Objective: To explore the association of the interaction between vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia with the comorbidity risk of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, so as to provide the theoretical basis for prevention and control of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Methods: The data for the study was obtained from the population aged 6-17 in Hebei Province during the 2022-2023 monitoring of nutrition and health status of Chinese residents. A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct questionnaire surveys, physical measurements, and laboratory tests on 2 118 children and adolescents. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia with overweight and obesity, and multiplication and addition models were used to analyze the interaction of vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia with overweight and obesit. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the surveyed children and adolescents was 67.80%, the incidence of dyslipidemia was 24.46%, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 41.97%. After adjusting for confounding factors, the results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there was no multiplicative interaction of vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia with overweight and obesit ( OR=0.90, 95%CI=0.57-1.43, P >0.05). However, the risk of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia was 3.99 times higher than that of those with sufficient vitamin D and normal blood lipids ( OR=3.99, 95%CI=2.93-5.45, P <0.01). There was a positive additive interaction between vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia, with relative excess risk of interaction, attributable proportion of interaction and synergy index of 14.40, 81.50% and 7.35, respectively. Conclusions For children and adolescents, there is a synergistic effect between vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia, and the coexistence of both increases the risk of overweight and obesity. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to timely supplement vitamin D and maintain normal blood lipid levels, to reduce the occurrence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of eating out among children and adolescents aged 6-17 in Hebei Province, and to explore the association between eating out and overweight/obesity. Methods: Data came from Children and Nurse Nutrition Health Monitoring of China during 2016-2017. Questionnaire surveys and anthropometric measures was conducted among 3 330 children aged 6-17 in 12 survey sites. Multivariate Logistics stepwise regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of eating out and the relationship between eating out and overweight/obesity. Results: The proportion of eating out was 16.19%, and the rate of overweight and obesity was 29.43%. Multivariate analysis showed that the older children (junior high school students:OR=1.36; high school students:OR=3.57, both P<0.05) and adolescents from highincome families (10 000~<20 000 CNY:OR=1.48; ≥20 000 CNY:OR=2.93, both P<0.05) were more likely to eat out. Children and adolescents living in rural areas (OR=0.20, P<0.01), nononlychild (OR=0.76, P=0.02), day school students (OR=0.21, P<0.01), and the primary caregivers of the elderly (OR=0.69, P=0.03) were less likely to eat out. In addition, eating out was statistically associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity (OR=1.31, P<0.01). Conclusion Eating out is common among children and adolescents aged 6-17 in Hebei Province. Residency, age, household income, onechild family, boarding and and eating out behaviors of primary caregivers are associated with eating out among children and adolescents. Eating out may increase the risk of overweight/obesity in children.

In recent years, the potential value of nonstructural protein (NSP) 2C was well documented for distinguishing foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in infected animals and vaccinated animals. In order to develop a more sensitive approach to detect natural infected FMDV while there is no interact with vaccinated FMDV, we incorporated a major epitope region of 2C with whole 3AB coding region within NSP and expressed in Escherichia coli. We got a 47.6 kD fusion protein named 2C'3AB. The product showed a specific reactivity with FMDV from serum of infected animal by using Western blotting analysis. This suggests that this protein could be applied to distinguish infected FMDV and vaccinated FMDV. We further compared 2C'3AB protein with 3ABC fusion protein, another available protein used for detecting infected FMDV, using indirect ELISA assay. The results showed that 2C'3AB-ELISA had higher sensitivity than that of 3ABC-ELISA for distinguishing infected FMDV and vaccinated FMDV of sera from epidemic region. Therefore, this recombinant protein 2C'3AB is a good candidate protein to develop more sensitive method to differentiate infected FMDV and vaccinated FMDV from vaccinated animals. This finding will increase our capability to check the infectious virus carrier and finally improve FMDV infection control.
Animals ; Antibody Specificity ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Epitopes ; immunology ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus ; genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism