Objective To investigate the prevalence of urticaria among children aged 2-6 years in Nanjing city.Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out in children aged 2-6 years in 5 main districts of Nanjing City.Results The number of valid questionnaires was 13 610,accounting for 92.8％ of total respondents.Among the 13 610 respondents,1 116 were diagnosed as urticaria,including 565 boys and 551 girls,with the total prevalence rate being 8.54％.No significant difference was observed in the prevalence rate of urticaria between boys and girls (8.49％ vs.8.60％,x2 =0.04,P =0.832) or among children of different age groups (x2 =1.84,P =0.17).The prevalence of urticaria increased with age,and positively correlated with parents' educational level (rs =0.96,P =0.000).Children born in urban areas showed higher prevalence of urticaria than those in rural areas (8.79％ vs.5.56％,x2 =13.98,P =0.000).Conclusions The prevalence of urticaria has increased among children aged 2-6 years in recent years.More studies should be carried out to investigate into the pathogenesis and relevant factors of urticaria,so as to facilitate its prevention and treatment.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) among children aged 2-6 years in Nanjing city.Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out in children aged 2-6 years in 7 main districts of Nanjing City.Results A total of 13 061 children were investigated,among which,768 were diagnosed as AD,including 410 boys and 358 girls.The prevalence rate of AD was 5.88％ (95％ CI,5.48％-6.28％) in total,6.16％ (95％ CI,5.59％-6.74％) in boys and 5.59％ (95％ CI,5.02％-6.15％) in girls.Higher prevalence rate of AD was observed in boys compared with girls,and in children whose place of birth was in urban areas compared with those in rural areas.In addition,the prevalence rate of AD increased with age and with the rise in parental educational level.Conclusions Rapid economic development has dramatically changed life habits,dietary structure and residential environment of people,which can influence the prevalence of AD.

Objective To evaluate the effects of group medical visits and peer education on the compliance behaviors of patients with acne vulgaris,and to explore the effective health education approaches for patients with acne vulgaris.Methods A total of 80 patients with acne vulgaris were enrolled from Hospital of Dermatology,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences during December 2016.They were randomly and equally divided into 2 groups:intervention group receiving conventional health education combined with group medical visits and peer education,and control group receiving conventional health education alone.At week 1,2 and 4 after the intervention,the compliance behaviors were compared between the 2 groups.Results Totally,18 patients were lost to the follow-up due to refusals and non-response,and 32 patients in the intervention group and 30 patients in the control group finally completed the study.At week 1,2 and 4 after the intervention,the scores of compliance behaviors were significantly higher in the intervention group (83.6 ± 9.3,85.9 ± 9.1,91.2 ± 8.4 respectively) than in the control group (77.1 ± 7.3,77.1 ± 8.6,79.1 ± 10.2 respectively;all P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the scores of compliance behaviors significantly increased over time (P ＜ 0.05),and there was a significant interaction effect between the intervention methods and treatment duration (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Health education approaches including group medical visits and peer education can improve the compliance behaviors of patients with acne vulgaris.

Cyanobacteria is one of the promising microbial chassis in synthetic biology, which serves as a typical host for light-driven production. With the gradual depletion of fossil resources and intensification of global warming, the research on cyanobacterial cell factory using CO2 as carbon resource is ushering in a new wave. For a long time, research focus on cyanobacterial cell factory has mainly been the production of energy products, such as liquid fuels and hydrogen. One of the critical bottlenecks occurring in cyanobacterial cell factory is the poor economic performance, which is mainly caused by the inherent inefficiency of cyanobacteria. The problem is particularly prominent for these extremely cost-sensitive energy products. As an indispensable basis for modern industry, polymer monomers belong to the bulk chemicals with high added value. Therefore, increasing attention has been focused on polymer monomers which are superior in overcoming the economic barrier in commercialization of cyanobacterial cell factories. Here, we systematically review the progress on the production of polymer monomers using cyanobacteria, including the strategies for improving production, and the related technologies for the application of this important microbial cell factory. Finally, we summarize several issues in cyanobacterial synthetic biology and proposed future developing trends in this field.
Cyanobacteria ; Macromolecular Substances ; Polymers ; Synthetic Biology

Tea polyphenol （TP） is the main active constituent in tea， and epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG） is the main active constituent of TP that plays a biological role. Both of them can be used as immunomodulators in the treatment of tumor. In this paper， the anti-tumor mechanism of TP and EGCG was summarized from two aspects： enhancing immune effect and improving immune escape. The results showed that TP and EGCG could not only enhance the anti-tumor immune effect by promoting the activity of immune cells and the secretion of cytokines， but also improve tumor immune escape by regulating immunosuppressive cells， immune checkpoints， cytokines， immunomodulatory enzymes and JAK/STAT pathway， which has great potential in tumor immunotherapy.