Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of autologous dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells (DC/CIK) combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in the treatment of moderate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Sixty patients with moderste and advanced HCC were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (n = 32), in which the treatment of DC/CIK combined with TACE was used, and the control group (n=28), in which TACE treatment was used only. The parameters of tumor size , serum alpha-fetoprotein , survival rate , the median survival time and quality of life , were detected in patients of the two groups before and after corresponding therapy . Results ( 1 ) After receiving corresponding treatments, the efficient rates of DC/CIK combined with TACE and TACE only were 87.50% and 64.29%, respectively, with significant difference;(2) The level of serum AFP decreased in the two groups after corresponding treatment, with no significant difference; (3) The 6-month survival rate was 96.88%and 92.85%, and the 1-year survival rate was 84.38%and 64.29%, the 2-year survival rate was 65.63%and 42.86%in the experimental group and in the control group, respectively. And the median survival time was 21 months and 17 months in the experimental group and the control group, respectively, with no significant difference; (4) The quality of life was improved significantly in the DC/CIK combined with TACE group after treatment. Conclusions Administration of DC and CIK combined with TACE can prolong the survival time, increase the survival rate and especially improve the life quality of HCC patients. It is a promising approach for the treatment of patients with moderate and advanced HCC.

Objective To explore the role of problem-based learning(PBL) nursing ward round on critical thinking capacity of nurses from surgical departments. Methods All nurses from surgical depart-ments were randomly divided into the experimental group(86 nurses) and the control group(85 nurses) by drawing lots. Objects from the experimental group received PBL nursing ward round training twice a week for 8 months, while those from the control group used the traditional nursing ward round training. The influ-ence of the different teaching methods on the critical thinking capacity of the nurses was assessed before and after the training, using critical thinking disposition inventory-Chinese version (CTDI-CV). Results Total critical thinking capacity was improved significantly in the experimental group after the training. All sorts of critical thinking characteristics were strengthened in different degree. Conclusions PBL nursing ward round training can effectively facilitate the critical thinking capacity of surgical nurses.

Objective To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in percutaneous nephrostomy for the treatment of complex renal calculi without hydronephrosis.Methods 22 patients with complex renal calculi underwent puncture and catheterization under the conventional ultrasound guidance,and then were injected with ultrasound contrast agent (SonoVue) through the needles and tubes to confirm appropriate puncture and catheterization.The display rates of puncture needle,renal pelvis,calyces,drainage tube body and distal end under CEUS were observed,and the results were compared with those of routine ultrasonography.The dosage of contrast agent,success rate and complications were also recorded.Results The display rates of puncture needle,renal pelvis,calyces,drainage tube body and distal end under routine ultrasonography were 63.64％,36.36％,63.64％,18.18％,as compared with CEUS the display rates were 100％,100％,100％,81.18％.The differences were statistically significant between CEUS and routine ultrasonography (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions CEUS guided percutaneous catheterization makes up for the inadequacy of conventional ultrasound in patients of complex renal calculi without hydronephrosis,and it can be worthy for clinical application.

Objective: : To observe whether cytokines rIL 2,TNF ?,I FN ? and anti CD3/anti glioma bispecific antibody(BsAb) can work coordinately, and to investigate how to further enhance cytotoxicity of T lymphocyte against human glioma cells by BsAb. Methods: There were 12 groups,contr ast method were used to analyze the effect of cytokines rIL 2,TNF ?,IFN ? to cytoxicity directed by BsAb by single and combined experiments. Cytotoxicity was assayed by standard 18 h 3H TdR incorporation release. Resul ts: rIL 2,TNF ?,IFN ? and BsAb could cooperatively enhance the cy totoxicity of effect cells( P

Objective To evaluate the influence of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure in dogs with or without intracranial hypertension caused by frontal intracerebral hematoma. Methods Eighteen dogs were randomly divided into three groups. In Group B and Group C, the intracranial hypertension was respectively higher than 25 mmHg but less than 40 mmHg and higher than 40 mmHg induced by autoblood clotting injection into the right frontal lobe, while Group A as control was of normal intracranial pressure. PEEP was applied in increment of 3 cmH2O from 0 to 18 cmH2O, each level lasting 20 min. The intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored by an optical fiber transducer implanted into left frontal lobe. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and central venous pressure (CVP) were recorded simultaneously. Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) was calculated by the equation (CPP=MAP-ICP). Results With increasing PEEP level, ICP increased and CPP fell in Group A; ICP fell, MAP and CPP increased in Group B; ICP fell, MAP and CPP increased in Group C. CVP increased in all groups, and the increment was significantly higher in Group C than the other two groups (P

Objective To investigate the value of CEUS in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant renal focal hyperechoic lesions.Methods Data of conventional ultrasound (US) and CEUS of 56 patients with single renal focal hyperechoic lesion were retrospectively analyzed,and differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions was performed with US and CEUS,respectively.Taking pathological diagnosis as golden standard,the diagnostic efficacy of US and CEUS were calculated and compared.Results The sensibility,specificity,positive predictive value (PPV),negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of US was 70.00％ (14/20),75.00％ (27/36),60.87％ (14/23),81.82％ (27/33) and 73.21％ (41/56),while of CEUS was 80.00％ (16/20),94.44％ (34/36),88.89％ (16/18),89.47％ (34/38) and 89.29 ％ (50/56),respectively.The accuracy,specificity and PPV of CEUS were higher than those of US (all P＜0.05).The consistency of CEUS and pathology was good (Kappa=0.761),while of US and pathology was ordinary (Kappa=0.435).Conclusion CEUS can improve differential diagnostic efficacy of renal focal hyperechoic lesions.

Objective To compare the biomechanical characteristics of new assembly of locking compression plate (NALCP) and locking compression plate (LCP) in internal fixation of femoral shaft comminuted fractures.Methods The preparation of a femoral shaft wedge fracture model (AO type 32-C2.1),six pairs of (12) femoral specimens were collected and divided into two groups randomly,with six in each group.The Group A was made up of the new assembly of locking compression plate fixation model (NALCP),and Group B the locking compression plate fixation model (LCP).The biomechanical properties of steel plates in two groups were tested by axial loading and torsional loading tests.The relative maximum displacement of fracture blocks in two groups on the X,Y and Z axes (the coronal axis was set as X axis,through the medial and lateral femur;the transverse axis was set as Z axis,through the femoral intercondylar fossa,perpendicular to the X axis;the sagittal axis was set as Y axis,perpendicular to the X and Z axis),the maximum strain,and the average strain of the steel plate were recorded.Strain distribution nephogram was produced,and the axial loading fatigue test results of Group A were recorded.Results Axial loading test:the relative maximum displacement of fracture in Group A on X,Y and Z axis were smaller than those in Group B (P ＜0.05 or 0.01);the main strain of Group A was greater than that of Group B (P ＜0.01);there was no significant difference in the average strain between Group A and Group B (P ＞ 0.05).Torsional loading test:The relative maximum displacement of fracture in Group A on X and Z axis was smaller than that of Group B (P ＜ 0.01);there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups on the Y axis (P ＞ 0.05);the main strain of plate in Group A was greater than that in Group B (P ＜ 0.01);there was no statistically significant difference in the average strain between Group A and Group B (P ＞ 0.05).There was no obvious difference in strain distribution between the two groups.In Group A,the fatigue test of axial cyclic loading was performed for 1 million times,and the NALCP was intact without deformation,loosening,or rupture.Conclusion NALCP can provide strong mechanical stability for comminuted femoral fracture.The design of bridge steel plate is reasonable,which can effectively avoid stress concentration,reduce the stress shielding of steel plate,and facilitate bone healing.

Objective To compare the stress and its distribution between our self-designed new assembly of locking compression plate (NALCP) of low elastic modulus versus conventional locking compression plate (LCP) in fixation of femoral comminuted fractures.Methods Six pairs of cadaveric femur were used to create models of middle femoral comminuted fracture.The femoral fracture models were fixated respectively by NALCP of Ti2448 with low elastic modulus (E =30 Gpa) (NALCP group) and conventional LCP of Ti-6Al-4V with high elastic modulus (E =110 Gpa) (LCP group).Axial and torsion loads were applied on the models in the 2 groups to simulate those on one leg when a person slowly walks.The relative maximum displacements on the X,Y and Z axes of fracture fragments,and the maximum and average strains of the plate were recorded in the 2 groups.Nephograms of strain distribution were made for the 2 groups.The results of fatigue test under axial loads were recorded for NALCP group.Results Both the axial and torsion loading tests showed significantly larger principal and average strains in NACLP group than in LCP group (P ＜ 0.05).However,there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the relative maximum displacements of fracture fragments on X,Y or Z axis (P ＞ 0.05).The plate strain nephograms for the 2 groups showed consistent strain distributions.The plates in NALCP group survived 1,000,000 fatigue tests under axial loads,without any deformation,loosening or breakage.Conclusion As our NALCP of low elastic modulus may be better in stress transmission and distribution,it can effectively reduce the effect of stress-shielding and promote bone healing.