Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in hospitalized patients with essential hypertension (EH) and analyze the related risk factors.Methods A retrospectivc analysis of chronic kidney disease and its influencing factors was taken from March 2014 to March 2015 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.People were diagnosed EH patients (1 020 cases).Results (1) The detection rates of proteinuria,estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD in patients with EH were 22.3％,13.3％,and 26.1％,respectively.The ratio of CKD in male and female was 26.8％ vs 25.5％ (P＞0.05);(2) With the increase in systolic blood pressure levels (as the systolic blood pressure increased 20 mmHg),the constituent ratio of CKD increased with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05);(3) The risk factors of essential hypertension complicated with chronic kidney disease were high uric acid,the history of diabetes,SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and the age (OR =2.682,2.224,1.932,1.065).Conclusions The detection rate of CKD in patients with hypertension in was high,and the blood pressure,blood glucose,and serum uric acid should be controlled to prevent and delay the occurrence and development of CKD.

BACKGROUND:There are many postmenopausal women taking hormone, which leads to much loss of bone mass, further inducing fragility fractures. The studies on the hormone exposure combined with ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic model are still immature, and the related molecular mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To establish the rat osteoporotic model induced by ovariectomy combined with glucocorticoid exposure and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS: Thirty 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank control, sham and model groups (n=10 per group). The rats in the blank control group received no intervention; rats in the sham group were clipped off a little of coeliac adipose tissue; the model rats received bilateral ovariectomy and 4-week administration of glucocorticoid. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 4 weeks after modeling, compared with blank control and sham groups, the model group showed significantly lower bone mineral density of the femur, number of bone trabeculae and bone volume/total volume, and significantly wider bone trabecular spacing. Additionally, the model group revealed the damaged bone trabecular structure and thiner cortical bone. The expression level of Runx2 was downregulated whereas both collagen type 1α1 and peroxisome proliferators activated receptor γ mRNA were upregulated in the model group. These findings suggest that ovariectomized rats exposed to glucocorticoid rapidly develop femur osteoporosis, maybe by downregulating the expression of Runx2, as well as upregualting collagen type 1α1 and peroxisome proliferators activatedreceptor γ mRNA.

Objective:To screen the optimal process of ambi-extracting of Xinyi Powder and inclusion of volatile oil.Methods:Single factor experiment was used to optimize the extraction process of Xinyi Powder by taking crushing particle size, extraction times, the amount of water added and extraction time as the investigation factors. L 9(3 4) orthogonal test was used to optimize the inclusion process of volatile oil in Xinyi Powder. Results:The optimal extraction process of ambi-extracting of Xinyi Powder was as follows: the slices were not crushed, 10 times the amount of water was added, and extracted for 3 hours; the best inclusion process of volatile oil as follows: β-cyclodextrin:water=1:25, β-cyclodextrin:volatile oil=6:1, inclusion temperature 35 ℃, inclusion time 3 hours.Conclusion:The ambi-extracting process and volatile oil inclusion process are simple, stable and feasible.

Objective:To summarize the survival rate, complications, and outcomes of 32 periviable extremely preterm infants (PEPIs) born at ≤23 gestational weeks.Methods:This was a retrospective observational study involving PEPIs born at the Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021. Clinical data of all subjects were collected and analyzed. The survival rates of PEPIs born from 2015 to 2019 and 2020 to 2021 were compared. Chi-square (or Fisher's exact) test was used for statistical analysis. Results:(1) During the study period, 32 PEPIs were admitted, accounting for 0.024% (32/132 534) of all newborns born in the same hospital during the study period. The median gestational age of the 32 PEPIs was 23 weeks (21 +4-23 +6 weeks), and the birth weight was 480 g (350-720 g). (2) The survival rate of PEPIs born between 2020 and 2021 was 10/19, which appears to be a trend higher than that between 2015 and 2019 (3/13, χ2=2.79, P=0.095), while the rate of withdrawal of treatment was 8/13 and 3/19, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=7.16, P=0.007). (3) Thirteen of the 32 PEPIs survived on discharge, including four born at 22 weeks and nine at 23 weeks. The birth weights of these surviving infants were 300-<400 g in one case, 400-<500 g in five cases, 500-<600 g in four cases, 600-<700 g in one case, and ≥700 g in two cases. (4) The most common complication was moderate and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (10/13), followed by retinopathy of prematurity requiring surgical intervention (5/13), patent ductus arteriosus requiring ligation (4/13), late-onset sepsis (2/13), necrotizing enterocolitis (stage Ⅱa or above) (2/13) and grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia (2/13). The median duration of follow-up was ten months (6-69 months), and motor retardation occurred in three infants. Conclusions:The overall survival rate of PEPIs in our hospital is relatively high, with a lower incidence of complications during hospitalization and relatively better outcome. However, further studies are required for the long-term prognosis in this group of infants.

Brain edema could be secondary to cerebral lesion caused by a variety of reasons, severe cases may result in brain herniation or even death. Accurate real-time monitoring of cerebral edema, rational application of dehydrating drugs, and timely treatment of cerebral edema were very important for patients. However, there were defects in the monitoring methods commonly used in clinical practice. Noninvasive brain-edema monitoring was a new method, which can quantify the degree of brain edema by electromagnetic disturbance and directly reflect the state of brain edema. This article reviews the application of noninvasive brain-edema monitoring in the treatment of in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury.