Second primary malignancies are more likely to occur in the multiple myeloma patients .Most of them are Acute myeloid leukemia ( AML) or Myelodysplastic syndrome ( MDS) .The incidence in male or those multiple myeloma patients who is less than 60 years old are more than female or those multiple myeloma patients who are bigger than 60 years old.In recent years,studies of multiple myeloma secondary to leukemia and other tumors are gradually increasing ,but the mechanism and treatment are still unclear .These diseases have the follow-ing characteristics such as progress rapidly ,high mortality rate and low complete remission rate after chemothera-py.

Objective To investigate expression level of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their relationships with invasion, metastasis and prognosis of NSCLC. Meth-ods Ninety-three NSCLC specimens and paraneoplastic normal lung tissue from conventional surgery were confirmed by histology. Expression of SPHK1 and NF-κB were detected by Immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections. Primary antibody were Rabbit Anti-Human SPHK1 and Rabbit Anti-Human NF-κB p65, which were incubated 1 hour in water bath. The secondary antibody was HRP-Polymer anti Mouse IgG, which was incubated 20 minutes in water bath. Results SPHK1 ex-pression was positive in 96.8% (90/93) of NSCLC specimen which is higher than in paraneoplastic normal lung tissue in which the positive rate is 18.3%(17/93);NF-κB expression was positive in 89.2%(83/93) NSCLC which is higher than the in paraneoplastic normal lung tissue in which the positive rate is 12.9%(12/93). The expression of SPHK1 and NF-κB in NSCLC was positively correlated (r=0.464, P＜0.01). TThe expression levels of SPHK1 and NF-κB p65 in NSCLC patients with were positively related to TNM staging and lymph node metastasis. SPHK1 expression and NF-κB p65 expression lev-el were higher in the deads than in survivals. There was no statistical significance in different expression intensity of SPHK 1 and NF-κB p65 in patients with NSCLC who had differences in gender, age, tumor size, tumor location, histological type. Survival analysis showed that survival time of patients of NSCLC with high expression of SPHK1 was shorter than those in the group with low SPHK1 expression, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=14.025, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion In the process of NSCLC invasion and metastasis,SPHK1 may play an important role through NF-κB, and it can predict prognosis of NSCLC patient. Moreover, it will become a potential target for NSCLC target.

Objective To study the characteristics of cosmetic dermatosis and to determine the allergens for cosmetic dermatosis. Methods Unwanted effects of cosmetics in the 989 patients were observed and the patch test was performed in all patients with Bianmin standard screening patch test kit. Results Of them 698 (70.58 %) were contact dermatitis, 109 (11.02 %) were hyperpigmentation, and 79 (7.99 %) were acne like lesions. One hundred and eighty-nine kinds of cosmetics were suspected to be responsible for the dermatosis. 653 out of 989 patients tested were positive (66.03%). Conclusions Cosmetic dermatosis such as contact dermatitis and hyperpigmentation can be prevented and cured by guidance of patch test. The patch test should be performed in patients with cosmetic dermatosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical autopsy results of patients died of cardiovascular disease or other disease complicated with cardiac damage. Methods Complete autopsy was performed on 86 cases with uncertain cause of death. Through integrating clinical diagnosis and treatment with gross autopsy findings and microscopic observations, 86 autopsies were determined the major cause of death. Results In 86 autopsies, 69 cases were heart disease. Differences between pathological diagnosis and clinical diagnosis were compared. Twenty-seven cases were cardiac deaths, with diagnosis accrodance rate of 81. 5%. Fortytwo cases died of non-cardiac disease but complicated with heart disease or involving the heart which accelerated the death in patients, with accordance rate of 78.6%. Conclusion Scientific and correct performance of autopsy was important to determine the causes of death, to promote development of related disciplines and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases.

Objective To study the antioxidation and immuno-regulation effects of the active fraction in Jiawei Zhisou Powder.Methods Hypersensitive asthma mice were established by the miscible liquids of ovalbumin(OA)and Al(OH)3.The influences of the powder on the contents of SOD and MDA in the serum and lung tissue of mice were observed and the contents of IL-4 and IFN-?in supernatant of mouse spleen cells cultured in vitro were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.And Jiawei Zhisou Powder and dexamethasone were administered to normal mice respectively,then the immune organs weight were measured and the spleen and thymus indexes of mice were calculated.Results Compared with the normal group,the contents of SOD and IFN-?were significantly decreased,while MDA and IL-4 contents were obviously enhanced in asthma group(P

Objective To study the nosocomial infection in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods A prospective survey of nosocomial infection in 456 cases with SLE was carried out for 84 months.Result Incidence of nosocomial infection in patients with SLE was 36 4%,infection of respiratory tract accounted for 45 2%,infection rates in urinary tract,skin and other regions were 16 0%,12 6% and 26 2% respectively.Gram negative bacilli were the predominant pathogens and the pathogens had higher frequency of multiple antibiotic resistance. Conclusion The factors related to nosocomial infection were the use of broadspectrum antibiotics,prednisone and administration of immunosuppressant,etc.

Objective To investigate the expressions of RhoB and E-cadherin in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and their clinical significances thereof. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect expres-sions of RhoB and E-cadherin in 116 samples of NSCLC (NSCLC group) and 116 samples of normal lung tissues (control group). Correlations of expressions of RhoB and E-cadherin to clinical pathological parameters and prognosis were analyzed in two groups. Results The expression intensities of RhoB and E-cadherin were significantly lower in NSCLC group than those in control group (57.76%vs 87.07%,54.31%vs 85.34%,P＜0.01). There were significant differences in the expres-sion of RhoB between different pathological types, differentiation and lymph node metastasis in NSCLC group. There were significant differences in the expression of E-cadherin between different TNM stages, differentiation and lymph node metas-tasis in NSCLC group. The expression of RhoB was positively correlated with the expression of E-cadherin ( r=0.503,P＜0.01). The 3-year survival rates were significantly higher in patients with high expression of RhoB (83.93%) than those in pa-tients with low expression of RhoB (40.00%, Log-rank χ2=18.992,P＜0.01). The 3-year survival rates were significantly higher in patients with high expression of E-cadherin (85.11%) than those in patients with low expression of E-cadherin (44.93%, Log-rankχ2=16.680,P＜0.01). Further multivariate analysis suggested that both lower expressions of RhoB and E-cadherin and lymph node metastasis were prognostic indicators for NSCLC (P＜0.001). Conclusion The expressions of RhoB and E-cadherin showed a good correlation in NSCLC. Detecting the expression of RhoB combined with E-cadherin may give a clue on clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with NSCLC.

Objective To study the expression of forkhead box Q1(FOXQ1)in non‐small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) ,then investi‐gate clinical pathological characteristics of NSCLC and its prognosis in patients .Methods The expression of FOXQ1 in 84 cases of NSCLC(selected from June 2007 to December 2008 )was detected by immunohistochemistry(SP) .The correlations of the expres‐sion of FOXQ1 with clinic pathological features and survival time of the NSCLC patients were analyzed .Results The positive ex‐pression rate of FOXQ1 was 91 .7% (77/84) ,closely correlated with patients`histological type and TNM stage(P<0 .05) .The Cox multivariate analysis demonstrated that histological type ,TNM stage and FOXQ1expression were independent factors of NSCLC (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The expression of FOXQ1 may be highly expressed in NSCLC and negatively correlated with prognosis .

Objective:To investigate the expression of Gli-2 protein and nuclear proliferation marker Ki-67 in human thymic tu-mors, as well as its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was per-formed to determine the expressions of Gli-2 and Ki-67 in 64 thymic tumor cases, in which 9 were type A, 6 were type AB, 11 were type B1, 22 were type B2, and 16 were type C. Results:1) Positive expression rates of Gli-2 in types A, AB, B1, B2, and C thymomas were 1/9 (11.11%), 2/6 (33.33%), 2/11 (18.18%), 5/22 (22.73%), and 13/16 (81.25%), respectively. Statistically significant differences existed in the two sets of data (P<0.05). Positive rates of Gli-2 in the Masaoka stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ were 2/10 (20%), 12/41 (29.27%), 4/6 (66.67%), and 5/7 (71.43%), respectively. The statistical differences of these two sets of data were also significant (P<0.05). 2) The expression levels of Gli-2 in tumor tissues were closely correlated with the pleura (P<0.05) but not associated with gen-der, age, myasthenia gravis, and necrosis with hemorrhage (P>0.05). 3) The positive labeling indexes of Ki-67 in invasive and non-inva-sive thymomas were 7.14 ± 6.99 and 15.24 ± 9.13, respectively. The differences between both thymomas were statistically significant (P<0.05). 4) A positive correlation existed in the expression of Ki-67 and Gli-2 in thymomas. Five-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was lower in the Gli-2 positive group (56.5%, 13/23) than in the negative group (92.7%, 38/41). The Ki-67-positive group (61.5%, 16/26) also showed a lower five-year PFS than that in the negative group (92.1%, 35/38), with statistically significant differences be-tween the two groups (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis indicated that the Gli-2-positive group ex-pression, Ki-67-positive group expression, and invasion of the pleura were independent prognostic factors of thymic tumors. Conclu-sion:The expression of Gli-2 and Ki-67 showed a positive correlation with thymic tumors. Detecting the combined expression of Gli-2 and Ki-67 may elucidate the clinicopathological features and prognoses of patients with thymic tumors.

Objective To compare the influence of tracheotomy after two wet fluid on airway and provide the basis for clinical treatment and care. Methods A total of 30 patients with severe brain injury stay neurosurgery tracheotomy were divided into 0.45% sodium chloride group and ambroxol hydrochloride group with 15 cases each by random digits table method, two airway humidification liquid (0.45%sodium chloride,0.9% sodium chloride + ambroxol hydrochloride) were each instilled in the trachea inner sleeve. Blood gas analysis was performed and the levels of serum lung surface active substances related protein-A (SP-A protein), interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before 1 d and after 3,7,14 d of tracheotomy. Results There were significant differences in arterial blood oxygen partial pressure, arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure, oxygenation index after 14 d of tracheotomy between ambroxol hydrochloride group and 0.45% sodium chloride group:(110.72±26.75) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs.(89.39±21.98) mmHg, (30.44±6.75) mmHg vs. (35.12±7.28) mmHg, 333.23±80.56 vs. 270.93±77.21, t=29.49,-8.63,7.44, P<0.01.There were significant differences in the levels of serum SP-A protein, interleukin -6, interleukin -8, TNF-α after 14 d of tracheotomy between ambroxol hydrochloride group and 0.45% sodium chloride group:(191.34 ±1.21) ng/L vs. (61.92 ±12.0) ng/L, (2.62 ±0.23) ng/L vs. (5.42 ±0.16) ng/L, (124.56 ±2.10) ng/L vs. (185.91 ±1.48) ng/L, (31.32±1.38) ng/L vs.(69.13±1.16) ng/L, t=75.72,-13.51,-23.89,-20.97, P<0.01. Conclusions The airway humidification effect of ambroxol hydrochloride group is better than 0.45%sodium chloride group, it can improve the wetting effect, and better protect the lung tissue, reduce the incidence of lung infection, make it an ideal airway humidification liquid.