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or interleukin-1 (IL-1) and its related mechanisms. METHODS　Rat aortic smooth muscle cells pretreated with DPS in concentrations ranging from 0.001 μg*mL-1 up to 100 μg*mL-1 were incubated at 37℃ for 24 h, followed by addition of bFGF (50 ng*mL-1) or IL-1 (50 U*mL-1) for another 24 h. The effects of DPS on the proliferation of VSMC were evaluated by MTT assays. VSMC were pretreated with DPS in concentrations ranging from 0.001 μg*mL-1 up to 1 μg*mL-1, followed by addition of L-NAME (0.1 μg*mL-1) or bFGF (50 ng*mL-1) for 24 h. Supernatant nitric oxide (NO) was determined with NO assay kit, while supernatant angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS　DPS exerted antiproliferative effects at concentrations ranging from 0.01 μg*mL-1 to 10 μg*mL-1, and its maximal effect was observed at the concentration of 1 μg*mL-1. Also, the suppressing actions of DPS on the proliferation of VSMC were diminished by increasing the concentrations of bFGF or IL-1. Furthermore, DPS increased NO synthesis and decreased Ang II and ET-1 contents released from VSMC in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION　DPS afforded the antiproliferative effects on bFGF- or IL-1-treated VSMC and its underlying mechanisms were associated with enhancement of NO synthesis and decrement of Ang II and ET-1 production/release in vitro.

Objective To evaluate MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)and MR perfusion-weighted imaging(PWI) in differentiating benign from malignant soft tissue tumors by comparing the related parameters. Methods Fifty patients with soft tissue tumors verified by pathology( benign 24, malignant 26) underwent DWI and dynamic contrast-enhanced T2 * -weighted PWI. DWI and PWI data of benign and malignant soft tissue tumors were acquired at the workstation and their difference was analyzed with t-test. The diagnostic accordance rate was verified with x2-test. Subjective overall performance of two techniques were evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results ADC values of benign and malignant tumors were (2. 03±0. 36) × 10-3 mm2/s, ( 1.52±0. 39) × 10-3 mm2/s,respectively. The signal intensity decrease of them during the first-pass perfusion (SIdecrease ) were ( 13.54 ± 3.37 )%, (47. 57 ± 5. 21 ) % ,respectively. The maximum linearity slope rate of TIC ( SSmax ) of them were ( 5.51 ± 2. 54 ) %, (7.94 ± 3. 33) %, respectively. There were significant differences between benign and malignant tumors of ADC value and SIdecrease ( t = 2. 515,2. 938 ;P < 0. 05 ), while there was no significant difference in SSmax (t = 1. 272,P >0. 05). When the threshold of ADC value was 1. 866 × mm2/s, sensitivity and specificity for determining malignant tumors were 84. 6% (22/26)and 83.3% (20/24). When the threshold of SIdecrease was 40. 33% ,sensitivity and specificity for determining malignant tumors were 88. 5% (23/26)and 75.0% (18/24). In type Ⅰa of TIC,the proportion of benign soft tissue tumor was 3/24 and malignant tumor was 20/26. In type Ⅰb , benign tumor was 14/24 and malignant tumor was 3/26. In type Ⅰc, malignant tumor was 3/26. In type Ⅱ ,benign tumor was 7/24. The diagnostic accordance rate of DWI and PWI were 84. 0% (42/50) and 82. 0% (41/50), respectively. There was no significant difference between them ( x2 = 0. 8, P >0. 05). The accuracies of them were 81.7% , 83. 6% respectively by the area under the ROC curve (AUC). The sensitivity of PWI in diagnosing malignant soft tissue tumors was higher. Conclusions ADC value and SIdecrease are Valllable diagnostic parameters in differentiating benign and malignant soft tissue tumors. The threshold of these parameters for diagnosing malignant soft tissue tumors are 1. 866 × 10-3 mm2/s and 40. 33%, respectively. The type of TIC can help to distinguish malignant tumors from benign tumors, while the SSmax can not. The accuracies of DWI and PWI in the diagnosis of malignant soft tissue tumors are moderate. Compared with DWI, PWI should be selected firstly because of its higher sensitivity in diagnosing malignant tumors.

Objective To evaluate multiple magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques in the differentiation of benign and malignant soft tissue tumors by comparing different information from MR perfusion-weighted Imaging (MR-PWI) and 1 HMR spectroscopy (1 H-MRS).Methods Forty patients with soft tissue tumors underwent conventional MR imaging,dynamic contrast-enhanced T2*-weighted MR-PWI and 1 H proton MR spectroscopy.The differences of perfusion and 1 H-MRS parameters of benign and malignant tumors were analyzed with t test.Results There was significant difference between benign and malignant tumoral tissues of BF value and Cho/Cr ratio(t=2.531,2.927,P < 0.05),while BV,MTT,Cho,Cr or Lip peak value were not.TIC was different between benign group (Ib) and malignant group (Ia).When the threshold value of BF was 4.35 ml ·100 mg-1·min-1,sensitivity and specificity for determining malignant tumors were 81.8%(18/22),72.2%(13/18),respectively.When the threshold value of Cho/Cr ratio was 3.22,Sensitivity and specificity for determining malignant tumors were 86.4% (19/22),88.9% (16/18),respectively.The abnormal wave crest is detected at 2.0-2.1ppm in 5 malignant tumors (2 malignant schwannoma and 3 malignant fibrous histiocytoma),while the other 35 cases were not.Conclusion The BF value and Cho/Cr ratio were both valuable diagnostic parameters in differentiating benign and malignant soft tissue tumors.TIC was helpful to distinguish malignant tumors from benign tumors,while the sensitivity and specificity of 1 H-MRS in diagnosing malignant soft tissue tumors were both higher.

Objective To explore the protective effect of L-carnitine on neonates with myocardial injury caused by as?phyxia. Methods Forty-four neonates with myocardial injury caused by asphyxia were randomly divided into L-carnitine treatment group (21 cases) and control group (23 cases). Patients in control group were received routine treatment and pa?tients in treatment group were given L-carnitine 0. 1 g/(kg · d) on the basis of routine treatment for 7 days. Symptoms and physical signs were observed before therapy and during the treatment in two groups. Before and after the treatment, plasma levels of free L-carnitine and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were detected with the method of colorimetric assay and chemilumi?nescent, respectively. Results The clinical effective rate was significantly higher in treatment group than that of control group (90.48%vs 60.87%, P<0. 05). Compared with the control group, there was a significantly higher plasma concentra?tion of free L-carnitine in treatment group after treatment [(27.00±5.69)μmol/L vs (13.20±3.04)μmol/L, P<0.05]. In treat?ment group, plasma concentration of free L-carnitine was significantly higher after treatment than that of pre-therapy [(14.87 ± 3.95)μmol/L,P<0.05]. Compared with the control group, there was a significantly lower plasma concentration of cTnI after treatment in treatment group [(0.025±0.006)μg/L vs (0.046±0.010)μg/L, P<0.05]. In the treatment group, there was a significant correlation between decreased plasma concentration of cTnI and increased plasma concentration of free L-carnitine (r=0.899, P<0.05). Conclusion Administration of L-carnitine can effectively decrease the abnormal plasma lev?el of cTnI in neonates with myocardial injury caused by asphyxia, and thereby protect the myocardium.