Objective: To study the effects of dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio on T lymphocyte functions in mice. Methods: 96 male BALb/c mice were randomly divided into 8 groups with dietary S:M:P 1:1.5:3.7 or 1:1.5:1, respectively. The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was 1, 7.5, 15, 30 respectively in each S:M:P diet. Each diet contained 70.0g/kg lipid,and different n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios by mixing different oils. At the end of 12w, all mice were killed and blood was collected. The spleen T lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 production and serum MDA were measured. Results: When dietary S:M:P was 1:1.5:3.7, the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes and IL-2 production from mice with dietary n-6/n-3 ratio 1 were suppressed (P

ve To explore the effectiveness of non-hazardous treatment of excreta on control of intestinal infectious diseases and parasitosis. Methods The popularization rate of sanitary latrines, the non-hazardous treatment rate of excreta, the prevalance rate of B-class intestinal infectious diseases and infectious rate of worm eggs were sta-tistically analyzed. Results With the increasing popularization rate of sanitary latrine and the non-hazardous treat-ment rate of excreta, the prevalance rates of 3 kinds of intestinal infectious diseases (dysentery, typhoid and hepatitis) decreased from 175.14/100 000 in 1991 to 57.78/100 000 in 2 000 namely decreased 67.01% . The infectious rates of helminth eggs decreased from 76.88% in 1991 to 22.16% in 2000 namely decreased 71.17%. Conclusion Non-hazardous treatment of excreta presented obvious effectiveness on disease prevention, which should be widely popularized in countryside.

Objective To determine the effects of genistein and daidzein on the proliferation and survival of the hippocampal neural cells and underlying mechanism. Methods H19-7/IGF-IR neural cell line was cultured in phenol red free DMEM absented of serum for 72h. Genistein, daidzein or 17β-estradiol was added to the culture at various concentrations. Their proliferation and protective effects on the neuronal cells were determined by BrdU and MTT assay respectively. The effect of phytoestrogens on cell cycle regulation was determined using flow cytometry. The effects of the soy isoflavones on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression were determined by ELISA and RT-PCR respectively. Results It was observed that, with 72h of treatment, 20nM and 200 nM 17B-estradiol significantly promoted the neuronal cell proliferation at 33% and 36% ;20nM and 200nM genistein significantly promoted the neuronal cell proliferation at 15% and 13% ; 200nM daidzein significantly promoted the neuronal cell proliferation at 11% compared to the control (P＜0.05). Genistein and daidzein induced an significantly increase in the S phase arrest at (17.64 ± 0.43) % and (19.48 ± 1.01) % compared to the control (P ＜ 0. 05). Moreover, genistein and daidzein significantly increased the expression of mature BDNF and BDNF mRNA level (P＜0.05). The effect of genistein and daidzein on hippocampal neuronal cell proliferation was blocked by K252a, selective inhibitor of tyrosine kinase receptors. Conclusion Genistein and daidzein improved hippocampal neuronal cell proliferation and viability in vitro. The effects might be mediated by increasing in BDNF expression.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of clinical pharmacists participating in clinical pathway management for chron-ic heart failure(CHF). METHODS:A total of 107 CHF adult inpatients in Linyi People's Hospital during Jan. 2014-Oct. 2015 were divided into control group(56 cases,3 withdrawal,53 in total)and trial group(58 cases,4 withdrawal,54 in total)accord-ing to random number table. Control group received routine clinical pathway management method of CHF;trial group received clin-ical pathway management with the participation of clinical pharmacists. Clinical efficacy,the utilization of heart failure drugs,eco-nomic indexes,medication compliance after discharge,re-hospitalization rate due to heart failure were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:Total response rate of trial group was significantly higher than control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The utilization rate of ACEI/ARB,β-receptor blocker,target dose rate of ACEI/ARB in trial group were significantly higher than control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05);target dose rate of β-receptor blocker was higher than control group,without statistical significance(P>0.05). Hospitalization time,drug cost,total hospitalization cost and drug ratio of trial group were short-er or lower than control group,without statistical significance(P>0.05). One month after discharge,the proportion of medication compliance in trial group was significantly higher than control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05);re-hospitalization rate was lower than control group,without statistical significance(P>0.05). Three months after discharge,the proportion of medica-tion compliance in trial group was higher than control group,while re-hospitalization rate was lower than control group,with statis-tical significance(P<0.05). CONCIUSIONS:The participation of clinical pharmacists in clinical pathway management of CHF can significantly improve the utilization rate of recommended drugs by guideline,clinical efficacy and medication compliance,and reduce re-hospitalization rate.

Objective To investigate the effect of saxagliptin or glimepiride combined with insulin glargine on treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Totally 86 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected and randomly divided into two groups.The control group was treated with glimepiride and insulin glargine,while the experiment group was treated with shagelline and insulin glargine.Before and after treatment,the blood glucose fluctuation index was measured by 72 h dynamic glucose test,and levels of FINS,2 hPG,HbA1c,MDA,ROS and SOD were measured.The clinical efficacy and safety indexes were compared.Results Compared with before treatment,the levels of SDBG,MAGE,NGE and MODD decreased significantly after treatment,the levels of FINS increased significantly,2 hPG and HbA1 c decreased significantly after treatment,and the levels of serum MDA and ROS decreased significantly and SOD level increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group,the levels of SDBG,MAGE,NGE and MODD were significantly lower in the experiment group,and the levels of MDA and ROS were significantly lower,and the level of SOD was significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05).The effective rate was 72.09％ in the control group,which was significantly lower than 90.70％ in the experiment group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with glimepiride,saxagliptin combined with insulin glargine is effective in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes,it can effectively control blood sugar,improve blood sugar fluctuations and oxidative stress,and does not increase the risk of hypoglycemia.

Objective To investigate the effect of saxagliptin or glimepiride combined with insulin glargine on treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Totally 86 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected and randomly divided into two groups.The control group was treated with glimepiride and insulin glargine,while the experiment group was treated with shagelline and insulin glargine.Before and after treatment,the blood glucose fluctuation index was measured by 72 h dynamic glucose test,and levels of FINS,2 hPG,HbA1c,MDA,ROS and SOD were measured.The clinical efficacy and safety indexes were compared.Results Compared with before treatment,the levels of SDBG,MAGE,NGE and MODD decreased significantly after treatment,the levels of FINS increased significantly,2 hPG and HbA1 c decreased significantly after treatment,and the levels of serum MDA and ROS decreased significantly and SOD level increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group,the levels of SDBG,MAGE,NGE and MODD were significantly lower in the experiment group,and the levels of MDA and ROS were significantly lower,and the level of SOD was significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05).The effective rate was 72.09％ in the control group,which was significantly lower than 90.70％ in the experiment group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with glimepiride,saxagliptin combined with insulin glargine is effective in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes,it can effectively control blood sugar,improve blood sugar fluctuations and oxidative stress,and does not increase the risk of hypoglycemia.

Objective To explore the effect of intermittent fasting combined with diversified man-agement mode on weight loss of overweight and obese people.Methods A total of 120 overweight and obese patients were selected as research objects,and randomly divided into control group(n=60)and experimental group(n=60).The control group was given intermittent fasting,and the experimental group was given diversified management mode on the basis of the control group.Waist circumference,body mass,body mass index(BMI),waist-to-hip ratio and blood lipid level were compared between the two groups;the scores of hunger,satiety,satisfaction and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results After intervention,waist circumference,body mass,BMI,waist-to-hip ratio,total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG)and low-density lipoprotein choles-terol(LDL-C)in the experimental group were significantly lower,and high-density lipoprotein choles-terol(HDL-C)was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).After intervention,the hunger score of the experimental group was significantly lower,and the satiety score and satisfac-tion score were significantly higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).The total incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was 6.67％,which was significantly lower than 20.00％in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of intermittent fasting combined with diversified management mode in overweight and obese people is better,which can improve the relevant clinical indicators and blood lipid levels,and has high safety.

Objective To explore the effect of intermittent fasting combined with diversified man-agement mode on weight loss of overweight and obese people.Methods A total of 120 overweight and obese patients were selected as research objects,and randomly divided into control group(n=60)and experimental group(n=60).The control group was given intermittent fasting,and the experimental group was given diversified management mode on the basis of the control group.Waist circumference,body mass,body mass index(BMI),waist-to-hip ratio and blood lipid level were compared between the two groups;the scores of hunger,satiety,satisfaction and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results After intervention,waist circumference,body mass,BMI,waist-to-hip ratio,total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG)and low-density lipoprotein choles-terol(LDL-C)in the experimental group were significantly lower,and high-density lipoprotein choles-terol(HDL-C)was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).After intervention,the hunger score of the experimental group was significantly lower,and the satiety score and satisfac-tion score were significantly higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).The total incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was 6.67％,which was significantly lower than 20.00％in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of intermittent fasting combined with diversified management mode in overweight and obese people is better,which can improve the relevant clinical indicators and blood lipid levels,and has high safety.

Objective To understand the prevalence of nosocomial infection and its potential risk factors through a cross-sectional study, to construct a predictive model of the probability of nosocomial infection, and to provide a basis for nosocomial infection management. Methods The prevalence rate of nosocomial infection and potential risk factors of all inpatients in a tertiary general hospital were investigated on a certain day. The possible risk factors of nosocomial infection were analyzed, and a nomogram prediction model on the probability of nosocomial infection was established. The calibration curve and ROC curve were used to evaluate the predictive efficiency of the model. Results A total of 419 hospitalized patients were investigated, and the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 3.58%. The top three nosocomial infections were in ICU, neurosurgery, and cardiac surgery. The top three infection sites were surgical site infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and urinary tract infections. The results of univariate analysis showed that the length of hospital stay, surgery, antimicrobial use and underlying diseases were statistically related to the occurrence of nosocomial infections (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the length of stay (LOS)＜14, the risk of nosocomial infection in patients with long LOS (≥14) was 5.48 (95% CI: 1.68-19.16). The risk of nosocomial infection in patients with two basic diseases was 7.61 times that (95%CI: 1.50-44.79) of patients without underlying diseases. The risk of nosocomial infection in patients with surgery was 4.88 times that of patients without surgery (95%CI: 1.47-19.6). According to the coefficients of the related risk factors calculated by logistic regression, a nomogram model of the occurrence probability of nosocomial infection was established. The C-index of the model was 0.839, and the area under the ROC curve for predictive efficiency was 0.809 (95%CI: 0.740-0.942). Conclusion Nosocomial infection control and management should be strengthened. Individual risk assessment of patients' nosocomial infection should consider about the age, underlying diseases, surgical status, glucocorticoid or immunosuppressive agents, and antimicrobial drug use. It is essential to identify the high-risk groups as soon as possible and take prevention and control measures to reduce the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection.

Objective To understand phthalic acid esters pollution of daily consumed food in Guangzhou City，and evaluate the hazard of phthalic acid esters exposure in residents dietary. Methods Detected the content of phthalic acid esters in 10 types of food by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy（GC-MS）methods .It combined with a survey on dietary nutrients intake of Guangzhou residents was conducted．Hazard index on the dietary exposure assessment of chemicals in food was applied. Results It showed that the highest levels of DBP，DEHP and DIBP，from the mixed diet samples in Guangzhou were 1.256，1.418，0.576 mg/kg respectively；and the exposure level of DBP，DEHP and DIBP were 2.431、5.981、2.408μg/kg.d ;HQ was respectively 0.243、0.125、0.025. HI was 0.393. Conclusion The dietary contamination of phthalic acid esters for Guangzhou was kept at a low level.But the pollution of 3 kinds of mixed samples such as meats，eggs，aquatic and products may be a certain risk of health that should attract more attention.