AIM: To evaluate the antioxidant properties in vitro of Longxuejie Capsule (Sanguis draconis) (LC). METHODS: The antioxidant activities of Longxuejie Capsules were investigated by employing several external assay systems, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH?)/peroxide anion/hydroxyl radical-scavenging, reducing power assay system, peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid from yolk lipoprotein induced by Fe~ 2+ method, and ?-carotene/linoleic acid assay system. RESULTS: The LC showed scavenging activity against free radicals, such as DPPH?, peroxide anion and hydroxyl radicals. LC also exhibited effective reducing power and powerful inhibitory effects on peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid from yolk lipoprotein induced by Fe~ 2+ . Furthermore, LC showed markedly inhibitory effect on ?-carotene/linoleic acid assay system. CONCLUSION: Longxuejie Capsule has obvious antioxidant activities in vitro

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanisms and the effects of magnesium Valproate on the expressions of the kinin B1 and B2 receptors in the hippocampus of the juvenile rats submitted to pilocarpine model of epilepsy.Methods 35 healthy Wistar juvenile rats were randomly divided into six groups,that is the model groups:Ⅰ group,Ⅱ group,Ⅲ group,and intraperitoneal injection of saline water control groups:Ⅰ a group,Ⅱ a group,Ⅲ a group,after succession of 15 rats to kindle to establish the model of epilepsy by pilocarpine.To collect hippocampus tissue after the rats were to put to death,and to compared the expression levels of kinin B1 and B2 receptor mRNA by RT-PCR and western blot in the hippocampus of rats.ResultsBy treated with magnesium valproate,kinin B1 receptor mRNA (0.38 ± 0.051 ) and protein expressions(0.58 ± 0.057 ) decreased and kinin B2 receptor mRNA (0.48 ±0.056 ) and protein expressions(0.48 ± 0.044 ) increased in Ⅰ group,compared with that (0.76 ±0.068,0.89 ± 0.034;0.28 ± 0.034,0.32 ± 0.039 ) of Ⅰ a group(P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with control group,there were more significant upregulation of kinin B1 receptor mRNA and protein expressions (P＜0.05) in the Ⅰ and the Ⅱ groups and there were no alteration in Ⅲ group.The expressional levels of B2 receptor mRNA and protein were upregulated in the Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups.ConclusionThe kinin B1 and B2 receptor may play a role in the onset and maintenance of epilepsy.The magnesium valproate increased the expressional levels of kinin B2 receptor,and decreased the expressional levels of kinin B1 receptor.

Objective To study the sodium channel α1-subunit (SCN1A) gene in a pair of monozygotic twins with borderland severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEB) and its characteristic of clinical manifestations. Methods The clinical features of 2 monozygotic twins were summarized. All 26 exons of SCNIA genes were screened with denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), and direct sequence analysis was performed on those with abnormal elution peak. Results The proband and her sister showed typical clinical features of SMEB. The same heterozygous mutations on exon 26 which caused the related amino acid change were found among them (c. 5348C > T, A1783E). Conclusion Monozygotic twins with similar clinical phenotype of SMEB have same SCN1A gene mutation.

Objective To study the SCN1A gene in a family with partial epilepsy with febrile seizures plus ( PEFS+ ) and its characteristics of inheritance. Methods The clinical features of the 2 patients and their father were summarized. All 26 exons of SCN1A gene were screened with denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), and direct sequence analysis was pedormed on those with abnormal elution peak. Pyrosequencing was subsequently performed in those without abnormality in direct sequence analysis. Results The proband and his sister had the phenotype of PEFS+ . The same heterozygous mutations (AS768G) on exon 26 which caused the related amino acid change (Q1923R) were found among them. Their father had frequent febrile seizures (FS) in childhood, and seizures stopped spontaneously. No abnormality was found in direct sequence but mosaic mutation in the same site was discovered with pyrosequencing (mutation quantity was 25% ). Conclusions The mutatin of SCN1A could cause partial epilepsy. PEFS+ could be inherited, the relatives carrying the affected gene may have mild clinical symptoms, possibly resulting from the low concentration of the mutated gene due to mosaic mutation.

Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of compassion fatigue in clinical nurses,and to provide theoretical references for prevention of nurse burnout and promotion of nurse retention.Methods Totally 992 clinical nurses from ten tertiary hospitals were enrolled through random cluster sampling to complete general information questionnaire,the Professional Quality of Life Scale (Pro-QOL-V),the Resilience Scale for Adults(RSA) and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy·Health Professionals(JSE-HP).Results The prevalence of moderate and high risk of secondary stress and burnout were 71.1％,73.2％,respectively;clinical nurses with work experience of 6 to 10 years presented the highest level of burnout(P＜0.01);lower empathy and resilience,as well as adverse work environment were risk factors of compassion fatigue.Multiple regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of nurse burnout were compassion satisfaction,secondary stress,resilience,workload,recognition,empathy,and payment,which explained 70.5％ of the total variance.Conclusion Secondary stress,burnout and compassion satisfaction in clinical nurses are influenced by nurses' empathy,resilience and work environment,and nursing administrators should pay attention to receiving recognition as positive predictors of burnout,except for workload and payment.

Objective To study the influence of SCNIA intronic mutations in mRNA splicing in febrile seizures related epilepsy,and investigate the association between splicing changes and genotype-phenotype-inheritance pattern.Methods Molecular cloning of 5 SCN1A intronic mutations was performed in patients with partial epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures plus (PEFS+) and Dravet syndrome (DS) through constructing mutant and wild-type plasmids of pTragetE2-3-4-5 and E24-25-26 by using Minigene splicing assay,and the in vitro expressions in HENK293 cells were detected.The mRNA splicing changes were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and real time quantitative (q)-PCR.Results (1) Using RT-PCR,DS mutants presented a whole exon skipping without significant remain of normal mRNA transcripts,while PEFS+ mutants showed partial exon skipping or intronic insertion with coexistence of normal and aberrant mRNA transcripts.(2) Statistical differences were found between relative quantity (RQ) of aberrant and normal mRNA in PEFS+ mutant (c.473+5G＞A:4.92％±1.05％ and 6.10％±0.21％;c.473+5G＞C:7.97％±1.12％ and 3.94％ ±1.25％) and that in DS mutant (c.602+1G＞A:60.51％±1.81％ and 0.060％±0.022％,P＜0.05);similarly,there were statistical differences between relative RQ of normal and aberrant mRNA in PEFS+ mutant c.4853-25T＞A (71.22％±11.92％ and 7.38％±1.61％) and that in DS mutant c.4853-1G＞C (0.08％±0.01％ and 22.11％±2.83％,P＜0.05).Conclusion The position and difference of splicing patterns of SCNIA intronic mutations are potential molecular pathogenesis for phenotypic difference of febrile seizures related epilepsy.

A patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection was adimitted to Shanghai Shibei hospital of Jing'an District in early 2023. According to the patient's complaits， clinical manifestations， physical symptoms， laboratory examination， radiological image results， plus lumbar puncture， the patient was diagnosed with novel coronavirus encephalitis. The patient was discharged from the hospital after a combined treatment of Chinese and western medicine.