Objective To investigate the effects of hypoxic preconditioning on learning and memory and the possible protective mechanism in mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Healthy adult male Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups by Random number table:normal group( N group),hypoxic preconditioning group (HPC group),sham operation group (C group),ischemia-reperfusion group(O group),hypoxic preconditioning and ischemia-reperfusion group(HPC+O group).HPC+O group were given hypoxic preconditioning before 24h of ischemia-reperfusion.The escape latency was detected by Morris water maze and the neuron apoptosis of CA 1 area of hippocampal was determined by immunofluores-cence techniqueR.e sults The escape latency in HPC+O group on the second,third and fourth day of MWM was (39.92±4.52)s,(30.98±2.44)s,(19.69±4.27)s,and significantly lower than that in O group((54.35± 3.66)s,(46.31±4.81)s,(36.81±3.86)s).Mice in HPC+O spent longer time in the target quadrant than that in O group((36.44±5.33)%and(24.5±2.59)%,respectively, P<0.05).Immunofluorescence showed that the apoptotic ration of nerve cells in hippocampal CA 1 was significantly lower than that in O group ( 11.7 ± 0.14 and 1.35±0.14, P<0.05).Conclusion Hypoxic preconditioning can increase hippocampal CA1 neurons hypoxia tolerance of ischemia reperfusion injury in mice,and reduce the incidence of neural cell apoptosis.

AIM: To examine the expression of CD69 on NK cells at the fetomaternal interface in CBA/J?DBA/2 mice as a model of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), and to evaluate the effects of lymphocyte immunotherapy (LIT) on the level of CD69 expression and the relationship with the outcomes of murine fetuses and pups. METHODS: The outcomes of murine fetuses and pups were evaluated in breeding pairs of CBA/J?DBA/2, C57BL/6?DBA/2 and BALB/c?DBA/2 mice. Both preweaning growth curves and Kaplan-Meier survival graphs of pups were constructed throughout postnatal days 1 to 21. In addition, the level of CD69 expression on NK cells at the fetomaternal interface with and without LIT were determined by two-color flow cytometric analysis, stained with PE-CD69 and FITC-DX5. The subpopulation of CD16/CD32 + NK cells was also evaluated. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between CBA/J?DBA/2 mice and normal fertile controls in the median increase of maternal weight during pregnancy, the number of pups born per litter, the median neonatal weight on postnatal day 1, and the resorption rate of fetuses. The proportion of CD69 +DX5 + cells which represents activated NK cells was significantly higher in CBA/J?DBA/2 mice compared with normal fertile controls, while efficient LIT was able to dramatically decrease the expression of CD69 on NK cells at the fetomaternal interface and this was associated with the decrease of resorption rate accordingly. CONCLUSION: The fraction of CD69 +DX5 + cells seems to be functionally important in the mechanisms by which the embryos were rejected, whereas efficient LIT is capable of reducing the abortion rate via decreasing the expression of CD69 molecules on NK cells at the fetomaternal interface.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors affecting the delay of recovery in patients under general anesthesia.Methods:Patients who underwent radical mastectomy for breast cancer in our hospital from Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2022 were selected as the research objects, and the effective data of 80 patients were obtained after screening. The patients were divided into the non-delayed recovery group (54 cases) and the delayed recovery group (26 cases). The general conditions and perioperative data of the two groups were compared, and the high-risk factors affecting delayed recovery from anesthesia were analyzed using the Logistic hazard proportional regression model. Results:In general, there were no significant differences in body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, tumor size, tumor subtype, tumor location, or tumor stage between the non-delayed awakening group and the delayed awakening group (all P>0.05). The average age of patients in the wake-up delay group was (53.28±11.01), the proportion of anemia was 42.30% (11/26), and the proportion of ASA Ⅱ patients was 76.92% (20/26) compared with the average age of the non-wake-up delay group (46.89±6.91) ( t=3.17, P=0.002), the proportion of anemia was 20.37% (11/54) ( χ2=3.17, P=0.040), the proportion of ASA Ⅱ patients was 27.78% (15/54) ( χ2=17.22, P<0.001), which was significantly increased. In the perioperative data, there was no statistical significance in the intraoperative combined epidural anesthesia between the non-delayed recovery group and the delayed recovery group (all P>0.05). The data of the patients in the delayed recovery group, including average intraoperative blood loss (234.14±32.28), operation time (229.47±29.84), anesthesia time (246.14±35.64) and intraoperative compound sevoflurane inhalation accounted for 69.23% (18/26) ,which were significantly increased compared with the data of non-delayed recovery group following, including the average intraoperative blood loss (215.48±29.54) ( t=2.57, P=0.012), operation time (206.35±27.41) ( t=3.43, P=0.001), anesthesia time (215.61±28.54) ( t=4.13, P<0.001), intraoperative compound sevoflurane inhalation (44.44%, 24/54). Through Logistic hazard ratio regression analysis, it was found that age ( OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.05-1.30, P=0.008), ASA Ⅱ grade ( OR=9.49, 95% CI: 2.05-60.94, P=0.008), intraoperative bleeding volume ( OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.08, P=0.012), operation time ( OR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.08, P=0.009), and anesthesia time ( OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.07, P=0.004) were high-risk factors affecting the delayed recovery from anesthesia. Conclusion:Increasing age, high grade of ASA, heavy intraoperative blood loss, long operation time and anesthesia time are independent risk factors affecting delayed recovery from anesthesia.