Purpose:To explore the relationship between the occurence of acute respiratory failure after subototal esophagectomy and three-field lymphadenectomy and the choice of anesthesia and management.Methods:From March 2000 to Janunary 2001,thirty-seven patients scheduled for subtotal esophagectomy and three-field lymphadenectomy with e- sophageal cancer,adopting the combination of epidural,cervical nerve block,and general anesthesia were studied.Re- sults:Seven cases out of thirty-seven had acute respiratory failure,accounting for 19% in whole group.They had complete recovery after antifectious therapy and respiratory support.Conclusions:To combine the epidural,cervical nerve block and general anesthesia can reduce intravenous anesthetics use and shorten the extubation time,decrease the incidence of postop- erative respiratory failure.

The first branchial arch (BA1), which is derived from cranial neural crest (CNC) cells, gives rise to various orofacial tissues. Cre mice are widely used for the determination of CNC and exploration of gene functions in orofacial development. However, there is a lack of Cre mice specifically marked BA1's cells. Pax2-Cre allele was previously generated and has been widely used in the field of inner ear development. Here, by compounding Pax2-Cre and R26R-mTmG mice, we found a specific expression pattern of Pax2
Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 ; Branchial Region ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Mice ; Skull