Objective To evaluate the performance of microRNA‐21(miRNA‐21) for the diagnosis of esophageal cancer .Meth‐ods Published literatures ,investigating the diagnostic performance of miRNA‐21 in esophageal cancer ,were screened .QUADAS‐2 software was used to evaluate the quality of related literatures .All analysis about relevant data was accomplished by using Meta‐DiSc statistical software .The sensitivity ,specificity ,positive likelihood rate ,negative likelihood rate and diagnostic odds ratio were pooled ,using corresponding effects models .Results Four studies met the inclusion criteria ,accumulating 202 esophageal cancer pa‐tients and 124 healthy controls .The summary estimates for miRNA‐21 in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer were with diagnostic sensitivity of 0 .85 and specificity of 0 .65 .The area under summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0 .817 4 .Conclusion miRNA‐21 might be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of esophageal cancer ,and could be used for screening and auxiliary diag‐nosis of esophageal cancer .

Objective? To explore the application of three-way connection in air bag pressure monitoring in patients with artificial airway. Methods? Totally 85 patients who received artificial airway formechanical ventilation in the 4th People＇s Hospital of Shenyang from August 2016 to July 2017 were selected and randomized into two groups in whichminimum hermetically sealed pressure (MOP) was used in the air bag to seal the airway. The artificial airway balloon for the observation group (n=43) was connected to a balloon pressure meter by three-way connection to monitor the pressure in the balloon, while the artificial airway balloon for the observation group (n=42) was connected to a balloon pressure meter by direct connection to monitor the pressure in the balloon. The changes of balloon pressure (△P=MOP-monitoring pressure) at 4, 8, 24 and 48 h post air inflation were monitored in both groups. The incidence of regurgitation and aspiration, airway mucosal injury and pulmonary infection were observed in the two groups. Results? There was no statistically significant difference in △P between the two groups at 4 h post air inflation[△P 4 h: (3.76±1.47) vs. (3.82±1.36) cmH2O; (P＞0.05)]. The△P 8, 24 and 48 h of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups [△P 8 h: (5.76±2.58) vs. (7.29±2.42) cmH2O; △P 24 h: (6.32±3.08) vs. (9.38±3.32) cmH2O; △P 48 h: (8.79±5.26) vs. (15.32±5.87) cmH2O; (P＜0.01)]. The incidence rate of regurgitation and aspiration in the observation group was 9.3%, lower than that in the control group, which was 11.9%, and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of airway mucosal injury and pulmonary infection between the two groups (P＞ 0.05). Conclusions? The use of three-way connection can reduce air leakage of the artificial airway balloon and reduce the incidence rate of regurgitation and aspiration effectively.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma).Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. A total of 41 cases of pulmonary MALToma who were admitted to multiple centers from April 2002 to August 2023 were collected, including 33 cases from Fujian Provincial Hospital, 5 cases from Binzhou People's Hospital, 1 case from the Second Hospital of Zhangzhou, 1 case from the People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and 1 case from Jinjiang Hospital. The results of pathological morphological examination, immunohistochemical examination and genetic testing of patients were summarized, their clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed, and the relevant literature was reviewed.Results:Among the 41 patients, there were 24 males and 17 females, aged (58±13) years (range: 36-81 years). The longest diameter of the tumor under the gross macroscopic examination was (2.8±2.0) cm, with a range of 0.8-9.7 cm. Under the microscope, diffuse, flakelike and nodular patterns of lymphoid tissue were seen in the lung tissue with small- to medium-sized lymphoid cells including small lymphocytes, centrocyte-like cells, mononuclear cells and plasma cells. A small number of activated cells were noted, and the lymphoid cells grew along the alveoli. In some areas, the lymphoid cells invaded the bronchi, and lymphatic follicular implantation was rare; 1 case was accompanied by large cell transformation. Tumor cells expressed CD20, Pax-5, bcl-2, and CD43, with Ki-67 proliferation index of 2%-20%, and 50% in some areas of 1 case. The positive rate of clonal B-cell receptor gene rearrangement was 100.00% (29/29); the positive rate of MALT1 gene was 18.75% (3/16), and the positive rate of API2-MALT1 fusion was 66.67% (2/3). The treatment methods included surgery, anti-inflammatory therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Follow-up for 4-143 months showed that 43.90% (18/41) had disease-free survival, 21.95% (9/41) had tumor bearing survival, 9.76% (4/41) died, and 24.39%, (10/41) were lost to follow-up. The progression-free survival of patients aged ≥ 60 years was worse than that of patients aged < 60 years ( χ2 = 5.39, P = 0.020). Conclusions:Pulmonary MALToma belongs to indolent B-cell lymphoma, and its diagnosis requires a combination of clinical imaging, pathology and immunophenotyping. If necessary, genetic testing can be used to assist in the diagnosis. The differential diagnosis should be made from pneumonia, low-grade B-cell lymphoma, and extrapulmonary MALToma with lung involvement. The treatment methods include anti-inflammatory therapy, surgical resection and chemotherapy, and the prognosis is good.

Objective: To investigate the effect of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on the biology of glioma U87MG and U251 cells. Methods: Silencing MIF gene expression in U87MG cells by RNA interference was monitored by Western blot. MIF low expressing U251 cells were treated at different concentrations of recombinant human MIF (rhMIF) and scratching test and flow cytometry were used to detect cell migration and apoptosis. The protein expression of bcl-2, bax, AKT, p-AKT was detected by Western blot. Results: The ability of migration and anti-apoptosis of U87MG cells silenced by siRNA decreased significantly, and the expression levels of p-AKT and anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 also decreased; in contrast, the expression level of apoptosis protein bax increased. With increase of rhMIF treatment concentration, the expression levels of MIF protein, p-AKT and bcl-2 in U251 cells were gradually enhanced, whereas the level of apoptosis protein bax was inhibited. Conclusion MIF promotes cell migration and inhibits apoptosis of both U87MG and U251 cells, likely through the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Obective To analyze the risk factors during pregnancy and perinatal period leading to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children using scoping review. Methods The literatures related to the risk factors of children's ADHD during pregnancy and perinatal period were searched from CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed and Web of Science, from the establishment to July 1st, 2021. The content of author, country, publication time, research object, age, sample size, inclusion time, study design, diagnostic criteria, evaluation tools and related risk factors were extracted. Results A total of 2 721 articles were returned, and 35 articles were finally included, from eleven countries. Most of the articles came from journals related to pediatrics, psychiatry, neurology and epidemiology. The researches were mainly concentrated from 2008 to 2021, mainly were controlled studies and cohort studies. The researches mainly involved the methods of diagnosis, evaluation of risk factors during pregnancy and perinatal period, and related risk factors. The diagnostic criteria of ADHD mainly were the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and International Disease Classification Standards, combined with the questionnaires used by parents and teachers to make the final diagnosis. The risk factors during pregnancy and perinatal period were extracted from medical records of birth, birth records, maternal medical history, perinatal hospitalization and outpatient records, and maternal drug use records during pregnancy, or questionnaire survey (parents/newborns). The risk factors for ADHD in children during pregnancy and perinatal period might be divided into four aspects: maternal factors, intrauterine factors, environmental factors and perinatal accidents. Among them, the maternal factors included young mother, obesity, poor living behavior, substance exposure, medical history, and nutrient deficiency during pregnancy; intrauterine factors included poor fetal development in the mother's uterus, miscarriages and the number of pregnancies; environmental factors included living environment and social environment; perinatal accidents included childbirth accidents and poor health of newborns. Conclusion The pregnancy and perinatal risk factors related to ADHD in children mainly include maternal factors, intrauterine factors, environmental factors and perinatal accidents. The poor mental health of mothers during pregnancy is the main risk factor leading to children's ADHD.

Objective To perform a visualized analysis of the current status, hotspots and frontiers of research on denervated muscle atrophy in the past five years.Methods The Web of Science core database was used to retrieve relevant documents in the field of denervated muscle atrophy, and visualized analysis was performed on CiteSpace 5.8.R3 in terms of annual number of published papers, frequency of citations, countries, institutions, authors, keywords and references.Results A total of 516 articles were retrieved from 2017 to 2021. The annual number of published papers was on the rise, and the number of citations was increasing year by year. The United States, Canada and England were high-influence countries, the University of Padua in Italy was the leading institution. The author SUN Hualin published the most articles. The authors Bodine S C and Sandri M were the main influencers. Physiological and pathological mechanisms based on cytology, molecular biology and tissue morphology, as well as prevention and treatment measures based on physical factor therapy, drugs and exercise were the research hotspots in this field. It might be coming that taking reactive oxygen species as the target and looking for multi-targeted proteolytic system drugs as the goal for prevention and treatment.Conclusion This visualized analysis has comprehensively summarized the trends and development of denervated muscle atrophy research, and identified the potential research frontiers and hot directions in the near future.

Detailed knowledge on tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is vital for more accurate understanding the molecular pathological signature and developing novel therapeutic strategies. In the present study, a spatial-resolved metabolomics approach based on air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization (AFADESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) integrated mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was proposed to investigate tissue-specific metabolic alterations in the kidneys of high-fat diet-fed and streptozotocin (STZ)-treated DN rats and the therapeutic effect of astragaloside IV, a potential anti-diabetic drug, against DN. As a result, a wide range of functional metabolites including sugars, amino acids, nucleotides and their derivatives, fatty acids, phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycerides, carnitine and its derivatives, vitamins, peptides, and metal ions associated with DN were identified and their unique distribution patterns in the rat kidney were visualized with high chemical specificity and high spatial resolution. These region-specific metabolic disturbances were ameliorated by repeated oral administration of astragaloside IV (100 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. This study provided more comprehensive and detailed information about the tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming and molecular pathological signature in the kidney of diabetic rats. These findings highlighted the promising potential of AFADESI and MALDI integrated MSI based metabolomics approach for application in metabolic kidney diseases.