Objectives To provide reference for the improve of health care system and healthcare insurance con-trolling method, through researching on the value-based healthcare paying system in South Korea. Methods The basic characteristics of the Korean health care system was researched, Specifically, its reform experiences of value-based health insurance review and assessment paying system,which government took. Results South Korea’s health care pay-ing system had achieved both good social and policy effects. Conclusions Value-based health care paying system is the main reason for the reducing of health care expenditures and making of scientific health policy.

Objective To optimize the formulation of metoprolol succinate ( MS) controlled release pellets by central composite design-response surface methodology .Methods MS sustained-release pellets were prepared using sugar pellet cores as starter beads , ethyl cellulose as coating materials and MS itself as a pore former .The formulation of MS sustained-release pellets was optimized by a central composite design with two factors at five levels .These two factors ( two independ-ent variables) were the pore former level and coating level , and the evaluated indexes ( namely dependent variables ) included the in vitro cumulative release percentages of MS at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 h, respectively.Results and Conclusion The results of mathematical equation fitting suggested that the second-order quadratic model was the optimal fitting equa-tion.According to the response surfaces , the optimum values at the pore former level and coating level weve ranged from 16%to 18%and 20% to 25%, respectively .The in vitro cumulative release percentage of MS from the pellets at 1 h reached 9.15%,which consequently eliminated the lag phase in the initial release period and exhibited a good sustained-release effect.Central composite design-response surface methodology can be applied to optimizing the coating formulation for MS sustained release pellets .

Objective To study the effect of surfactants on the dissolution profiles of poorly water-soluble acidic drug nimesulide from sustained-release tablets.Methods The anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cationic sur-factant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and nonionic surfactant polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) were used to prepare nimesulide micelles .The effect of the buffer , surfactant and ionic strength on the equilibrium solubility of the drug and the in vitro release of sustained-release tablets was studied .Results and Conclusion In pH 1.2 HCl solution, water and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer, the solubilization capacity of CTAB was the highest.However, in pH 9.0 Tris buffer, when CTAB concen-tration was at about 1%, the equilibrium solubility of nimesulide was at the trough value .The in vitro release results were similar to those of equilibrium solubility and the kinetic pattern conformed to the first order equation according to the coefficient R .

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of ethanol extract from Cirtus aurantium. METHODS: The ethanol extract of C. aurantium was isolated and purified by silica gel column, open ODS column, preparation liquid chromatography, HW-40F gel column and macroporous resin column. The structure of compounds was analyzed and identified according to physicochemical properties and spectral data (mass spectrum, hydrogen spectrum, carbon spectrum). RESULTS: Eight compounds were isolated from ethanol extract of C. aurantium, i. e. Rimboxo (1), Thymidine (2), Uracil (3), Cyclo-(Leu1-Ile2-Ala3-Thr4-Gly5-Thr6-Phe7) (4), Cyclo- (Leu1-Leu2-Pro3-Tyr4-Gly5-Ser6-Pro7) (5), Meranzin hydrate-β-D-glucoside (6), Umbelliferone (7), Linaloyl glucoside (8). CONCLUSIONS: Compound 1, 2, 3, 8 are isolated from Citrus L. for the first time, compound 4, 5, 6 were isolated from C. aurantium for the first time. The study lays the foundation for quality evaluation of C. aurantium.

Objective:To analyze the research progress and hotspots on drug resistance of helicobacter pylori in China and abroad since 2000, in order to provide theoretical reference and basis for the study of digestive system diseases.Methods:The Chinese and English literature related to helicobacter pylori resistance, which were included in the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database and the Web of Science database, were searched from 2000 to 2021. We imported the retrieved literature into Citespace6.1.R2 software, performed visual analysis on authors, countries and institutions, keywords, cited literature, and drew visual graphs.Results:A total of 2 824 Chinese literature and 1 885 English literature were included. The authors with the highest volume of publications in Chinese and English literature are Hu Fulian and Gisbert JP, respectively. The institutions with the highest volume of publications are the First School of Medicine, Beijing University and the Baylor School of Medicine in the United States. The keywords with high centrality in Chinese literature include clarithromycin, eradication rate, drug resistance, amoxicillin, metronidazole, etc. In the analysis of cited literature, it was observed that the Maastricht Consensus report holds an important position in this field.Conclusions:The use of Citespace visualization analysis has intuitively elucidated the research hotspots on the drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori.

OBJECTIVE：To sepa rate and identify the phenols compounds in Aurantii Fructus Immaturus ，and to provide reference for basic research of its effective substances. METHODS ：The phenols compounds were isolated and separated by silica gel，HW-40F gel column ，ODS reversed column and preparation HPLC. Their physicochemical properties and spectral data were used to identify the structures. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：Totally 12 compounds were isolated from Aurantii Fructus Immaturus，identified as 6′-O-trans- cinnamoyl- 3，5-dihydroxyphenyl β-D-glucopyranoside（compound 1），methyl 3-（2′，4′- dihydroxy phenyl ）propionate（compound 2），phloroglucinol（compound 3），aurantiside A （compound 4），5，7，4′-trihydroxy-8， 3′-dimethoxyflavone-3-O-6″-（3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaroyl） β-D-glucopyranoside （compound 5）， aromadendrin-7-O-β-D- glucopyranside（compound 6），hesperidin-7-O-β-D-glucoside（compound 7），naringin（compound 8），hesperidin（compound 9）， narirutin （compound 10），neoeriocitrin （compound 11），eriocitrin （compound 12）. Among them ，compound 1 is a new compound，and compounds 2 and 3 are isolated from Critus for the first time.

AIM: To understand the publication status, research trends, and cutting-edge and hot topics in this field by conducting a bibliometrics analysis of relevant literatures on the pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)in the past 30 a.METHODS:A total of 986 relevant literatures on the pathogenesis of POAG published on the core databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS)from 1 September 1993 to 1 September 2023 were retrieved. CiteSpace(6.2.R.4)and VOSviewer(1.6.18)software were used to conduct knowledge graph analysis on the retrieved literature, including publication volume, author, research institution, country/region, and keywords.RESULTS:The United States(243 articles)has the highest number of publications, followed by China(121 articles). The foreign institution with the highest number of publications is Harvard University(37 articles), while domestic institutions such as Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, ophthalmology department of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, and Peking University First Hospital tied for the highest number of publications. Louis R. Pasquale(21 articles)is the most prolific English author. Wang Ningli is the most active Chinese researcher in this field. Keywords include trabecular meshwork, intraocular pressure, aqueous humor, glucocorticoid, hemorheology, etc.CONCLUSION: The research on the pathogenesis of POAG is in a period of vigorous development. The United States has the largest number of publications in this field, and Harvard University is a leading institution in this field. The research focus in the field of POAG has shifted from the structural aspect to the genetic level, and gene research and traditional Chinese medicine treatment have broad application prospects in this field.