AIM: To investigate the effect of erythromycin on the level of transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1) and ?-glutaglutamylcysteine synthetase(?-GCS) in smoking rats,and to explore the antioxidate therapeutic role of erythromycin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.METHODS: Wistar rats were exposed to cigarettes smoking to establish the model.After passive smoking for 4 weeks,erythromycin intragastric intervention was administered continuously for 8 weeks.The expiratory airway resistance and lung compliance were assessed and the expression levels of TGF-?1 and ?-GCS proteins(and the mRNA) in airway endothelial cells and alveolar macrophages were observed respectively by immunohistochemical,immunocytochemical and(in situ) hybridization.RESULTS: The expiratory airway resistance was increased and the lung compliance was degraded significantly in smoking group and erythromycin group,compared to control group.In erythromycin group,the airway resistance was lower and the lung compliance was higher than that in smoking group(P

Objective To explore the optimal method of treatment for radiation proctitis by keeping coloclysis with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including administation temperature, infusion time, dosage and catheter depth. Methods The orthogonal experimental design was adopted. Sixty-three patients with radiation proctitis were randomly divided into 9 groups, and they were under enema for 6 weeks according to different test conditions. TCM syndrome score, radiation injury effect and Karnofsky scores were set as evaluation indexes. An orthogonal design and analysis of variance were conducted for optimization. The best technical schemes for traditional Chinese herb in treating radiation proctitis were obtained. Results The obtained optimum methods are:drug temperature of (39±0.5)℃, infusion time of 30 minutes, dosage of 100 mL, catheter depth of 20 cm. Conclusion The optimal scheme of enema for the treatment of radiation proctitis is reasonable and feasible.

Objective To explore the effect of purification on monoclonal antibody (MAb) against PGRP by Protein A-Sepharose affinity chromatography, and to provide some based data for the purification of other antibody using the same method. Methods The ascites which include MAb was purified by Protein A-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The purity and activity of MAb was tested by SDS-PAGE and ELISA. The biological function was identified by flow cytometer and immunohistochemistry. Results The average concentration of protein in ascites before purification is 23.62 mg/ml. Before and after purification, the total protein is 148.79 mg and 146.67 mg, respectively. The recovery coefficient of protein is 98.58%. The concentration of MAb in ascites is 5.21 mg/ml averagely. The MAb purity is more than 95 %. The immunoactivity of purified antibody is higher than that of unpurified antibody. Conclusion The purity of MAb against PGRP purified by Protein A-Sepharose affinity chromatography is very high. The immunoactivity of purified antibody is higher than that of unpurified antibody. So the ProteinA-Sepharose affinity chromatography is a rapid, convenient and reliable method for the purification of MAb Against PGRP.

Objective The value of pro-gastrin releasing peptide ( PGRP) which is the tumor marker of small cell lung canc-er has become a hot topic in recent years .The research was to build a new enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay ( ELISA) method ai-ming at detecting the concentration of PGRP in patients′serum. Methods We utilized synthetic PGRP epitopes for the screening of the monoclonal antibodies , labeled the screened monoclonal antibodies with horseradish peroxidase by modified sodium iodide method , and then established double antibody sandwich ELISA which could be used to detect the serum concentrations of PGRP in cancer pa -tients. Results We successfully screened E 12 mAb which could be served as the coating antibody and ED 1 mAb as the labeled anti-body.The standard antibody density range of new ELISA was 33 pg/mL~1.7 ×104 pg/mL.The comparison experiments between our method and the commercially available ELISA kit showed no significant difference ( P>0.05).The specificity of our method was 50%, and the sensitivity was 100%, while IBL kit was 92.2% and 100% respectively. Conclusion New ELISA can be used to detect the serum PGRP concentration in patients with small cell lung cancer .

Objective To analyze risk factors for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in inpatients with type 2 diabetes.Methods A total of 930 inpatients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the study and grouped according to different levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),albuminuria,and diabetic retinopathy.Logistic regression analysis was adopted to explore the risk factors for DKD in inpatients with type 2 diabetes.Results (1) The prevalence of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was increased with declining eGFR (P ＜ 0.05).(2) The prevalences of DKD and non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were 22.26％ and 8.92％,respectively.Compared with patients with NDRD,patients with DKD had longer diabetic duration,higher levels of systolic blood pressure,serum creatinine,and urinary albumin excretion,and lower levels of hemoglobin[(125.40 ± 21.95 vs 138.18 ± 19.67) g/L],serum albumin[(37.45 ± 5.54 vs 40.55 ± 3.55) g/L],and eGFR[(89.66 (59.10-108.25) vs 103.15 (85.39-114.88) ml · min-1 · (1.73 m2)-1,all P＜0.05].(3) Logistic regression analysis showed that age,diabetic duration,systolic blood pressure,serum uric acid,diabetic retinopathy,and hypertension are the independent risk factors for diabetic kidney disease in inpatients with type 2 diabetes,while serum albumin was the protective factor (all P＜0.01).Conclusions A variety of clinic risk factors were associated with DKD.Better control of blood pressure,serum uric acid,and hypoalbuminemia should be performed to delay the progress of DKD.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin on the expressions of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) and fibronectin in the kidney of ApoE gene knockout mice.

METHODSEight-week-old male ApoE gene knockout mice were randomly divided into sitagliptin + apoE(-/-) group and apoE(-/-) group (n=6), with 6 C57BL mice as the normal control group. After feeding with high-fat diet and drug treatment for 16 weeks, the mice underwent intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and were measured for 24-h urinary albumin using ELISA. All the mice were then sacrificed to examine the changes of blood lipid profile and for detection of Egr-1 and fibronectin mRNA and proteins in the renal tissue using real-time PCR and Western blotting.

RESULTSThe mice in both apoE(-/-) group and sitagliptin+apoE(-/-) group all showed prominently increased blood lipids as compared with the control group (P<0.05) without significant differences between the two apoE(-/-) groups. The level of HDL was significantly higher in sitagliptin +apoE(-/-) group than in apoE(-/-) group (P<0.001) and control group (P<0.001). IPGTT showed no significant differences in the levels of blood glucose among the 3 groups. The excretion of urinary albumin was increased in apoE(-/-) group compared with the control group (P<0.01), but was significantly lower in sitagliptin+ apoE(-/-) group than in apoE(-/-) group (P<0.01). Real-time PCR and Western blotting showed significantly decreased mRNA and protein expressions of renal cortical Egr-1 and fibronectin in sitagliptin+apoE(-/-) group compared with apoE(-/-) group.

CONCLUSIONSitagliptin can reduce the renal expression of fibronectin by regulating the expression of Egr-1 to achieve renal protection.

Animals ; Apolipoproteins E ; genetics ; Diet, High-Fat ; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Early Growth Response Protein 1 ; metabolism ; Fibronectins ; metabolism ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sitagliptin Phosphate ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of metformin in protecting against advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced apoptosis in human primary dermal fibroblasts.

METHODSFibroblasts were exposed to 100, 200, or 300 µg/mL AGEs, 300 µg/mL bovine serum albumin (BSA), or 300 µg/mL AGEs and 1 mmol/L metformin for 24, 48, or 72 h. The exposed cells were examined for cell apoptosis using a cell counting kit. The expressions of caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 protein in the fibroblasts treated for 72 h were detected with Western blotting.

RESULTSAGEs exposures caused significant dose- and time-dependent apoptosis in the fibroblasts. A 72-h exposure to 300 µg/mL AGEs resulted in obviously increased apoptosis of the fibroblasts compared to the control group (0.72 ± 0.02 vs 1 ± 0.04, P<0.05), and metformin significantly decreased AGEs-induced apoptosis (0.98 ± 0.02 vs 0.72 ± 0.02, P<0.05). The expressions of caspase-3 and Bax protein were significantly increased (P<0.05) and Bcl-2 protein expression was decreased (P<0.05) with a lowered Bcl-2/Bax ratio in AGEs-treated fibroblasts (P<0.05), and such changes were significantly reversed by metformin treatment (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONMetformin can antagonize AGEs-induced apoptosis in human dermal fibroblasts by regulating the expressions of caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dermis ; cytology ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Metformin ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA), patients′ awareness of HUA, and related factors among elderly in community.Methods:The health check-up data of 6 897 residents aged over 65 years in Gumei Community of Shanghai were collected from January 2019 to January 2020. There were 1 156 subject with increased serum uric acid levels (HUA group) and 5 741 with normal uric acid levels (non-HUA group). The differences of clinical indicators between HUA group and non-HUA group were analyzed and the risk factors of HUA was determined by multivariate logistic stepwise regression. A questionnaire survey on the knowledge of HUA and the adoption of relevant health behaviors was conducted among HUA patients.Results:The overall prevalence was 16.8% (1 156/6 897) in this population. The prevalence in males was significantly higher than that in females[26.4%(842/3 195) vs. 8.5%(314/3 702), P<0.001); and the prevalence in females increased with age (χ 2=7.56, P=0.023). Body mass index(BMI), waist circumference(WC), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and albumin/urine creatinine ratio(UACR) in the HUA group were significantly higher than those in the non-HUA group, while estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) and high-density lipoprotein(HDL) were lower than those in the non-HUA group (all P<0.01). The prevalence of hypertension, decreased renal function, overweight or obesity, abdominal obesity, fatty liver and renal cyst in HUA group was significantly higher than that in non-HUA group (all P<0.01). High values of TG, low-density lipoprotein(LDL), WC, hypertension and fatty liver were risk factors for HUA( OR=1.14, 1.20, 1.03, 1.43, 2.19; P<0.01); while female gender, eGFR, HDL and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) were protective factors for HUA( OR=0.32, 0.94, 0.65, 0.78; P<0.01). The questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 090 HUA patients, and the results showed that 73.2% (798 cases) were aware of the disease after the health check-up results released; only 30.9% (337 cases) knew the diagnostic criteria of HUA, 21.1% (230 cases) knew that HUA needed life-long follow-up care, 56.3% (614 cases), 49.2% (536 cases) and 47.9% (522 cases) thought that HUA should eat less seafood, broth and soya bean products, 17.0%(185 cases) were atcohol drinker and the awareness rates of above questions in patients with gout were higher than those in patients without gout ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The study shows that the prevalence of HUA among the elderly in Gumei community of Shanghai is high, and the HUA related knowledge levels and health behavior performance are not ideal, especially for HUA patients without gout, therefore health education should be strengthened for elderly residents in the community.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on body fat redistribution and muscle mass in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 76 patients with body mass indexes (BMI)≥24 kg/m, who had an established diagnosis of T2DM in our department between December, 2014 and September, 2015. We divided these patients according to their BMI in overweight group (BMI of 24-27.9 kg/m, =14), obese group (BMI of 28-31.9 kg/m, =35) and severely obese group (BMI≥32 kg/m, =27). All the patients received treatment with GLP-1RAs (Exenatide or Liraglutide) for 3.0 to 29.0 weeks (mean 8.9 weeks), and their blood glucose, HbA1c and serum lipids were analyzed. For each patient, the fat and muscle masses were analyzed using a human body composition analyzer (JAWON-IOI353, Korea) before and after GLP-1RAs treatment. RESULTS: Treatment with GLP-1RAs significantly decreased BMI and visceral adiposity index (VAI) in all the patients in the 3 groups ( < 0.05). The treatment significantly decreased the body weight in the overweight group and obese group by 2.70 kg (0.60-4.95 kg) and 2.65 kg (1.45-6.40 kg), respectively ( < 0.05), and significantly decreased the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in the overweight group ( < 0.05). The obese and severely obese patients showed significantly decreased percentage body fat (including both subcutaneous and visceral fat) and increased muscle mass after the treatment ( < 0.05). Compared with those in the overweight group, the percentage body fat and VAI were significantly decreased in the obese group after the treatment ( < 0.05), and the percentage of subcutaneous fat reduced and the muscle ratio increased more obviously in the obese and severely obese patients ( < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS GLP-1RAs treatment can significantly lower BMI and improve body fat distribution in obese patients with T2DM, especially in patients with a greater BMI.
Adipose Tissue ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Retrospective Studies

The current document is based on a consensus reached by a panel of experts from the Chinese Society of Allergy and the Chinese Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology Group. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects approximately 8% of Chinese adults. The inflammatory and remodeling mechanisms of CRS in the Chinese population differ from those observed in the populations of European descent. Recently, precision medicine has been used to treat inflammation by targeting key biomarkers that are involved in the process. However, there are no CRS guidelines or a consensus available from China that can be shared with the international academia. The guidelines presented in this paper cover the epidemiology, economic burden, genetics and epigenetics, mechanisms, phenotypes and endotypes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, management, and the current status of CRS in China. These guidelines—with a focus on China—will improve the abilities of clinical and medical staff during the treatment of CRS. Additionally, they will help international agencies in improving the verification of CRS endotypes, mapping of eosinophilic shifts, the identification of suitable biomarkers for endotyping, and predicting responses to therapies. In conclusion, these guidelines will help select therapies, such as pharmacotherapy, surgical approaches and innovative biotherapeutics, which are tailored to each of the individual CRS endotypes.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biomarkers ; China ; Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy ; Eosinophils ; Epidemiology ; Epigenomics ; Genetics ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; International Agencies ; Medical Staff ; Neck ; Phenotype ; Precision Medicine