Epilepsy ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Humans ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism

Objective To observe the imaging features of primary lymphoma of bone (PLB) on MRI and PET, and to assess the value of MRI combined with PET for PLB. Methods Sixteen patients with pathologically confirmed PLB were collected, and the MRI and PET appearances were analyzed retrospectively. Results Single bone infiltration was detected in 15 patients (5 in femurs, 3 in vertebro, 3 in right iliums, 2 in tibias, 1 in radius and 1 in maxillae), while multiple bones infiltration were noticed in 1 patient (lesion located in manubrium sterni and the 7th right rib). MRI demonstrated heterogeneous focal-lamellar or diffuse signal intensity within marrow, isointense or hypointense on T1WI and slightly hyperintense on T2WI with homogeneous or heterogeneous enhancement. Severe soft tissue mass was seen in all 16 patients, the range of soft tissue mass was larger than osseous lesion in 15 patients and equal to osseous lesion in 1. Most PLB were homogeneous isointense or slightly hypointense on T1WI and homogeneous or heterogeneous slight-hyperintense on T2WI with slightly or moderately homogeneous or heterogeneous enhancement, while in 3 patients showed single vertebral compression fracture with local epidural- and/or paravertebral-soft tissue, and the range of soft tissue larger than the pathologic vertebrae. PET was performed before operation in 13 patients, showing local increasement of glycometabolism and uptake of radioactive nuclide without abnormality for other sites. For three patients of primary lymphoma of vertebrae underwent PET after operation, and recurrence was detected in 1 patient after 2 months. Conclusion Large soft mass with small osseous destruction and relatively hypointensity on T2WI is somehow characteristic for PLB. PET features of PLB are not specific, but has some advantages in determining the nature of lesion, differentiating lesions and follow-up after operation. MRI combined with PET is an appropriate imaging method for PLB.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility in hearing-impaired children.Methods:From March to April 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to select 33 hearing-impaired children from a special education school in Meizhou City, Guangdong Province, and 35 normal-hearing children from two ordinary schools as participants. Inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility of the participants were assessed by the Flanker task and the dimensional change card sorting (DCCS) task. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software, and independent sample t-test was used to compare the differences in reaction time and accuracy rate between two groups of participants. Results:There were no significant differences in the Flanker task reaction time ((558.39±123.65) ms vs (566.11±118.20) ms) and accuracy rate((0.93±0.10) vs (0.96±0.04))between hearing-impaired children and normal-hearing children ( t=-0.295, -1.645, both P>0.05). The hearing-impaired children had significantly longer reaction time ((1 019.60±131.08) ms)than the normal-hearing children ((857.85±129.19) ms) ( t=4.046, P=0.001) in the DCCS task, while there was no statistically significant difference in the accuracy rate between hearing-impaired children (0.62±0.16) and normal-hearing children (0.57±0.15) ( t=-1.602, P>0.05). Conclusion:There is no difference in inhibitory control ability between hearing-impaired children and normal-hearing children, but the hearing-impaired children have a lag in cognitive flexibility.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on body fat redistribution and muscle mass in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 76 patients with body mass indexes (BMI)≥24 kg/m, who had an established diagnosis of T2DM in our department between December, 2014 and September, 2015. We divided these patients according to their BMI in overweight group (BMI of 24-27.9 kg/m, =14), obese group (BMI of 28-31.9 kg/m, =35) and severely obese group (BMI≥32 kg/m, =27). All the patients received treatment with GLP-1RAs (Exenatide or Liraglutide) for 3.0 to 29.0 weeks (mean 8.9 weeks), and their blood glucose, HbA1c and serum lipids were analyzed. For each patient, the fat and muscle masses were analyzed using a human body composition analyzer (JAWON-IOI353, Korea) before and after GLP-1RAs treatment. RESULTS: Treatment with GLP-1RAs significantly decreased BMI and visceral adiposity index (VAI) in all the patients in the 3 groups ( < 0.05). The treatment significantly decreased the body weight in the overweight group and obese group by 2.70 kg (0.60-4.95 kg) and 2.65 kg (1.45-6.40 kg), respectively ( < 0.05), and significantly decreased the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in the overweight group ( < 0.05). The obese and severely obese patients showed significantly decreased percentage body fat (including both subcutaneous and visceral fat) and increased muscle mass after the treatment ( < 0.05). Compared with those in the overweight group, the percentage body fat and VAI were significantly decreased in the obese group after the treatment ( < 0.05), and the percentage of subcutaneous fat reduced and the muscle ratio increased more obviously in the obese and severely obese patients ( < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS GLP-1RAs treatment can significantly lower BMI and improve body fat distribution in obese patients with T2DM, especially in patients with a greater BMI.
Adipose Tissue ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Retrospective Studies