Objective To evaluate the effects of metformin on transforming growth factor-betal (TGF-β 1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in and invasion of the human melanoma cell line 1205Lu.Methods In vitro cultured 1205Lu cells were divided into 3 groups to be treated with serumfree culture medium (blank control group),serum-free culture medium containing 5 ng/ml TGF-β 1 (TGF-β 1 group) and serum-free culture medium containing 5 ng/ml TGF-β 1 and 1 mmol/L metformin (TGF-β1 + metformin group),respectively.After 48-hour treatment,morphological changes of 1205Lu cells in the above groups were observed by using a microscope,and photos were taken at the same time.Transwell invasion assay was performed to estimate cellular invasive activity,Western blot analysis and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative RT-PCR were conducted to determine the mRNA and protein expression of N-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9),respectively.Statistical analysis was carried out by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) test.Results Compared with the blank control group,the stimulation of TGF-β 1 could induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like morphological changes in 1205Lu cells,while TGF-β 1 combined with metformin could reverse the EMT-like morpho-logical changes.The number of 1205Lu cells crossing the transwell Matrigel per high-power field (× 200) was significantly higher in the TGF-β1 group (412.2 ± 13.427) than in the blank control group (194.1 ± 8.295) and TGF-β1 + metformin group (175.3 ± 8.693).Compared with the blank control group and TGF-β1 + metformin group,the TGF-β1 group also showed significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of N-cadherin (mRNA:6.678 ± 0.043 vs.1.000 ± 0.000,1.035 ± 0.015;protein:1.963 ± 0.016 vs.0.603 ± 0.029,0.207 ± 0.009) and MMP-9 (mRNA:5.351 ± 0.604 vs.1.000 ± 0.000,0.930 ±0.130;protein:1.243 ± 0.027 vs.0.575 ± 0.009,0.629 ± 0.008).Conclusion Metformin can obviously inhibit TGF-β1-induced EMT-like morphological changes in,the capacity to penetrate Matrigel-coated transwell chambers of and the mRNA and protein expression of N-cadherin and MMP-9 in 1205Lu cells.

This study was aimed to observe the effects on glucolipid metabolism of aqueous extract of traditional South African herb Sutherlandia. Intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) combined with high fat feed method was used in the establishment of type 2 diabetes rat model. Then, rats were randomly divided into the normal group, model group, pioglitazone group, and the Sutherlandia group. Observation was made on changes of body weight, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), blood triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C). Western blot method was used to detect IRS-1 expression of skeletal muscle in rats of each group. The results showed that compared with the normal group, body weight in the model group was decreased, and indicators of OGTT, TG, TC, LDL-C were significantly increased (P< 0.05). Symptoms such as increased drink-ing, eating and urine were obvious; and the IRS-1 expression was obviously decreased (P< 0.05). After treatment, compared with the model group, there was no significant body weight increase in the Sutherlandia group or the pi-oglitazone group. Indicators of blood glucose, TG, TC in the Sutherlandia group and the pioglitazone group were ob-viously decreased with no statistical difference (P< 0.05 or P< 0.01). In the Sutherlandia group and the pioglitazone group, IRS-1 expression of skeletal muscle in rats was obviously increased with no statistical difference (P< 0.05). It was concluded that type 2 diabetes rats induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ combined with high fat feed method can induce glucolipid metabolism disorders. Traditional South African herb Sutherlandia can obviously reduce the blood sugar level, improve blood lipid metabolism, and improve the level of insulin. Sutherlandia can improve the IRS-1 expression of skeletal muscle in rats, relief the insulin resistance, and lower blood sugar. However, the effect of its exact ways required further in-depth study.

Objective To discuss the value of early prediction and evaluation using ultrasound-guided diffuse optical tomography (US-guided DOT) of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) for breast cancer.Methods Sixty-two primary breast cancer patients were included.Before every neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery,the total hemoglobin concentration(Hb) was measured by US-guided DOT.According to the RECIST 1.1 standard,62 patients were divided into partial response (PR) group,complete response (CR) group,progressive disease(PD) group and stable disease(SD) group.According to the Miller and Payne (MP) grading system,the patients were divided into poor efficacy group(MP grade 1-3) and the effect of excellent group (MP grade 4-5).According to the postoperative pathological results,patients were divided into pathologic complete response(pCR) group and non pCR group.Hb with imaging and postoperative pathological results were analyzed.Results All of the 62 patients finished the NCT.After first cycle of chemotherapy and all chemotherapy,the value of Hb in the above groups had different degrees of decline,and the difference among the groups was statistically significant(P ＜0.001).When the descending value of Hb was 44.5 as the threshold for early prediction of NCT efficiency,the area under the curve of ROC (Az) was 0.745,and the sensitivity was 75.0％,specificity was 73.1％,positive predictive value was 79.4％,negative predictive value was 67.9％,and accuracy was 74.2％,respectively.Conclusions In the process of neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer,the decrease of Hb value is positively related to the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy.The change of Hb value can predict and evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the early time.

Objective To systematically evaluate the optimal dose of early enteral nutrition support in critically ill patients.Methods Systematic search database including PubMed,Web of science,Scopus,CINAHL,CBM,CNKI.RCTs about early enteral nutrition dose selections in critically ill patients were chosen according to include and exclude criteria by two researchers independently.Cochrane system evaluation manual bias risk assessment was used to evaluate quality of literature.RevMan5.3 Meta analysis software was used to analyze the data.Results A total of 1 571 literatures were retrieved and 8 RCT studies were included,2 713 subjects in total.Meta analysis results showed that there were statistically significant differences in mechanical ventilation time,incidence of diarrhea,and utilization rate of gastro dynamic drugs between trophic feeding and full feeding (P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in mortality,length of stay,incidence of nosocomial infections,reflux,vomiting,constipation,etc.(P＞0.05).Conclusions Trophic feeding has familiar effects on mortality,length of hospital stay compared to full feeding,but it can help to shorten ICU mechanical ventilation time,improve the gastrointestinal tolerability.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum iron(SI)metabolism and glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 170 T2DM patients hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology,Lanzhou University First Hospital from 2019 to 2021 were included.During the same period,30 healthy individuals from physical examination center were selected as the normal control(NC)group.Based on HbA1c control,T2DM patients were divided into subgroups with good blood glucose control(H1,HbA1c＜7%,n=39),poor glucose control(H2,7%＜HbA1c＜9%,n=63)and very poor glucose control(H3,HbA1c＞9%,n=68).According to the level of blood lipids,T2DM patients were divided into subgroups with normal blood lipids(L1,n=36)and high blood lipids(L2,n=134).Results Compared with NC group,age,SBP,DBP,BMI,serum ferritin(SF),FPG,FIns,HOMA-IR,TyG,TG,LDL-C and SUA increased inT2DM group(P＜0.05),while SI,TF,total iron binding capacity(TIBC),DI,HDL-C and eGFR decreased(P＜0.05).The levels of TF and TIBC in H3 subgroup were lower than those in H1 subgroup(P＜0.05).LDL-C of L2 subgroup was higher than that of L1 subgroup(P＜0.05),while HDL-C was lower than that of L1 subgroup(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that SF was positively correlated with HbA1c,TyG,TG and SUA(P＜0.05),and negatively correlated with HDL-C and eGFR(P＜0.05).TF was positively correlated with HDL-C and eGFR(P＜0.05),but negatively correlated with age,SBP,DBP,TyG and SUA(P＜0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that SF and FPG were influencing factors for HbA1c in T2DM patients.Conclusion SI metabolism is closely related to glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM patients.