Objective To construct for the heredity linkage map and to study the functional gene research of Carthamus tinctorius,the factors affecting cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism(cDNA-AFLP) of C.tinctorius were investigated with developing and optimizing the cDNA-AFLP reaction system.Methods Improved Trizol method was used to extract RNA from compounds in new petals specific to safflower.With the help of M-MLV RTase without RNase activity combined with replacement synthesis method,double-stranded cDNA was synthesized from total RNA;cDNA was digested by restriction enzyme MseI/EcoRI and ligated by two steps.Then the products were provided for pre-amplification and selected amplification of different concentration gradients.After tiny modifications of system concentration,finally PAGE electrophoresis and silver-staining were performed.Results High purity and integrated total RNA for later cDNA synthesis were obtained and high quality cDNA was synthesized with the help of M-MLV RTase without RNase activity combined with replacement synthesis method.The cDNA-AFLP reaction system in C.tinctorius was as follows: 250 ng integrity cDNA was digested thoroughly at 37 ℃ for 6 h,and ligated 12 h at 16 ℃.Furthermore,the sample dilution multiplication was 10 fold for pre-amplification and 150 fold for selected amplification under the proper system concentration.According to the above reaction system,the polymorphous strips with high resolution power in PAGE electrophoresis were clear and stable.Conclusion The cDNA-AFLP reaction system established and optimized in this experiment is suitable for the functional gene analysis of C.tinctorius.

From 1988 — 1990, the plasma 6 — keto —PGF_1. and TXB_2 were detected with radioimmunoassay in 100 cases with various types of viral hepatitis. The results showed thatTXB_2 and 6—keto— PGF_1. increase and PGF~./TXB_2 ratio decreased. There was clear difference as compaied with the normal. The value and PGF_1./TXB_2 ratio were correlated with jaundice, ascits, spontaneous peritonitis,and hepatorenal syndrome.

Objective To observe clinical effect of self-made xiaozhongsanjie decoction combined with levothyroxine sodium tablets in treatment of thyroid nodule.Methods From July 2013 to July 2014, 52 cases of thyroid nodule patients were randomly divided into two groups: control group( n=25)and study group(n=27).The control group were received levothyroxine sodium tablets, while the study group were given self-made xiaozhongsanjie decoction on the basis of control group.Both groups were treated for 24 weeks.The changes of thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSH ) , serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), serum free tetraiodothyronine (FT4) levels, and the thyroid nodule size of two groups before and after treatment were recorded and compared.ResuIts After 24 weeks’ treatment, the thyroid nodule size of both groups reduced, and the descending range of study group was much larger than that of control group (P<0.05).The TSH levels of both groups descended, and the descending range of study group was much larger than control group (P<0.05).While the FT4 levels all increased in both groups, and the ascending range of study group was much larger than control group (P<0.05).And the total effective rate of study group was 77.78%, which was significantly higher than control group (48.00%, P<0.05). ConcIusion The therapy of self-made xiaozhongsanjie decoction combined with levothyroxine sodium tablets in treatment of thyroid nodule could control or reduce the thyroid nodule size effectively.

Objective:To study the high-performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC) fingerprints of different germplasms of Flos Carthami. Methods: HPLC was applied in chromatographic separation of 36 different germplasms of Flos Carthami collected from 11 provinces of China.The chromatography condition was: Agilent Zorbax C_(18) column(4.6 mm?250 mm,5 mm);mobile phase: CAN,0.5% H_3PO_4(from 1090 to 8020);running time: 60 min;flow speed: 1.0 ml/min;detection wavelength: 265 nm;and temperature: 20℃.The data were processed by Chromatographic Fingerprint Station designed by Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis,School of Pharmacy,Second Military Medical University.Different germplasms of Flos Carthami were subjected to cluster analysis and their similarity was also evaluated.Results: The different germplasms of Flos Carthami in this study were grouped into 2 chemical types.Samples from northwest of China were of high similarity;samples from the middle China were of high similarity to those from South China.The similarity of some germplasms of Flos Carthami was significantly different.Conclusion: The chemical components of different germplasms of Flos Carthami are obviously different from each other;selection of germplasm is very important in quality control of Flos Carthami.

Objective To explore the improvement of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) efficiency by rescue team through the clinical access to pre-hospital care.Methods Mter establishment of clinical approaches to cardiac arrest,the training program of first line personnel of rescue teams in the Hangzhou Emergency Center was carried out with practice on simulated patients and scenario.A total of 45 eligible teams were randomly enrolled for study by observing the performance of some essential resuscitation techniques before and after training.Result The efficiency of resuscitation performed by rescue team for cardiac arrest was generally not good enough before training evidenced by the shortage of application of ECG monitoring,endotracheal intubations and establishing intravenous line which were only 8 (17.8％),5(11.1％),6 (13.3 ％),respectively,and the interruption time of chest compression during the first three minutes was (102.13 ± 13.68) seconds and the successfully artificial respiration ratios by assistant members was (0.37 ± 0.09),and ratios of ECG forensics and written inform consent were 8 (17.8％) and 6 (13.3％) respectively,CPR and forensics done simultaneously was only 2 (4.4％).The efficiency of rescue for cardiac arrest was obviously improved after training by the clinical approaches proved by the increase in application of ECG monitoring,endotracheal intubations,intravenous line set up reached to 45 (100％),43 (95.6％),43 (95.6％),respectively,and the interruption time of chest compression during the first three minutes was shorten to (69.7 ± 7.7) seconds and the successfully artificial respiration ratios done by assistant members was (0.57 ±0.12) after training.The ratios of on-site ECG forensics and written inform consent were 40 (88.9％) and 43 (95.6％),respectively,and CPR and evidence obtained simultaneously was up to 36 (80.0％).The efficiency of work done by teams was obviously improved and the risk of miserable events was controlled.Conclusions The clinical approaches to cardiac arrest in prehosptial care is the efficient strategy to rescue the patient with cardiac arrest and it is worthy to popularize at present.

Objective To analyse imaging features of atypical meningioma.Methods There were 17 cases with atypical meningiomas proved by pathology,7 cases were male,10 cases were female,ranged in age from 34～69 years.17 cases all examined with CT,and 10 cases with CT enhanced scanning;12 cases examined with MRI and 8 cases with MR enhanced scanning,5 cases examined with DSA.Results The major imaging features of atypical meningioma included:the borders of tumors were mostly irregular,nonhomogeneous density or signal on plain CT and MRI,nonhomogeneous enhancement on enhanced CT and MRI.Cystic and necrotic changing and the invasion of cranial bone and adjacent structure could be seen.5 cases with dural tail sign on MRI,3 of them,this sign was short,thick and irregular.Heavy staining was showed on DSA.Conclusion Atypical meningiomas are of some clinical and imaging features.

Dental education in United Kingdom has been amongst the best in the world with years of experience.General Dental Council (GDC) is the sole competent authority for dentistry in the UK.GDC produces guidance on dental education and lead the inspections and monitoring for dental schools.Postgraduate Dental Deans are responsible for the provision and quality management of the education and training of dental graduates during 2 years' foundation training and 3-5 years' specialty training.There are similarities between UK dental education system and Chinese system in school education and continuing education.It is worthy of reference for the dental education in China in terms of the training system of dental residents and specialists in the United kingdom.

Purpose To assess the expression of DLL4 in non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) patients and to determine its associa-tion with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. Methods DLL4 expression was evaluated in NSCLC tissues and adjacent non-cancerous normal lung tissues from 89 patients undergoing surgical treatment by immunohistochemistry. Results DLL4 had high ex-pression in 52 of 89 cases of NSCLC (58. 4%), which was significantly higher than that in adjacent non-cancerous lung tissues (P<0. 05). Moreover, DLL4 overexpression was significantly correlated with TNM stage (P=0. 010 78). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival times in patients expressing DLL4 in NSCLC were shorter. Conclusion High level of DLL4 expression is significantly correlated with NSCLC progression and unfavorable prognosis. Thus, DLL4 expression may be used as a clinical param-eter for predictive prognostication of NSCLC patients.

Objective To analyze the imaging manifestations of chondromyxoid fibroma,so as to improve diagnostic accuracy.Methods The X-ray,CT and MRI manifestations of 8 cases with chondromyxoid fibroma confirmed by surgical pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results All of 8 cases were in the long tubular bones.X-ray showed oval,well defined,eccentric,radiolucent lesion with surrounding sclerosis.The thick dense bony or coarse reticular septation were seen in 6 cases.CT scan showed osteolytic,surrounding sclerosis,and 1 case with foci of calcification.MRI images showed a low or medium signal on T1WI,high signal on T2WI,1 case with a equal T1WI and slight high T2WI signal intensity peripheral rim around.Two cases with diffused enhancement on T1WI after intravenous injection of gapentetate acid meglumine injection and a peripheral liner enhancement in 1 case.Conclusion Chondromyxoid fibroma has certain imaging characteristics,but should be combined with X-ray,CT and MRI to differentiate from other bone tumors with similar imaging manifestations.