Objective To explore the value of biomechanics parameter of rabbit abdominal aortic atheroma using velocity vector imaging(VVI).Methods Ten of 45 male New Zealand rabbits were chosen as normal control group randomly,the rest experimental rabbits were made atheromatous plaque model.The rabbits were examined by two-dimensional ultrasound and VVI respectively.The intima-media thickness(IMT) or thickness of plaques of abdominal aorta 1 cm from right renal artery branch were recorded.Maximum tangential velocity,strain and strain rate of IMT or plaques were measured using VVI.Then the rabbits were killed for pathological and immuno-histochemical examination.Results Based on pathology,the rabbites were divided into 4 groups:control group(group A,n=10),group of pathological endometrial thickening(group B,n=9),group of thick fibrous cap atheromatous plaques (group C,n=15) and group of thin fibrous cap atheromatous plaques (group D,n=11).The difference of plaques thickness and biochemical indicators had no statistically significant between group B and C(P>0.05),both bigger than group A and B (P<0.05).The difference of Vmax,Smax and SRmax had statistically significant each group(P<0.05).With Vmax>0.46×10-2 cm/s,Smax>0.37%,SRmax>1.415×10-2 s-1 to find the vulnerable plaques,the sensitivity were 75.0%,84.4%,84.4% respectively,specificity were 70.8%,91.7%,83.3% respectively.Conclusions VVI can identify plaque biomechanics parameter of different progression periods,which is expected to be a reliable method to find vulnerable plaques earlier in clinic.

Objective To explore the value of abdominal aorta strain reserve(SR) of rabbits during the period of early atherosclerosis using velocity vector imaging(VVI) techniques combined with nitroglycerin (NTG) vasodilation experiment.Methods Fifty-two male New Zealand White rabbits were used in this experiment.Group A(n=12) was the normal control group.Forty rabbits were made into atherosclerosis models.The SR of abdominal aortas of all rabbits were analyzed in short axis views using VVI and NTG vasodilation experiment at the forth week and the eighth week after feeding.The period of atherosclerosis into endothelial injury stage(group B) and intima thickening stage(group C) were divided.Results There were eighteen rabbits at the endothelial injury stage in group B and thirteen at the intima thickening stage in group C.Compared with control group,arterial SR values of group B and group C were significantly decreased in turn [4.13±1.21＞2.31±0.89＞1.22±0.77,Z=-2.978,P=0.003;Z=1.959,P=0.001],IMT of group C was significantly higher than that of group A(Z=-3.108,P=0.002),strain of group C was significantly lower than that of group A(Z=-2.415,P=0.016),the strain and IMT had no significant difference among three groups except group A and group C (P>0.05).A cut-off value was 3.67 of SR for diagnosing the endothelial injury aretary had a sensitivity of 70% and spectificity of 92.3% respectively obtained by the area under the ROC curve.The agreement of this diagnosis was very good.Conclusions The variable of the SR could stand for the variable of the vascular elasticity during the period of the early atherosclerosis.VVI and NTG vasodilation experiment could quantitatively assess SR of abdominal aortas of rabbits.

Objective To investigate the relationships between the expressions of estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),c-erbB-2,and clinicopathologic parameters of the breast cancer and to evaluate their value in predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.Methods The databank of clinical data and expressions of ER,PR,CEA and c-erbB-2 proteins in 791 cases of breast cancer were established and the results were analyzed by using chi-square test,Kaplan-Meier(SPSS10.0).Results The positive expression rates of ER,PR,CEA and c-erbB-2 were 64.6%,66.5%,45.5% and 66.2% in the 791 breast cancers,respectively.The positive rate of ER expression in the infiltrating lobular carcinomas was significantly higher than that of the infitrating ductal carcinomas of breast(P

Objective To investigate the minimal erythema does (MED) of normal skin to UV in Guangzhou city,and to observe its relationship to sex,age,skin type,seasons and the years lived in Guangzhou.Methods 621 healthy subjects were exposed to Solar Simulator (GS2004) and the MED was measured and observed by two professional technicians after (24±2) hours.Results The average MED value of all subjects was (1170.2±333.2) mJ/cm2.In male and female group,the average MED values were (1132.8-339.4) mJ/cm2 and (1182.1 ± 330.7) mJ/cm2,respectively,and there was no significant difference between male and female (P=0.20).The MED value in subjects aged from 30 to 50 (1014.7 ± 359.7) mJ/cm2 was significantly lower than those aged from 20 to 29 (1222.9±304.3) mJ/cm2 and over 50 years (1179.0±374.3) mJ/cm2 (P＜0.01).The MED value in skin type Ⅱ (673.53±228.3) mJ/cm2 was significantly lower than those in type Ⅲ (1224.3±254.2) mJ/cm2 and Ⅳ(1363.1±278.5) mJ/cm2(P＜0.01).There was significant difference of the MED value between different seasons (P＜0.01).The MED value in spring (969.2±355.8) mJ/cm2 was lowest,and followed by summer (969.2± 355.8) mJ/cm2.However,there was no significant difference between autumn and winter (P＞0.05).The MED value in subjects lived in Guangzhou from 5 to 10 years was significantly lower than those whose residence time was from 1 to 4 years and over 10 years,respectively.Conclusions The MED value of the subjects in Guangzhou is quite different from other cities of China,and related to age,skin types,seasons and the years lived in Guangzhou city,while there is no correlation between MED value and gender difference.

Objective To investigate effects of changes in body composition and pancreas islet β-cell function on bone mineral density(BMD)in obese women with normal glucose metabolism at child-bearing age.Methods Ninety-five obese women with normal blood glucose at child-bearing age were recruited for the study,20 in non-obese group with body mass index(BMI)less than 23,20 in overweightgroup with BMI equal to or more than 23 and less than 25.28 in obesity Ⅰ group with BMI equal to or more than 25 and less than 30.and 27 in obesity Ⅱ group with BMI equal to or more than 30.Their BMD,body fat and lean mass were measured with by dual energy X-ray absorptiometer(DEXA),and intravenous -glucose tolerance test(IVGTT)was performed.Area under the Curve of insulin(AUCins)and acute jnsulin response(AIR)phase were calculated to assess their early insulin secretion.Homeostasis model assessment β-cell function index(HOMA2-%B)and homeostasis model insulin resistance index(HOMA2-IR)were used to assess their β-cell function and insulin resistance.Results Fat and lean mass in the upper and lower extremities.trunk and whole body and BMD in those women increased with increasing of their BMI(P＜0.05),particularly in fat mass.as well as their otller parameters including plasma insulin level at zerominute of IVGTT(IVGTTins0),AUCins.HOMA2-%B and HOMA2.IR(all P＜0.01).BMD in the upper and lower extremities,trunk and whole body showed a positive correlation with BMI,FPG,lean mass and/or fat mass.respectively(P＜0.05).BMD of the trunk and whole body also had a positive correlation with TVGTTins0,AIR,AUCins and HOMA2-IR.respectively(P＜0.05).Results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that HOMA2-%B and HOMA2-IR correlated with BMD in a linear pattern.As the vailable body composition was added to the regression model.HOMA2 parameters would be removed from the model.Results of partial correlation analysis showed that islet β-cell function did not correlate with BMD after controlling body composition factors.Conclusions Insulin resistance or islet β-cell function compensation accompanied in obese women with main increase in fat mass have little benefit for their BMD,which may reflect indirectly their change in body compositions.Body composition,especially lean nlass,is the most important determinants of BMD in obese women.

Objective:To establish the test method for histamine-like substances in pirarubicin. Methods:According to the meth-od described in the appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition), the test for histamine-like substances was carried out. Re-sults:The test for histamine-like substances had no interference under the condition with pirarubicin concentration of 0. 01mg·ml-1 . The established test method for histamine-like substances in pirarubicin was applied in 10 samples, and the results were accordant with those of the test method for depressor substances. Conclusion:The test method for histamine-like substances in pirarubicin is feasible with the limit of 1 μg·mg-1 .

Objective To investigate the minimal persistent pigment dose (MPPD)of normal skin to UVA in Guangzhou city,and to observe its relationship to sex,age,skin type,seasons,ITA,and the years lived in Guangzhou.Methods 316 healthy subjects were exposed to Solar 601-300,and the MPPD was measured and observed by two professional technicians after 2-3 hours.Results The average MPPD value of all subjects was (9.61±2.57) J/cm2.In male and female,the average MPPD values were (11.09 ± 2.82) J/cm2 and (9.01 ± 2.20) J/cm2 respectively,and male was significantly higher than female (P＜0.01).There was significant difference of the MPPD value in different seasons (P＜0.01).The MPPD value in winter (10.66± 2.71) J/cm2) was significantly higher than spring (9.37±2.39) J/cm2,summer (9.53±2.66) J/cm2 and autumn (8.98±2.25) J/cm2.There was significant difference of the MPPD value between different ITA groups (P＜0.01).ITA grade-3 (10.72± 2.84) J/cm2 was significantly higher than grade-1 (8.50±1.45) J/cm2 and grade-2 (9.12±2.31) J/cm2 (P＜0.01),but there was no significant difference from grade-4 (11.87±2.73) J/cm2 (P =0.93).The MPPD value in subjects lived in Guangzhou over 10 years (8.97± 1.88) J/cm2 was significantly lower than those whose residence was less than 1 year and from 1 to 5 years,respectively (P＜0.01),but there was no significant difference from those lived from 5 to 10 years (P =0.47).Conclusions The MPPD value of the subjects in Guangzhou is related to gender,seasons,ITA grade and the years lived in Guangzhou city,while there is no correlation with age and skin types.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between quantitative parameters of contrastenhanced ultrasound(CEUS) and microvessel density (MVD) of rabbit atherosclerotic plaques.Methods Twenty-six male New Zealand rabbits were damaged abdominal aortic by balloon expanded,fed with high fat 12 weeks later.Thirty two plaques were detected using conventional ultrasound examination.The maximum area,luminal area stenosis rate and the maximum thickness of each plaque were recorded.CEUS was performed on 32 plaques and enhancement images were offline analyzed quantitatively by ACQ software and the parameters such as arrival time(AT),time to peak(TTP),basic intensity(BI),and peak intensity(PI) were acquired.Enhanced intensity (EI) was calculated according to the formula:EI =PI- BI.Then the experimentalrabbitswerekilledforpathologicalexaminationandCD34monoclonalantibody immunohistochemical detection.MVD was counted under the microscope.The correlation between the parameters of CEUS and MVD was analyzed.Based on pathological findings,the plaques were divided into vulnerable plaques and stable plaques.ResultsEI and MVD of vulnerable plaques group were significantly higher than that of stable plaques group [EI:(26.36 ± 1.44) dB vs (23.90 ± 2.92)dB,t =- 3.243,P =0.001 ；MVD:(5.23 ± 1.16)/mm2 vs (2.47 ± 1.12)/mm2,Z =- 4.378,P ＜0.001].The maximum area,luminal area stenosis rate,the maximum thickness and PI,AT,TTP had no significant difference between two groups( P ＞0.05).The value of EI showed significant positive correlation with MVD ( r =0.676,P ＜0.001).ConclusionsEI can accurately evaluate the angiogenesis of rabbit atherosclerotic plaques,which can be regarded as a useful index to distinguish between vulnerable and stable plaques.

Objective To explore the effect on prognosis of attenuated plaque (AP)in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods This study was a prospective study which included 225 ACS patients who admitted to the cardiology and met the conditions between January 2009 and December 2011.Clinical data,intravascular ultrasound characteristics of plaque, blood flow in coronary angiography and cardiovascular complications within 30 days after PCI were recorded.The main form of follow-up was telephone follow-up,supplemented by patient follow-up and out-patient follow-up.Endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE).Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival rate.The survival difference between the two groups was compared using the Log-Rank test.Results Extravascular elastic membrane area (EEMA),plaque area (PA),plaque burden,remodeling index in AP group were significantly increased than those in non-AP group.Corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC)immediately after the balloon dilatation was significantly higher in AP group than in non-AP group. Recent overall complications were more frequently documented in AP group than in non-AP group,but long-term follow-up outcome of MACE-free survival curves showed no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusions Recent prognosis,not long-term prognosis,is affected by attenuated plaque in ACS patients after PCI,which help to stratify risk further and guide treatment in ACS patients.

Objective To investigate the role of cathepsin G in photoaged fibroblasts. Methods Human fibroblasts were cultured and induced to premature senescence using UVA + MOP methods. Senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) stain was used to evaluate the positive rate of aged cells. The mRNA and protein expression of cathepsin G in photoaged fibroblasts were detected by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot techniques. Results Over 98 % induced cells presented a positive SA-β-gal straining. The expression of cathepsin G, detected by Western blot, was increased to (1. 70±0. 028) times of the control. And RT-PCR revealed that the synthesis of cathepsin G mRNA was also up-regulated to 1. 42±0. 09. Conclusion The results of our study demonstrates a significant correlation between photoaged fibroblasts and cathepsin G. The up-regulation of cathepsin G may play an important role in the damages of extracellular matrix and activation of MMPS in photoaged human skin.