Six cases of suicidal sedative-soporific drug poisoning is reported.The main clinical features were coma,respiratory depression,hypotension,disappearance of reflexes and peripherel circulatory failure.Thepathological fingdings were as follows:pulmonary congestion and edema;fatty degeneration of the liver;degeneration of the epithalial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules and cerebral edema.The severityof the pathological changes depend upon the duration between the drug administration and the time of deathThe longer the course,the more prominent the changes.The fatality rate related with the dose of drugadministration,the underlying deseases and the complications.

Objective To establish an in vitro model of mycobacterial granuloma.Methods Mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy human subjects,and stimulated to differentiate into macrophages,which were then classified into four groups to be cocultured with Mycobacterium marinum,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Bacillus Calmette-Guérin,and Mycobacterium leprae,respectively,for five days followed by incubation with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the corresponding donors to establish an in vitro model of mycobacterial granuloma.The macrophages cocultured with PBMCs or mycobacteria alone served as the control.Microscopy was performed to dynamically visualize the formation of granuloma in vitro,flow cytometry to detect the expressions of cell surface antigens at different stages,real-time quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the mRNA expressions of important cytokines and their protein levels in the supernatant of macrophages,respectively.Results After 7-9 days of coculture with mycobacteria and PBMCs,the macrophages aggregated to form granuloma-like clumps,and some cells fused to form multinuclear giant cells,along with the expressions of some surface antigens such as CD14,CD68 and CD86 on these macrophages.The mRNA expressions of some important cytokines,including tumor necrosis factor-a,interferon-γ interleukin (IL)-1 β and IL-10,were detectable in the macrophages cocultured with mycobacteria and PBMCs,and the secretion of these cytokines was confirmed by ELISA in the supernatant of these cells.Conclusions An in vitro model of mycobacterial granuloma is basically established,which may facilitate the investigation into the formation of granuloma caused by and immune response to mycobacterial infection.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a supplementary diagnostic indicator (infrared radiant intensity) in tongue diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in patients with hyperplasia of mammary glands through correlation analysis of infrared radiant intensity between hyperplastic breast tissue and tongue surface. METHODS: Infrared radiant intensity of the hyperplastic breast tissue and different points on tongue surface in 20 cases of hyperplasia of mammary glands with liver-energy stagnation and phlegm retention syndrome and 16 cases of hyperplasia of mammary glands with irregular thoroughfare and conception vessels syndrome were measured with external infrared spectrometer PHE-201 made by Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics. Correlation of infrared radiant intensity between the hyperplastic breast tissue and the different points on tongue surface was assessed by using bivariate correlation analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that the numbers of positive correlated wave bands of infrared radiant intensity between the hyperplastic breast tissue and different detected points on tongue surface in the patients with liver-energy stagnation and phlegm retention syndrome and irregular thoroughfare and conception vessels syndrome were 127 (83.55%) and 71 (46.71%), respectively. Infrared radiant intensity between the hyperplastic breast tissue and the tongue surface had a positive correlation. CONCLUSION: Infrared radiant intensity can be used as one of supplementary diagnostic indicators in TCM tongue diagnosis of hyperplasia of mammary glands.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important immunosuppressive role in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells can regulate the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment through exosomes, thereby affecting the development of tumors. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) promote the development of MDSCs and improve their immunosuppressive function in the tumor microenvironment mainly by participating in the processes such as intercellular information exchange and information transmission. Moreover, the miRNAs in TEXs will also be transferred to recipient cells to inhibit the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs by inducing the negative regulation of target genes. This review summarized the progress in the mechanism of TEXs on MDSCs.

Objective:To explore the correlation of the expression of transforming growth factor β1(TGF‐β1) in breast cancer tissues with the microvessel density (MVD) in breast cancer tissues ,as well as the prognosis of breast cancer patients . Methods :The expression of TGF‐β1 in the tissues of breast cancer (n=62) and breast fibroadenoma(n=30) were detected with immunohistochemical staining ,and the MVD was counted .The correlation of the two factors with the pathological features were analyzed .The influence of TGF‐β1 on recurrence ,metastasis and survival rate were analyzed in combination with the follow‐up data .Results:The positive expression rate of TGF‐β1 protein and the count of MVD in breast cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in breast fibroadenoma tissues (P< 0 .05) .The positive expression rate of TGF‐β1 protein in breast cancer tissues increased as the increase of tumor diameter ,clinical stage ,lymph node metastasis(P<0 .05) ,and the count of MVD was correlated with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0 .05) .The expression level of TGF‐β1 protein was positively correlated with the count of MVD in breast cancer tissues (r=0 .705 ,P<0 .05) .The 5‐year survival rate in patients with positive expression of TGF‐β1 was significantly lower than those with negative expression of TGF‐β1 ( P< 0 .05 ) . Conclusions :TGF‐β1 is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues and is positively correlated with the count of MVD .TGF‐β1 plays an important role during the process of occurrence and development in breast cancer ,and it is a potential biological target for anti‐angiogenesis therapy in breast cancer .

Objective To investigate the effects of the public platform of WeChat in health education in patients with gynecological surgery. Methods To select 179 inpatients in Department of Gynecology of from June 2014 to July, then they were divided into experimental group (n=92) and control group (n=87) randomly. The patients of control group received the traditional health education while the patients of experimental group received WeChat besides the traditional health education. The nursing satisfaction and awareness of health knowledge were compare between two groups. Results The patients′ satisfaction of experimental group was (98. 0 ± 2. 0) score while it was (97.2 ±2.0) score in the control group (t=2.598,P<0.05). The telephone follow-up 10 d after discharging showed the health knowledge awareness had 76. 14 % up to standard in the experimental group and 56. 79 % in the control group (χ2 =7. 12,P<0. 05). Conclusions The WeChat public platform can be the supplement of traditional health education, is benefit for strengthening the effects of health education, and enhance patient′s satisfaction.

Objective To investigate the value of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay ( MTT) in predicting drug sensitivity of breast cancer cells in vitro. Methods From January 2010 to July 2016,one hundred and ninety-two patients with breast cancer who underwent modified radical mastectomy or breast conserving surgery (no preoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy) in the Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital were selected. MTT method was used to determine the inhibitory level and sensitivity of 12 drugs and 3 chemotherapy regimens to primary cultured cancer cells of 192 patients with breast cancer. Results (1) The sensitivity of breast cancer cells to 12 drugs were in sequence from high to low as follows: Paclitaxel (PTX)＞ Epirubicin ( EPI )＞ Cisplatin ( DDP )＞ 5-Fluorouracil ( 5-FU )＞ Mitoxantrone ( MIT )＞Vincristine ( VCR )＞ Pirarubicin ( THP )＞ Isosophosphamide ( IFO )＞ Carboplatin ( CBP )＞Cyclophosphamide ( CTX)＞ Methotrexate ( MTX)＞ Changchun Rui bin ( NVB) . The sensitivity of chemotherapy regimens in the three groups from high to low was docetaxel/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (TAC )＞cyclophosphamide/epirubicin/fluorouracil ( CEF )＞cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/fluorouracil (CMF). The sensitivity rates of PTX,EPI and DDP were 54%(104/192),42%(81/192) and 37%(71/192) respectively. (2) The average inhibitory rates of DDP,CBP and MIT in stage III breast cancer was higher than those in stage I and II breast cancer,and the differences were statistically significant ( F＝11. 14,4. 303,3. 182,P＜0. 05). (3) HR-breast cancer is more sensitive than HR+breast cancer,PTX, EPI,THP,MIT in HER-2(+) breast cancer is more sensitive than in HER-2(－) breast cancer. Conclusion As a widely used drug sensitivity test method, MTT assay has a certain reference value for screening sensitive drugs and selecting clinical chemotherapy regimens in neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer. PTX,EPI and DDP are more sensitive to other breast cancer cells than other drugs. Chemotherapy based on in vitro susceptibility results improves the efficiency of chemotherapy and decreases the proportion of changes in chemotherapy schemes due to inefficiency.

Arsenic compounds are widely used for the therapeutic intervention of multiple diseases.Ancient pharmacologists discovered the medicinal utility of these highly toxic substances,and modern phar-macologists have further recognized the specific active ingredients in human diseases.In particular,Arsenic trioxide(ATO),as a main component,has therapeutic effects on various tumors(including leukemia,hepatocellular carcinoma,lung cancer,etc.).However,its toxicity limits its efficacy,and con-trolling the toxicity has been an important issue.Interestingly,recent evidence has pointed out the pivotal roles of arsenic compounds in phase separation and membraneless organelles formation,which may determine their toxicity and therapeutic efficacy.Here,we summarize the arsenic compounds-regulating phase separation and membraneless organelles formation.We further hypothesize their potential involvement in the therapy and toxicity of arsenic compounds,highlighting potential mecha-nisms underlying the clinical application of arsenic compounds.

Objective:To analyze the effect of panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)on mTORC1-HIF1α signaling pathway,and to explore its effect and mechanisms on the differentiation balance of Th17/Treg cells in CD4+T cells.Methods:Isolate the spleens of C57BL/6 mice,then select CD4+T cells by magnetic beads and cultured in vitro.The optimal concentration of PNS was screened by the CCK-8,and then these cells were divided into control group and PNS treatment group(5,10 and 20 μg/ml),each gives correspond-ing drug treatment after 48 h.Afterwards,flow cytometry was used to detect differentiation of Th17/Treg cells.Real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR was used to detect the expressions of RORγt,Foxp3,mTOR,Raptor,HIF1α mRNA.ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-17A and IL-10 in the supernatant of cell culture.Western blot was used to detect the expressions and phosphorylation levels of 4EBP1,S6K and HIF1α proteins.Results:5,10,20 μg/ml PNS could significantly inhibit Th17 cells differentiation and promote Treg cells differentiation;5,10,20 μg/ml PNS could significantly reduce the expression of RORγt mRNA,and then reduce the level of IL-17A;20 μg/ml PNS could significantly promote the expression of Foxp3 mRNA and increase the level of IL-10;10,20 μg/ml PNS could significantly decrease the phosphorylation of 4EBP1 and S6K;5,10,20 μg/ml PNS could significantly reduce the expression of HIF1α mRNA and inhibit the expression of HIF1α protein.Conclusion:Certain concentrations of PNS can inhibit the differentiation of Th17 cells in CD4+T cells,and promote the differentiation of Treg cells,which is related with modulating mTORC1-HIF1α signaling pathway.

Purpose: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease, and Th17 cells are key factors in the pathogenesis of human inflammatory conditions, such as RA. Catalpol (CAT), a component in Rehmanniae Radix (RR), has been found to regulate human immunity. However, the effects of CAT on Th17 cell differentiation and improvement of RA are not clear. Materials and Methods: Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice were constructed to detect the effects of CAT on arthritis and Th17 cells. The effect of CAT on Th17 differentiation was evaluated with let-7g-5p transfection experiments. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Th17 cells after CAT treatment. Levels of interleukin-17 and RORγt were assessed by qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results: We found that the proportion of Th17 cells was negatively associated with let-7g-5p expression in CIA mice. In in vitro experiments, CAT suppressed traditional differentiation of Th17 cells. Simultaneously, CAT significantly decreased Tregs-to-Th17 cells transdifferentiation. Our results demonstrated that CAT inhibited Tregs-to-Th17 cells transdifferentiation by up-regulating let-7g-5p and that the suppressive effect of CAT on traditional differentiation of Th17 cells is not related with let-7-5p. Conclusion Our data indicate that CAT may be a potential modulator of Tregs-to-Th17 cells transdifferentiation by up-regulating let-7g-5p to reduce the expression of STAT3. These results provide new directions for research into RA treatment.