We wished to ascertain the prevalence as well as the genetic and antigenic variation of infectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs) circulating in the Guangxi Province of China in recent years. The S1 gene of 15 IBV field isolates during 2012-2013 underwent analyses in terms of the similarity of amino-acid sequences, creation of phylogenetic trees, recombination, and serologic identification. Similarities in amino-acid sequences among the 15 isolates of the S1 gene were 54.3%-99.6%, and 43.3%-99.3% among 15 isolates and reference strains. Compared with the vaccine strain H120, except for GX-YL130025, the other 14 isolates showed a lower similarity of amino-acid sequences of the S1 gene (65.1-81.4%). Phylogenetic analyses of the S1 gene suggested that 15 IBV isolates were classified into eight genotypes, with the predominant genotype being new-type II. Recombination analyses demonstrated that the S1 gene of the GX-NN130048 isolate originated from recombination events between vaccine strain 4/91 and a LX4-like isolate. Serotyping results suggested that seven serotypes prevailed during 2012-2013 in Guangxi Province, and that only one isolate was consistent with the vaccine strain H120 in serotype (which has been used widely in recent years). The serotype of recombinant isolate GX-NN130048 was different from those of its parent strains. These results suggested that not only the genotype, but also the serotype of IBV field isolates in Guangxi Province had distinct variations, and that increasing numbers of genotypes and serotypes are in circulation. We showed that recombination events can lead to the emergence of new serotypes. Our study provides new evidence for understanding of the molecular mechanisms of IBV variations, and the development of new vaccines against IBVs.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Chickens ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; blood ; veterinary ; virology ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Infectious bronchitis virus ; classification ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Poultry Diseases ; blood ; virology ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo identify endophytic fungi bn12 from Cinnamomum camphora chvar, borneol and analysis its volatile metabolites.

METHODThe endophytic fungi bn12 was identified by morphological observation. volatile metabolites of endophytic fungi bn12 was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrography (GC-MS).

RESULTVolatile metabolites of endophytic fungi bn12 contain borneol and much indoles. The ITS sequence of endophytic fungi bnl2 is most similar to the ITS sequence of pleosporaceae fungus, particularly C. nisikadoi.

CONCLUSIONEndophytic fungi bn12 is belong to pleosporaceae fungus. It has the ability of producing broneol.

Bornanes ; analysis ; Cinnamomum camphora ; microbiology ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Endophytes ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fungi ; classification ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Phylogeny ; Volatile Organic Compounds ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo observe the impact of PDE5shRNA on cardiac remodeling and heart function following myocardial infarction in mice.

METHODSMyocardial infarction (MI) was induced in mice by left coronary artery ligation. Mice were randomly assigned to sham group (n = 6), PDE5shRNA group (n = 12), common adenovirus group (n = 15) and DMEM group (n = 8). Four weeks post-MI, the survival rate was evaluated. Cardiac function was examined by echocardiography. HE staining and Masson staining were used to evaluate the myocardial infarction size and fibrosis. The number of blood vessels was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, PDE5 protein expression in the left ventricular was detected using Western blot, level of cGMP or PKG activity in the left ventricle was evaluated with ELISA.

RESULTSFour weeks post-MI, all mice survived in the sham group, 3(37%) mice died in the DMEM group, 1 (8%) died in the PDE5shRNA group and 5 died in the common adenovirus group (33%). Infarct size was significantly reduced in PDE5shRNA group compared with the common adenovirus group and DMEM group [(25.4 ± 2.9)% vs. (42.0 ± 3.2)% and (43.4 ± 2.6) %, P < 0.05]. Cardiac function was significantly improved in PDE5shRNA group compared to common adenovirus group and DMEM group[LVFS: (21.1 ± 3.7)% vs. (14.2 ± 2.9)% and (14.22 ± 2.91)%, all P < 0.05; LVEF: (48.2 ± 7.1)% vs. (34.6 ± 6.2)% and (38.1 ± 2.8)%, all P < 0.05; LVESD: (3.87 ± 0.45) mm vs.(4.91 ± 0.62) mm and (4.63 ± 0.37) mm, all P < 0.05]. The blood vessel density was also higher in PDE5shRNA group compared with common adenovirus group (infarct area:14.3 ± 2.0 vs. 6.6 ± 1.2, P < 0.05; periinfarct area: 23.6 ± 2.1 vs. 13.7 ± 2.4, P < 0.05). Compared with common adenovirus group, level of PDE5 was significantly downregulated and level of cGMP or PKG was significantly upregulated in PDE5shRNA group (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPresent study suggests PDE5shRNA improves cardiac function and attenuates cardiac remodeling through reducing infarction size and cardiac fibrosis and these beneficial effects are possibly mediated by activating cGMP/PKG signaling pathway.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 ; genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Heart Failure ; etiology ; therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Myocardial Infarction ; complications ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Ventricular Remodeling

Objective:To compare the effects between improved catheter extubation method and the traditional one on urination pain, urinary retention, first urination time and first urination volume, and to evaluate the advantage of the improved method.Methods:144 patients with indwelling catheters after operation in our department were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 72 cases in each group. The control group returned to the ward after surgery and began to clamp the urinary tube to train the bladder function, the catheter was removed by traditional method. Observation group: urination reflex was evaluated before extubation, according to more than 250 ml urine in the urine bag. Pumping the saline of the gas bag and injecting back 0.5ml to keep the wall of the bag smooth, eventually the catheter was excreted when urinating. Urethral pain, urinary retention, first micturition time and first micturition volume of two groups were analyzed.Results:Urethral pain, urinary retention, first micturition time in observation group and control group were 1.47±1.48, (20.44±12.98) min, 95.8% (69/72) and 3.11±1.98, (28.03±27.00) min, 83.3% (60/72), respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t value was -5.644, -2.148, χ2 value was 6.628, all P<0.05). The first micturition volume in observation group and control group were (258.6±41.57) ml and (248.14±48.82) ml, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( t value was 1.377, P>0.05). Conclusion:The improved catheter extubation method could significantly reduce the urethral pain, shorten the time of the first urination, and improve the success rate of self-urination, which of clinical promotion.