Objective To measure the serum levels of endostatin in lung cancer patients in different stages and with histological types, and explore the clinical value of serum level in early diagnosis of lung cancer.Methods ELISA was used to detect the level of serum endostatin in 81 patients with lung cancer (lung cancer group), 23 patients with benign lung disease (benign lung disease group), 20 healthy controls (healthy control group). The serum levels of endostatin were analyzed in lung cancer patients in different stages and with histological types.Results The serum level of endostatin in lung cancer group was (2.53±8.75) ng/mL, significantly higher than that in benign lung disease group (4.63±1.12) ng/mL and healthy control group (4.53±1.24) ng/mL. In lung cancer group, the serum level of endostatin of stage Ⅰsubgroup and Ⅱsubgroup was significantly higher than that of stage Ⅲ subgroup. The differences were statistically significant. There were statistical differences of serum level of endostatin among the lung cancer patients with different histological types.Conclusion Serum endostatin might be used as an indicator of early diagnosis of lung cancer.

Objective To explore the effect and underlying mechanism of Sarcandra glabra Nakai on radiation pneumonnopathy in miniature pigs irradiated with 60Co γ-rays.Methods Totally 60 miniature pigs were randomly divided into blank control group,irradiated group with 15 Gy of 60Co γ-rays,and intervention group administered with Sarcandra glabra Nakai at the dosage of 0.3 g/kg before 15 Gy irradiation.At 4,8,12 and 24 weeks post-irradiation,the respiratory rate and weight were observed,and a portion of the right lung tissue was taken out to conduct HE and Masson staining examination,while the expressions of TGF-β1 and TNF-α as well as the content of hydroxyproline (HP) were detected.Results The respiratory rate,the lung coefficient and the content of HP in the irradiated group showed an increasing trend at 4,8,12 and 24 weeks post-irradiation and significantly higher than those in other two groups (F =21.035,146.014,32.610,P ＜ 0.05).Those indicators were indistinguishable between the control group and intervention group at 4 and 8 weeks post-irradiation (F =0.055,2.456,5.581,P ＞ 0.05),while the indicators of the irradiation group were significantly higher than that of intervention group (F =91.897,93.149,83.487,P ＜0.05) at 12 and 24 weeks post-irradiation.The pulmonary histopathological results showed that no inflammatory response or fibrosis was found in the control group and intervention TGF-β1 and TNF-α in the intervention group were negatively expressed at 4 and 8 weeks post-irradiation and had low expressions at 12 and 24 weeks post-irradiation which was lower than that of the irradiated group.Conclusions Sarcandrae has protective effect against radiation-induced lung injury in miniature pigs probably by inhibiting the expressions of TNF-α and HP.

To analyze the clinical characteristics,imaging and pathological features of 1 case with partial right lung atelectasis and summarize the relevant domestic reports on the false positive of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and tumor markers.The patient was diagnosed by PET-CT as partial atelectasis and there were progressive increases of CEA,CA199 and CA242.But site of lesion biopsy showed no malignancy.After treatments of anti-inflammatory and eliminating phlegm,the tumor markers returned to normal and the lesion site had excellent re-expansion.The detection of PET-CT plus tumor markers may have false positive probability.The reason is probably related with inflammation and glandular secretion of lesion site.

Objective To study more reasonable method of radiation barrier for cervical cancer treated with external radiation. Methods The distance from cervical canals to tumor's margin in x axis was measured by B ultrasonic, around uterus were evaluated by physical examination.and the dose around uterus for patient who used fixed lead brick for radiation barrier when treated with external radiation were calculationed by TPS, in 39 case of cervical cancer treated with external radiation combine with intracavitary irradiation. Pay attention to the lower dose area around uterus. Results It might bring about lower dose area around uterus who used fixed lead brick for radiation barrier when treated with external radiation,and mass might be in above area. Conclusion Cervical cancer treated with external radiation with source axial distance (SAD), and radiation barrier with lead brick individuate may help for to avoid the lower dose area around uterus.

Objective To investigate the relationship between RKIP expression and the efficiency of radiotherapy in NPC patients and evaluate the possibility of using RKIP as a predictor of radiosensitivity.Methods A total of 180 patients with NPC in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center without evidence of distant metastasis at initial diagnosis were enrolled in this study,who had received intensity-modulated radiotherapy alone.Patients were classified into 2 groups according to criteria below:patients with biopsy proven recurrent diseases occurring at nasopharynx and/or neck within 5 years after radiotherapy were classified as the radioresistant group.The pathological type at relapse was the same as the previous one before treatment.Patients with a minimum follow-up of 5 years after radiotherapy without evidence of recurrence at the original site of the tumor were classified as the radiosensitive group.Patients in the 2 groups were matched according to the factors related with radiosensitivity.RKIP was examined by immunohistochemical staining before radiotherapy.The relationship between RKIP expression and the effect of radiotherapy were analyzed.Results The positive rate of the RKIP expression in the radiosensitive group versus the radioresistant group was 80.0％ versus 26.7％.The positive rate (x2 =12.498,P ＜0.01) and the intensity of the RKIP expression (x2 =51.429,P ＜ 0.01) were significantly different between 2 groups with a negative correlation with radio-resistance to NPC (r =-0.344,-0.535,respectively,P ＜ 0.01).Based on the RKIP expression,the radiosensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,false positive and false negative were predicted as follows:80.0％,73.3％,77.2％,75.0％,78.6％,26.7％,and 20.0％,respectively.Conclusions RKIP protein shows negative correlation with radioresistance to NPC and could serve as a biomarker in preliminarily screening the intrinsic radiosensitivity of NPC.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of induction chemotherapy with nedaplatin and docetaxel plus concurrent intensity?modulated radiotherapy ( IMRT) with nedaplatin or cisplatin in the treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods A total of 223 patients with pathologically diagnosed locally advanced NPC in five treatment centers from 2011 to 2012 were randomly divided into two groups. In the test group, one hundred and thirteen patients received two cycles of induction chemotherapy with docetaxel (65 mg/ m2 on day 1) and nedaplatin (80 mg/ m2 on day 1) plus concurrent IMRT with nedaplatin (40 mg/ m2 on day 1). In the control group, 110 patients received two cycles of induction chemotherapy with the same regimens plus concurrent IMRT with cisplatin (40 mg/ m2 on day 1). The survival rates were calculated with the Kaplan?Meier method and the differences in the survival rates between the two groups were analyzed using the log?rank test. Comparison of the incidence rates of adverse reactions between the two groups was made by the chi?square test. Results The follow?up rate was 99?? 1%.The response rates at 3 months after treatment in the two groups were both 100%. The 2?year local recurrence?free, regional recurrence?free, distant metastasis?free, and overall survival rates were 94?? 0%, 94?? 2%, 88?? 2%, and 90?? 3%, respectively, in the test group, versus 93?? 4%, 94?? 1%, 86?? 7%, and 87?? 3% in the control group ( P= 0?? 757、 0?? 478、 0?? 509、 0?? 413). The incidence rates and severity of leucopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia were significantly higher in the test group than in the control group ( P= 0?? 027 , 0?? 028 , 0?? 035 ) . The incidence rates and severity of hemoglobin reduction and nausea /vomiting were significantly lower in the test group than in the control group (P= 0?? 000,0?? 023). There were no significant differences in the incidence rates of mucositis and xerostomia between the two groups ( P=0?? 483,0?? 781). Conclusions The short?term efficacy of induction chemotherapy with nedaplatin and docetaxel plus concurrent IMRT with nedaplatin is similar to that with cisplatin in the treatment of locally advanced NPC. The mild gastrointestinal reactions can be tolerated by patients. However, the severe myelosuppression should be closely monitored during the treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of responsibility contracting system in clinical teaching.Methods One hundred and eighty eights probationers from August 2009 to July 2010 as controls were trained by functional nursing teaching. Another 192 probationers from August 2009 to July 2010 were assigned as the experiment group,and given clinical teaching by way of the Responsibility Contracting System.The teaching effects in the two groups were compared.Results The probationers in the experiment group had significant improvements in the ability to perform health education,manipulation of nursing skills,ability in observation skills,and nursing documents writing,compared to the control group(P<0?01).Conclusions The teaching mode of responsibility contracting system is effective in strengthening the responsibility of probationer nurses,attaching great importance to the implementation of basic nursing,improving students’ability in implementation of health education and performance of skill manipulation and nursing,and eventually improving the level and quality of nursing teaching?

Objective To discuss the feasibility of Monte Carlo N-particle transport code(MCNP)simulated calculation.Methods The calculation in water phantom was contrasted with the practical measurements and the reported values using the percent depth dose(PDD)curve and normal peak scatter factor.Results There Was no significant difference between calculated and measured results in the 10 cm×10 cm field(t＝-0.41,P>0.05),however,there were significant differences in the 5 cm×5 cm field(t=7.2,P<0.05)and in the 12 cm×12 cm field(t=-4.6,P<0.05).There was no significant difierence between the calculated results and the reported values(t=-1.91,P>0.05).In the same radiation field,the PDD decreased as the depth increased,but increased as the size of the radiation field increased at the same depth.PDD and normal peak scatter factor were both important parameters for calculation of prescribed dose.Conclusions It is possible to establish a set of accurate and comprehensive percent depth doses and normal peak scatter factor parameters so as to provide the basis of clinical use, quality assurance and quality control for radiotherapy.

Objective To observe the correlation between CD4+ CD29+ T cells and metastasis and radiotherapy for patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Method Seventy-one patients with lung adenocarcinoma, 93 patients with lung adenocarcinoma ,76 cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),63 cases of healthy volunteers were enrolled. Frequencies of blood CD4+ CD29+ T cells and their intracellular necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)and interleukin 1(IL-1)were compared. Compare TNF-α,IL-1,integrin beta 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)levels in the patients with transferred pulmonary adenocarcinoma or with non-transferred pulmonary adenocarcinoma and their changes with the treatment of radiotherapy. Results the patients with lung adenocarcinoma and non lung adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than that of COPD and health group,and patients with lung adenocarcinoma is significantly higher than patients with non lung adenocarcinoma (P<0.05);Integrin beta 1,VEGF and CD4+CD29+T cells,TNF-αand IL-1 level in patients with lung adeno-carcinoma metastasis were significantly higher than non-transferred group(P < 0.05);After radiotherapy,CD4+CD29+T cells,TNF-αand IL-1 in patients with lung adenocarcinoma were significantly lower than before(P<0.05);CD4+ CD29+ T cells,TNF alpha and IL-1 with integrin beta 1 and VEGF had significantly positive correlations. Conclusion CD4+CD29+T cells and cytokines increase significantly in the blood of patients with lung adenocarci-noma,and are related to the prognosis of metastasis and radiation therapy,which has important clinical significance.

AIM:To investigate the influence of ovariectomy and estrogen replacemeot treatment on profile of gene expression in myocardium by cDNA microarray,and to characterize the targeting genes of estrogen.METHODS:cDNA microarray containing 1 400 rat cDNAs was used to study the genes differentially expressed in myocardium between sham(Ⅰ),ovariectomy(Ⅱ,OVX)and estrogen replacement treatment(Ⅲ,OVX+E2)group.Then down-regulated genes in myocardium of OVX rats were further confirmed by RT-PCR.RESULTS:177 genes were differentially expressed in myocardium between sham and OVX rats,with 91 genes up-regulated and 86 genes down-regulated in OVX rats.164 genes were differentially expressed in myocardium between OVX and OVX+E2 rats,with 113 genes up-regulated and 54 genes down-regulated in OVX rats.There were 54 genes differentially expressed in OVX compared to sham and OVX+E2.They are involved in membrane channels and transporters(18),cell receptors(9),intracellular transducers/effectors/modulator(7)and metabolism(6).Most of the genes(45)were down-regulated in OVX rats and up-regulated in OVX+E2 rats.RT-PCR test confirmed the results of cDNA microarray.CONCLUSIONS:Long-term estrogen replacement may influence the expression of genes involved in membrane channels and transporters,cell receptors,intracellular transducers/effectors/modulator and metabolism.Long-term estrogen replacement has some beneficial effects on ionic concentration and cardiac function which partially comes from the results of influence of expression on Na+,K+-ATPase and Na+/H+ exchanger.Estrogen has an inhibitory effect on the expression of dopamine receptor,which partially clarify the myocardial protection of estrogen.