Objective To study the effects of several factors on bud proliferation and rooting of Dioscorea bulbifera stem with a bud.Methods Single factor test and plant tissue culture methods were applied.Results The combination of 6-BA or KT and NAA helped the proliferation of stem with a bud in D.bulbifera;high concentration sucrose led to callus growth of stem with a bud in D.bulbifera which didn′t help the proliferation of stem with a bud in D.bulbifera;Liquid culture also helped the proliferation of stem with a bud in D.bulbifera;In a certain range,the increase of NAA concentration helped the rooting of stem with a bud in D.bulbifera.But it will inhibit the rooting with concentration in a higher level.Conclusion The best proliferation culture medium of D.bulbifera,stem with a bud is MS + KT 2 mg/L +NAA 0.5 mg/L or MS + 6-BA 2 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L;For proliferation of D.bulbifera stem with a bud,the best sucrose concentration is 30 g/L sucrose,the best culture mode is liquid culture;The best rooting culture medium of D.bulbifera stem with a bud is MS + NAA 2 mg/L.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between postoperative aromatase inhibitor(AIs) -based bone metabolism and ERα gene rs9340799,rs2234693 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in breast cancer.Methods One hundred and sixty-six breast cancer patients who underwent AIs treatment(≤2 years)were enrolled and hospitalized in our hospital from October 2015 to April 2017.The ERα gene rs9340799 and rs2234693 sites were sequenced and compared subtype of lumbar spine and femur,bone mineral density BMD value and the relationship between BMD value and T value.Results The BMD of lumbar spine in patients with ERα gene rs9340799 was significantly different when compared to those of A/A,A/G and G/G(P<0.01).The BMD of lumbar spine in patients with A/A and A/G genotypes were significantly higher than those in G/G genotypes(P<0.05).The BMD of lumbar spine in patients with ERα gene rs2234693 was significantly different when compared to those of T/T,T/C and C/C(P<0.01). The BMD of lumbar spine in patients with T/T and C/T genotypes were significantly higher than those in C/C genotypes(P<0.05). However,there was no difference in femoral BMD,lumbar spine,and femur T between the 2 subtypes of patients with genotypes(P>0.05).Conclusion Aromatase inhibitor-related bone loss(AIBL)may be related to ERα gene phenotype.In ERα gene rs9340799 and rs2234693 loci,C and G alleles may be susceptible genes for aromatase inhibitor-related bone loss(AIBL).

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic etiology and clinical outcome of a child with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and diffuse mesangial sclerosis. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes of the proband and his parents. Targeted capture - next generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were carried out. Candidate variant was verified by segregation analysis in his family. RESULTS: A heterozygous missense variant of the TRPC6 gene, namely c.325G>A (p.Gly109Ser), was detected in the proband. The same variant was not detected in either parent. According to the guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants developed by American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the variant was predicted as pathogenic. CONCLUSION The missense variant of the TRPC6 gene probably underlay the diffuse mesangial sclerosis in this patient. Above finding has expanded the phenotypic spectrum of the TRPC6 gene.
Child ; Genomics ; Humans ; Mutation, Missense ; Nephrotic Syndrome/genetics* ; Sclerosis ; TRPC6 Cation Channel/genetics*

Objective To investigate the optimal blood concentration range of tacrolimus(TAC)for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome(NS)in children.Methods Children with NS admitted to the Department of Nephrology and Immunology of Hebei Children's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were retrospectively selected as study subjects.They were divided into the effective group and the ineffective group according to whether the treatment was effective or not,and the TAC threshold for effective treatment was determined by using the receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve.The children with NS were divided into a low concentration group(＜3 ng/mL),a medium concentration group(3-5 ng/mL)and a target concentration group(5-10 ng/mL)according to the TAC concentration,and the relationships between the TAC concentration and the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions was analyzed.Results A total of 160 children were enrolled in the study.The numbers of complete remission(CR),partial remission(PR),and null remission(NR)cases of NS children were 91,37,and 32,respectively,and the treatment was effective in 128 cases(80％).The ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the ROC curve(95％CI),sensitivity,specificity,and threshold of the mean trough concentration of TAC for predicting the efficacy of the treatment were 0.779(0.704,0.853),62.5％,84.45％,and 3.33 ng/mL,respectively.In terms of clinical efficacy,CR and PR were lower and NR was higher in the low concentration group compared with the target concentration group(P＜0.05);whereas,CR was lower and PR was higher in the medium concentration group(P＜0.05),and the difference in NR was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).In terms of different hormone-responsive phenotypes of NS,the CR of the low concentration group was lower(P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference in CR and PR between the medium concentration group and the target concentration group(P＞0.05).As for the different pathological types of NS,CR was lower in the low concentration group when compared with the target concentration group or medium concentration group(P＜0.05);while the differences in CR and PR between the medium concentration group and the target concentration group were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Regarding adverse reactions,the incidence of limb tremor and abnormal blood glucose was significantly higher in the target concentration group than in the other two groups(P＜0.05).In addition,the differences in serious infections and hypertension among the three groups were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion When TAC is used to treat NS in children,the recommended TAC concentration range is 3-5 ng/mL.

Objective This study aims to establish a non-puerperal mastitis (NPM) rat model by simulating hyperprolactinemia and immune-inflammatory states, and to evaluate its local inflammatory characteristics in the mammary gland, thereby laying the foundation for research on the diagnosis and treatment of this clinically challenging disease. Methods Twelve SPF-grade Wistar female rats were evenly divided into a control group and a model group. During the experiment, the control group received no experimental treatment or medication. The model group received daily subcutaneous injections of 100 mg/kg metoclopramide hydrochloride for 7 consecutive days. Serum prolactin (PRL) levels were measured using ELISA on the 10th, 20th, and 30th days after the first injection. After 7 days of injections, 200 μL of lactating SD rat milk was mixed with 200 μL of complete Freund's adjuvant to prepare an oil-in-water emulsion, which was administered by multiple subcutaneous injections into the back of the Wistar rats for the initial immunization. Seven days after the initial immunization, the emulsion was injected subcutaneously into the third, fourth, and fifth mammary glands for the final immunization. After the final immunization, the rats were observed for 28 days for changes in mammary gland appearance, and the size of mammary nodules was calculated. On the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 28th days, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to analyze mammary tissue morphology. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect CD138 expression levels. ELISA was used to measure the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in mammary tissue to comprehensively assess the model. Results Rats in the model group exhibited mammary skin ulceration and foul odor at the ulcer sites. Palpation and ultrasound revealed the formation of mammary nodules. HE staining showed that on the 3rd day after the final immunization, normal ductal and lobular structures in the mammary glands disappeared, with significant infiltration of plasma cells. On the 7th day, ductal dilation, epithelial necrosis and detachment, and pronounced periductal plasma cell and lymphocyte (predominantly T-lymphocytes) infiltration were observed. On the 14th day, there was a proliferation of fibrofatty tissue, small blood vessels, and granulation tissue, with scattered plasma cells in the interstitium. By the 28th day, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous tissue proliferation were reduced, with granuloma formation. Serum PRL levels in the model group were significantly increased on the 10th day (P<0.05) and the 20th day (P<0.001). IL-6 and TNF-α levels in mammary tissue were higher in the model group compared to the control group on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 28th days (P<0.05). IL-1β levels were higher on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days compared with the control group (P<0.01) but lower than the control group on the 28th day (P>0.05). iNOS levels were significantly higher on the 7th day after the final immunization (P<0.001). Conclusion A successful NPM model was established in rats, which exhibited typical pathological features such as local mammary masses, abscesses, ulcers, ductal dilation and plasma cell infiltration. This model can serve as a foundation for further research into the diagnosis and treatment of this clinically challenging disease.