Objective:To investigate the effects of occlusal adjustment in the treatment of TMD . Methods: 7 cases of TMD were treated by occlusal adjusment and occlusal contact points were measured with T-scan II system before and after treatment . VAS pain analysis table was used to evaluate the pain control effect of occlusal adjustment method. Results:The number of occlusal contact points increased obviously after occlusal adjustment,and distribution of contact on two sides tended to be balanced.Pain release was indicated by VAS table . Conclusion: Occlusal ajustment method is necessary for the treatment of TMD

砄bjectire: To investigate whether the disturbed occlusion can induce TMJ degeneration. Methods: 2 Rhesus female monkeys, 1 served as experimental animal and the other as the control, were included. Right mandibular first molar and left maxillary first molar of the experimental animal were extracted. Small strings were set at the missing space to pull the neighbor teeth inclined into the space and to occlude with opposite teeth in convex to convex relation. 8 months later condyles and discs of both animals were surgically obtained and prepared for scanning electron microscopy examination. Results: Gelatin like material was found over the condyle and disc surface of the control animal and obvious rigids were found on its articular surface. On the sagittal section of the condyle cells arranged in lines of each of the three layers of the soft tissue were observed. But on the top of the condyle surface of the experimental animal there was an area from media anterior to lateral posterior where the gelatin like material twisted or even disappeared here and there. There was an area where fibers were exposed. The soft tissue layers were thinner and the cellular layer was discontinued locally. The waves on the surface of middle and posterior part of the disc were disturbed and fossae like changes were found on the inferior surface. Conclusion: TMJ degeneration can be produced by gradually induced occlusal disturbance.

0.05).Conclusions:Occlusal splint is effective in the control of TMD pain,the treatment mechanism is related to the quick improvement of masticatory muscles.

OBJECTIVEThe relationship between occlusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) remains disputed. The related epidemiological studies have been carried out focused on the occlusal characteristics in motion, for example in protrusion, retrusion or laterally extension and on some of malocclusion features. Very few studies were carried out on the intercuspal occlusion which is the most important occlusal relationship. Angle's classification of occlusion and the relationship of over-jet and over-bite are two prominent features now generally used in clinical practice for occlusal evaluation. In present study two kinds of features of occlusion were compared among TMD patients, malocclusion patients and university student volunteers, who of the laters represented nature population.

METHODS100 continued cases visiting our TMD Clinic during the year of 2 000 with complain of TMD problem, 100 malocclusion patients in continued orthodontic department records, and 268 university student volunteers were included. All subjects were with complete dentitions, except of age-related third or second molar tooth eruption difference. Study cast were obtained for all 468 subjects involved and following characters were studied. 1. Angle's classification; 2. Over-jet and over-bite relationship. Anteriorly it included cross-bite, cusp-to cusp bite, deep over-bite (without deep over-jet), deep over-jet (with or without deep-bite), open bite, and others. Posteriorly it included cross-bite, reverse cross-bite and others. 3. Abnormal occlusal index: For the purpose of quantitatively comparing the abnormal occlusal relationship of over-bite and over-jet, the occlusal index was introduced. The anterior continued abnormal was scored as 3 while posterior continued oclcusal abnormal scored as 5. The sum of the scores in the same subject was taken as his abnormal occlusion index.

RESULTS1. Ratio of Angle's I patients in malocclusion group was significantly lower than those in TMD group and US group (P < 0.05), while the later two groups had no difference (P > 0.05). 2. The ratios of anterior cross-bite and deep over-jet were higher in malocclusion group than those in other two groups. No significant difference for the other kinds of abnormal over-jet and over-bite relationship were found among the three groups. 3. The abnormal occlusion index of malocclusion group was higher than that of US group, but not than that of TMD group which had no difference with US group either.

CONCLUSIONS1. Aesthetic related anterior abnormal occlusion such as anterior cross-bite and deep-over-jet attract more attention of popular. But they had no relationship with TMD. 2. TMD patients had not significant occlusal features on Angle's classification and over-jet and over-bite relationship compared to malocclusion and nature population subjects.

Dental Occlusion ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; epidemiology ; Students ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; Universities

Objective To explore the feasibility of tracing the source of human biological samples by microbiome,and provide new ideas for case investigation.Methods Biological samples from buccal mucosa,foot arch,armpit and other parts of 10 volunteers were collected for three consecutive months.The microbial community structure of the samples was confirmed by using the 16SrRNA gene sequence information.And the microbial community diversity analysis and random forest classification prediction model were carried out.Results There were significant differences in the microbial community structure of the three parts of human body.In this study,a prediction model of random forest classification with an accuracy of more than 90%was successfully constructed.Conclusion In this study,a classification and prediction model based on the microbiome information of human biological samples was constructed to judge the source location,which broadened the forensic application scenarios of human microorganisms.

Objective To investigate the association between serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods A total of 599 patients with T2DM who were hospitalized in Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, from July 2016 to December 2018 were enrolled as subjects. According to the presence or absence of NAFLD, the patients were divided into NAFLD group with 286 patients and non-NAFLD group with 313 patients, and according to the results of abdominal ultrasound, the patients with NAFLD were divided into mild group with 111 patients, moderate group with 105 patients, and severe group with 70 patients. General clinical data were compared between groups. The independent samples t - test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and an analysis of variance was used for comparison between three groups; the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between three groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. Pearson correlation analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were used to investigate the correlation between ALP and clinical indices, and a logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors for NAFLD. Results Compared with the non-NAFLD group, the NAFLD group had significantly higher proportion of patients with history of hypertension ( χ 2 =7.864, P < 0.05), systolic blood pressure ( t =-2.226, P < 0.05), diastolic blood pressure ( t =-3.800, P < 0.05), body mass index (BMI) ( t =-11.842, P < 0.05), waist circumference (WC) ( t =-9.150, P < 0.05), fasting insulin (FINS) ( Z =-6.173, P < 0.05), fasting C-peptide ( t =-5.419, P < 0.05), serum uric acid ( t =-4.957, P < 0.05), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( t =-2.702, P < 0.05), triglyceride ( Z =-9.376, P < 0.05), total cholesterol (TC) ( t =-3.016, P < 0.05), Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) ( Z =-5.794, P < 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ( Z =-6.737, P < 0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ( Z =-4.389, P < 0.05), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) ( Z =-7.764, P < 0.05), and ALP ( t =-2.833, P < 0.05), as well as significantly lower age ( t =2.184, P < 0.05) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( Z =-5.273, P < 0.05). The severity of NAFLD (mild, moderate or severe) was positively correlated with age ( r s =0.140, P < 0.05), BMI ( r s =0.239, P < 0.05), WC ( r s =0.222, P < 0.05), FINS ( r s =0.191, P < 0.05), HOMA-IR ( r s =0.218, P < 0.05), ALT ( r s =0.188, P < 0.05), AST ( r s =0.279, P < 0.05), GGT ( r s =0.202, P < 0.05), and ALP ( r s =0.361, P < 0.05). In the patients with T2DM and NAFLD, ALP was positively correlated with HbAlc ( r =0.149, P < 0.05), fasting plasma glucose ( r =0.146, P < 0.05), HOMA-IR ( r s =0.132, P < 0.05), TC ( r =0.151, P < 0.05), ALT ( r s =0.210, P < 0.05), AST ( r s =0.192, P < 0.05), and GGT ( r s =0.297, P < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that ALP was an influencing factor for NAFLD in patients with T2DM (odds ratio=1.013, 95% confidence interval: 1.004-1.023, P < 0.05). Conclusion Elevated serum ALP is a risk factor for T2DM with NAFLD and is closely associated with hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hyperlipemia, and ALP may play a role in the development and progression of T2DM and NAFLD.