Objective To investigate the expression of CD35 on erythrocyte membrane and the changes of serum inflammatory cytokines in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) and their relation to zinc therapy. Methods One hundred and sixteen RRTI children including 82 cases of upper respiratory tract infection and 34 cases of lower respiratory tract infection were enrolled in the study;40 children with acute respiratory infection and 50 healthy children were randomly selected as the controls. The expression of CD35 on erythrocyte membrane, positive rate of circulating immune complex (CIC), IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were detected. Sixty-eight RRTI children with hypozincemia were randomly divided into zinc treatment group ( n = 38) and control group ( n = 30). The above parameters were detected at the end of the treatment and 12 weeks after the treatment. Results The expression of CD35 on erythrocyte membrane was significantly lower in RRTI children ( upper respiratory group and lower respiratory group) than that in healthy controls ( t=6.17 and 6.46, P <0.01 ). CIC-pesitive rate and the contents of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were increased in RRTI children, especially in those with lower respiratory tract infections. Compared with the children of acute respiratory infections, the expression of CD35on erythrocyte memhrane was much lower in RRTI children in the remission stage ( t = 20. 307, P < 0.01 ). The above parameters were improved in RRTI children who received zinc treatment. Conclusions Down-regulation of CD35, insufficient elimination of CIC, excessive production of serum IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were observed in RRTI children, which might be the immunopathologic mechanism of the repeated infection. These indexes can be improved after zinc treatment.

The spleen cells from the BALB/C mouse immunized with the type B toxoid were fused with aNS-1 myeloma cell line. The superatant containing the hybridoma-formed cells with growing pores wasscreened by EL1SA, in which 66.7% the pores could secrete the specific antibodies against botulin.After a Subclonizing culture by the limiting dilution technique four hybridoma cell lines(3B10, 3B11, 3G12 and 4A5) were established and could secrete the specific antibodies persistently in the culture medium. in which antibody titers came to 10-3-10-5, while they were injected into the BALB/C mice intrape ritoneally ascites rich in antibodies with a titer of 10-5-10-8 was produced. The results testing the (our monoclonal antibodies with the type A and B toxoids showed that the antibodies of 3G12and 4A5 were specific for the type B toxoid, and those of 3B10 and 3B11 had light cross reaction with the type A toxoid. Identification of 1g showed that the antibodies of 3B10 and 3G12 were of IgG1, while those of 3B11 and 4A5 of IgG2. The chromosomal assay confirmed the four cell lines to be hybridoma. The neutroligation test in mice revealed that those four monoclonal antibodies did not show any protective effects on botulin.

Objective:To investigate the pathogenesis related with the function of the red cell immune adherence(RCIA) in the patients with essential hypertension(EH) and the possibility of the nonspecific immunol regulation.Methods:Parameters of 99 EH patients were detected by the mixed rosett of erythrocyte and yeast,PEG pracipatation respectively and were compared between 48 of whom pre and post treatment with thymosin and the control group.Results:The activity of RBC CR 1 in EH group was lower than that of normal group (P

Objectives:To observe the role of nutritional support in patients after liver transplantation. Methods:Nutritional support was used in three patients after orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT).Total parenteral nutrition(TPN) was administered since the second day after the operation,the combination of enteral nutrition(EN) and parenteral nutrition(PN) was followed and then total enteral nutrition(TEN) was adopted.After that,oral intake of food was restored. Results:Postoperative patients were restored well. Conclusions:The supply of nutrition for patients after liver transplantation should be TPN→PN+EN→TEN,and then gradually increased.Once the gastroenteric functions of patients recover it is advisable to start EN as soon as possible.

Objective To evaluate hepatitis B virus large surfsce protein(LHBs) in monitoring of antiviral treatment.Methods LHBs.HBV serum markers and HBV DNA loads in 46 patients with adefovir dipivoxil(ADV) therapy were monitored for the whole course(60 weeks).Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),time differentiate immunofluoresence assay and real.time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)were performed to detect LHBs,HBV serum markers and HBV DNA loads,respectively.And correlation analysis was also performed.Results Both LHBs and HBV DNA declined during the ADV treatment.and the correlation coefficient was 0.97.but LHBs declined after HBV DNA.There were 20 patients with HBV DNA<5×102/mL at 60th week.in which 8 were LHBs negative;in 14 recurrent patients,the HBV DNA turned to negative and became positive again,3 with negative LHBs;while in 12 patients resistant to the ADV therapy.2 were LHBs negative.Conclusion Dynamic monitoring of LHBs is useful in the evaluation of antiviral treatment.

Enramycin is a polypeptide antibiotic and new, safe animal feed additive. A new purification process was developed, based on pre-purification by macroporous resin and refining by reversed phase chromatography. AB-8 macroporous resin was used for the pre-purification process of enramycin, with an elution buffer of 0.012 mol/L aqueous HCl solution-methanol (50: 50, V/V). Then, enramycin a and enramycin b were separated effectively by C18 reversed phase chromatography, with a elution buffer of 0.05 mol/L aqueous KH2PO4 solution-acetonitrile (70: 30, V/V, pH 4.5). The purities of enramycin a and enramycin b were up to 98.5% and 98.0%, respectively. The yield reached 29.2%. This study would provide a useful reference for the preparation of enramycin a and enramycin b with a high purity.
Adsorption ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase ; methods ; Peptides ; isolation & purification

Objective To investigate the accuracy and feasibility of brachial artery peak velocity variation (ΔVpeakbrach) and inferior vena cava variability (VIVC) as indicators of fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients. Methods A single-center prospective observation was conducted. The patients on mechanical ventilation with spontaneously breathing admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from June 2013 to August 2015 were enrolled. The patients were diagnosed as severe sepsis or sepsis shock. The peak velocity in brachial artery and diameter of the inferior vena cava at the end of inspiration and expiration was measured by bedside portable ultrasonic machine, and then ΔVpeakbrach and VIVC were calculated. The hemodynamic parameters were collected at baseline and after volume expansion (VE). The stroke volume (SV) was measured by pulse-indicated continuous cardiac output (PiCCO). Patients were classified as responders or non-responders according to the variation of SV (ΔSV) increased ≥ 15% or not after VE. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of ΔVpeakbrach and VIVC in predicting volume responsiveness. Results Among 58 patients after VE, 32 patients were defined as responders and the rest 26 were defined as non-responders.There were no differences in gender, age, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score, dose of vasoactive agent, ventilator parameters and infection site. Compared with baseline hemodynamic parameters, heart rate (HR) was decreased (bpm: 95±18 vs. 103±21), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was increased [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 92±8 vs. 80±7] after VE in responders; central venous pressure (CVP) was increased after VE in non-responders (mmHg: 11±4 vs. 8±3, all P < 0.05). The ΔVpeakbrach [(15.4±4.3)% vs. (11.2±3.5)%] and VIVC [(18.6±4.1)% vs. (14.3±3.6)%] in responders were significantly increased as compared with those of non-responders (both P < 0.05). The area under ROC curve (AUC) of ΔVpeakbrach for predicting volume responsiveness was 0.816. When the cut-off value of ΔVpeakbrach was ≥ 13.3%, the sensitivity was 71.9%, and the specificity was 80.8%. AUC of VIVC for predicting volume responsiveness was 0.733. When the cut-off value of VIVC was ≥ 19.25%, the sensitivity was 53.1%, and the specificity was 88.5%. Conclusion ΔVpeakbrach and VIVC are reliable indicators for predicting volume responsiveness in critical patients.

AIM: To explore the histocompatibility of pinealocyte microencapsules in vivo. METHODS: The pineal glands of neonatal rats were removed under operating microscope and pinealocytes were isolated through collagenase and trypsin digestion. Pinealocytes were cultured for one week in vitro and collected immediately after digesting was encapsulated in APA microencapsules. The cells and empty capsules were transplanted into abdominal cavity or intermuscular space respectively and retrieved at the 15th or 30th day after operation. Morphological observation, HE staining, cell counting, and HPLC technique were used to analyze the shape, proliferation and function, the degree of inflammation fibrosis of retrieved microencapsules. RESULTS: The retrieve rate of cell capsule from abdominal cavity was about 85 % . The retrieved capsules had integrated profile mostly although some were damaged. The amount of macrophages attached to capsule wall and the thickness of wall increased gradually following the period of transplantation. However, the retrieve rate, wall thickness had no difference between retrieved cell and empty capsules at the same time. Secretion ability of pinealocytes in capsule retrieved at 15th day after operation decreased rapidly and those retrieved at 30th day after operation lossed secretion function. CONCLUSION: APA microencapsules had histocompatibility relatively in vivo and protected pinealocytes in capsule from immunologic rejection of the host. The survival time was about 20 days. During this period cells in capsule maintained activity and MT secretion ability.

Objective To compared analgesic effect of sufentanil and fentanyl in surgery patients during mechanical ventilation, and to explore the rational dosage of analgesic and sedative drugs. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. 600 postoperative critically ill patients underwent mechanical ventilation for 12-72 hours admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from April 2013 to March 2015 were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups, sufentanil and fentanyl was used for analgesia respectively, and 300 patients in each group. The initiate dosage of sufentanil and fentanil was 5 μg/h and 50 μg/h, and the dosage was adjusted. A postoperative pain score (Prince-Henry score) of 0-1, and Richmond agitation-sedation scale (RASS) score -1-0 were targeted. 1 mg/kg of propofol was used if patient could not fall in sleep or felt anxious after loading dose of sufentanil (5 μg) or fentanil (50 μg) for 5 minutes. The use of analgesic drugs, the proportion and dosage of propofol was observed in the two groups, and adverse reactions were recorded. Results The mean dose of sufentanil for analgesia was (0.07±0.02) μg·kg-1·h-1, and the mean dose of fentanyl was (0.67±0.12) μg·kg-1·h-1. The patients in the two groups received propofol 40 to 60 mg/h in night, and the use proportion of propofol in sufentanil group was slightly less than that in fentanyl group (25.7% vs. 28.3%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). It was found by subgroup age analysis that, the mean analgesic dose of sufentanil or fentanyl in patients over 80 years old was lower than that in 70-79 years, 60-69 years and < 60 years groups but without statistical significance. There were 11 cases (3.7%) and 21 cases (7.0%) patients suffered from respiratory depression in sufentanil group and fentanyl group, respectively, without statistical significance (P = 0.069). The hemodynamics of patients in two groups was stable during analgesia, and no accidental extubation due to restlessness was found. Conclusions A smaller dose of sufentanil for postoperative patients underwent mechanical ventilation with satisfactory analgesia was (0.07±0.02) μg·kg-1·h-1, but need to be added with 40-60 mg/h and a small dose of propofol to improve anxiety and sleep. The proportion of patients needing propofol addition was slightly lower than that of fentanyl.

Objective To analyze the medical service pricing policy of 30 provinces and autonomous regions in China and recommend on problems and challenges, for reference of medical service pricing reform in the future.Methods Literature review and policy analysis were used for summary and performance appraisal of medical service pricing of China.Results Most of the areas surveyed followed the step-by-step approach to gradually adjust pricing, while a few areas completed it in a one-time adjustment manner.2015 witnessed most areas, up to 20 (66.67%), in price adjustment;their price adjustments focused on price reduction of large-scale medical equipment inspection fees and some medical tests.On the other hand, prices of diagnosis, nursing care, and treatment which are labor-intensive were increased.Conclusions Specifications of medical services are improving, yet there exist great gaps in the convergence of medical insurance.It is advisable to expedite the convergence of the new version specifications, to achieve value regression and dynamic price adjustment of medical services.