Objective To optimize the indicator system of the scientific research influence of the tertiary hospitals in China for future use.Methods 200 tertiary hospitals was randomly selected in China and the indicator data were collected.Statistics methodologies including coefficient of variation,coefficient of correlation and principal component analysis were adopted to screen the indictors.Results 3 indicators including the number of researchers,the number of drug clinical trial institution and the cited frequency of the Chinese papers were removed in the new indicator system.There was high correlation between the modified indicator system and the primary one.Conclusions The optimized indictor system in our study is scientific and simple.It can be used for evaluating the scientific research influence of the tertiary hospitals in China.

Objective To apply the combination evaluation model in the comprehensive evaluation of sci-tech influence of hospitals in China.Method 42 Grade-Ⅲll hospitals were selected and evaluated by analytic hierarchy process (AHP),principal components analysis and entropy method.Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W) was applied to check the coherence of the evaluation results from the three methods above.Average method,Borda method,Copeland method and fuzzy Borda method were used for combining the single evaluation result.Spearman rank correlation was then used for testing whether the combination evaluation results matched the single evaluation result.Result Kendall's W correlation test showed consistency among three single evaluation results.A strong correlation between each combination evaluation result and the single evaluation result was observed by Spearman rank correlation analysis.The average method was chosen as the best method based on the Spearman rank correlation coefficient.Conclusion The study confirmed that the combination evaluation method can be applied in evaluating sci-tech influence of hospitals in China.

Objective To investigate interleukin 10 (IL 10,Th2 type cytokines) and interferon gamma (IFN ?,Th1 type cytokines) secreting capacity by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in 30 patients with systemic lupus erythematousus (SLE) and 10 healthy individuals,and try to understand the role of Th1/Th2 balance in the pathogenesis of SLE.Method Sandwich ELISA was used to measure IL 10 and IFN ? level in the supernatant of culture from PBMCs.Results The level of IL 10 produced spontaneously by PBMCs in active stage was significantly higher than in static phase and healthy person ( P 0 05).Conclusion These data suggest that the Th2 type cytokine (IL 10) was increased in patients with SLE,and an imbalance towards Th2 predominance may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of SLE.Regulating IL 10 level may provide a new approach for the treatment of SLE.

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is used to evaluate the efficiency of 41 tertiary hospitals in 2015 in Beijing.The possible causes of non-DEA effective hospitals are analyzed,and the direction and measures of non-DEA effective hospitals to promote scientific research efficiency are put forward.

Objective To explore the optimal time and sequence for getting the best magnetic resonance (MR) imaging when MR image of synovium macrophages was used for the diagnosis of collageninduced arthritis (CIA) in a rat model,and whether it can be used to monitor the efficacy of drug treatment.Methods CIA was induced by subcutaneous injection of chicken type Ⅱ collagen and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA).Arthritis rats were randomly divided into the model group,the leflunomide group and the control group.Knees of the model group rats were imaged before and 24 h,48 h,72 h after USPIO intravenous administration (300 μmol Fe/kg) on day 28,29,30,31,respectively.From day 28,the leflunomide group was given a gauge of drug at a dose of 8 mg/kg.Then they were imaged before and 24 hours after USPIO administration on day 42,43 respectively.MR sequences included SE T1WI,SE T2WI,GRE T2 * WI.After the completion of MR imaging,rats were sacrificed to obtain histopathologic samples of synovial membrane.LSD-t test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical analysis.Results No distinct signal enhancements were observed on the 24 h,48 h,72 h post-contrast enhancement on T1WI.On T2WI,signal intensity ratio of synovium (SNR) pre-contrast and 24 h,48 h post-contrast were 24.13±1.96,17.09± 1.23,19.14±0.91,respectively.On T2 * WI,SNR pre-contrast and 24 h,48 h post-contrast were 22.28±0.92,11.40±0.53,17.18±0.63,respectively.Distinct signal changes were observed on 24 h,48 h post-contrast on T2WI and T2 * WI (P＜0.05).The changes between SNR at 24 h,48 h,72 h post-contrast and pre-contrast were-29.09±2.42,-20.83±2.90,-6.2±2.9 respectively on T2WI,which were-48.4±1.3,-22.9±0.8,-8.2±1.6 respectively on T2 * WI.Changes were more obvious at 24 h post-contrast than 48 h post-contrast on both T2WI and T2 * WI (P＜0.05).The quantitative analyses were coinci-dent with the visual differences in signal changes between pre-contrast and post-contrast images.Difference between △SNR of leflunomide group and the control group on T1WI was not significant,while that on T2WI and T2 * WI were significantly different (P＜ 0.01).Histological examination confirmed the uptake of iron in the macrophages of arthritic knees.Signal intensity changed more on GRE T2 * WI than SE T2WI in all arthritis rats.Conclusion GRE T2 * WI is more sensitive for the diagnose of rat CIA,and 24 h post-contrast is better than 48 h and 72h post-contrast to get better images.We successfully observed the effects of leflunomide through signal changes of synovium,and the technique maybe contribute to diagnosis and therapeutic monito-ring of rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective To explore whether inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) could mediate lupus nephritis(LN) in BXSB mice and whether methyl prednisolone ameliorates LN by inhibiting iNOS expression.Methods Eighteen week old male BXSB mice (n=6) that had clinical diagnosis of glomerulonephritis were treated(i.p.) for 3 weeks with methylprednisolone(25 mg?kg-1?day-1).Controls were age- and sex-matched BXSB mice (n=6) that received normal saline only.Age- and sex- matched BALB/C mice (n=6) were used as normal controls that were treated in the same way as the BXSB controls.iNOS expression was assessed by RT-PCR and immunochemistry.Proteinuria and urinary nitrite/nitrate production were also evaluated.Results iNOS was strongly expressed in kidneys of all BXSB mice,while no signal of expression was found in kidneys of BALB/C mice by both RT-PCR and immunochemistry.Methylprednisolone reduced iNOS expression(P

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the improvement and rectification effects about prescription checking and intervention skills of pharmacists. METHODS:By retrospective investigation,2417 outpatient prescriptions and 1698 outpatient prescriptions were respectively selected from some one hospital during Oct.-Dec. 2015 (before improvement and rectification) and Jan.-Mar. 2016 (after improvement and rectification). According to standards,guidelines and references as Prescription Administrative Poli-cy,Prescription Review Management Standard(trial)and drug instructions,irrational drug use and prescription checking and inter-vention skills of pharmacists were compared before and after the implementation of rectification measures as optimizing hospital in-formation system,improving comprehensive skills of pharmacists,strengthening pharmacists'concept,establishing feedback mech-anism. RESULTS:After the implementation of rectification measures,unsuitable indications,clinical diagnosis inconsistent with medication,antibiotics use without indications,unsuitable usage and dosage,unsuitable drug combination and irrational drug use were all decreased,but repeated drug use was increased,without statistical significance (P>0.05). The number of non-standard prescriptions and unsuitable prescriptions checked by pharmacists were decreased,without statistical significance(P>0.05). The in-cidence of checking missing,excessive checking and checking error were all increased from 2.40%,0.99%,3.39% before im-provement and rectification to 0.47%,0.29%,0.77%,with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The improvement and rectification measures of the hospital can improve comprehensive prescription checking and intervention skills of pharmacists. Ir-rational drug use should be further standardized.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between TGF-?_1 over-expression and lupus nephritis(LN) in BXSB mice and whether MPS ameliorates LN by inhibiting the over-expression of TGF-?_1. METHODS: BXSB mice (experiment group, n=6) were treated (i.p.) with MPS (25 (mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1))) dissolved in N.S for 3 weeks. The other age and sex-matched BXSB mice (n=6) and BALB/c mice (n=6) received N.S. alone. Proteinuria production was evaluated once a week. The expression of TGF-?_1 in the kidney was investigated by means of immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS: MPS significantly reduced proteinuria of BXSB mice (P

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of tigecycline nonsusceptibility in carbapen-ems-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ( CRAB) strains in order to provide a theoretical basis for a reasonable use of antibiotics and the control of nosocomial infection .Methods Susceptibility testing of 120 non-dupli-cate CRAB strains to tigecycline was performed by using the broth microdilution method .Minimal inhibitory concentrations ( MIC) of tigecycline against the A.baumannii strains were determined by using the broth mi-crodilution method before and after exposing the strains to Carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), which was the efflux pump inhibitor .Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amply the ef-flux pumps genes including adeB, adeJ, adeG, abeM, adeE, adeRS, tetX and tetX1.The real-time PCR was performed to measure the expression of efflux pumps genes including adeB, adeJ, adeG, abeM and adeE.Results A total of 120 CRAB strains were collected including 13 (10.8%) tigecycline non-suscep-tible A.baumannii (TNAB) strains and 107 (89.2%) tigecycline susceptible A.baumannii (TSAB) strains.The MIC values of tigecline to the 120 CRAB strains were in a range of 0.25 μg/ml to 8 μg/ml. The adeR and adeJ genes were detected in 90.0%and 92.5%of the 120 CRAB strains, respectively.The positive rates of adeB, adeS, adeG and abeM genes among the 120 CRAB strains were all 94.2%.None of the three genes including adeE, tetX and tetX1 were detected .The mean expression levels of adeB and adeJ in TNAB strains were respectively increased by 18.69 folds and 5.46 folds as compared with those in sensi-tive strains.No significant increase in the expression of adeG and abeM genes was observed in TNAB strains . A 4-fold decrease in the MIC was observed in 8 out of 13 TNAB isolates treated with 10 μg/ml of CCCP .The CCCP could partially reverse the resistance pattern of tigecycline .Conclusion The efflux pump sys-tems of adeABC and adeIJK rather than the abeFGH and abeM systems might play an important role in reduc-ing the tigecycline susceptibility in carbapenems-resistant A.baumannii strains.

Objective To investigate the efficiency and safety of intervention with flexible bronchoscope under general anesthesia by using laryngeal mask in patients with severe tracheal stenosis induced respiratory failure.Methods A total of 16 in-patients with respiratory failure caused by severe tracheal stenosis admitted from September 2009 to March 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.A comprehensive bronchoscopic intervention for the complete patency of airway was successfully performed with various techniques such as cryotherapy,electrocautery,balloon dilatation,and implantation of selfexpanding metal stents under genersl anesthesia by using laryngeal mask.The efficiency of comprehensive bronchoscopic intervention and dyspnea score were evaluated by chest CT scan and bronchoscopic examination before and after the treatment.Data were expressed as ((x-)± s).Paired t test was used for statistical analysis of the data.Results The degrees of tracheal stenosis and dyspnea score before and after intervention were (85.0±8.4)％ vs.(20.9±7.6)％ (P＜0.01) and (3.9±0.3vs.2.4±0.5,P＜ 0.01),respectively.There were no life-threatening complications occurred including massive haemorrhage.Conclusions It is an effective and safe technique to resolve the tracheal stenosis-induced respiratory failure with intervention by using flexible bronchoscope under general anesthesia with laryngeal mask,and it is a promising interventional treatment for clinic application.