Aiming at the missing links in traditional models of ideological and political course in medical colleges of our country,we built the3+3+3model teaching paradigm,and selected students of medical laboratory and pharmaceutical profession as the research object to put this mode into practice.We issued questionnaires and test to evaluate teaching effect.The study showed that this model could make up for the loss of traditional teaching pattern,which verified the effectiveness and the significance of the teaching reform.The shortcomings as well as its future direction was also made clear.

Objective To investigate the developmental feasibility of early human fetal testes (<3 months) using xenografting technique and to acquire an accessible donor derivation that is essential for studying human germ cell development. Methods Nine testes from 10-13 weeks aborted fetus were grafted under the back skin of 6 castrated nude mice. Grafts were collected at different time point according to the growth of the donor tissues and the health condition of the recipients. Morphological and histological analyses were performed for the observation of the development of grafted immature testicular tissues. Results The mass of grafts was increased from about 5-7mg to 84.1mg (the biggest). Six of 9 testes were to be in developing. Histological observations showed a significant expansion of seminiferous tubules from (44.26±3.14)μm to (77.69±7.47)μm. Cells dispersedly distributed in seminiferous cords at the time of grafting migrated towards the basal part of seminiferous epithelium. Some germ cells with spermatogonium-like characteristics located on the basement membrane. Sertoli cells were in stages from immature into matured with abundant cytoplasm which were orderly arranged around spermatogonia forming a niche-like structure. Conclusion Testes from early aborted human fetus grafted under the back skin of castrated nude mice showed further development and therefore could be used as an easier accessible donor tissues for the investigation of human spermatogenetic mechanism.

Objective:To explore the expression of type 2 complement receptor (CR2) in mesangial cells of the renal tissue in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and its possible mechanism involved in complement C3 deposition.Methods:The demographic data, samples of plasma and renal tissues of primary IgAN patients diagnosed by renal biopsy in the Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from August 2021 to May 2022 were collected. According to the fluorescent intensity of mesangial complement C3 deposition, the patients were divided into complement C3 deposition ≥2+ group and complement C3 deposition <2+ group. The circulating IgA and complement C3 levels were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The influencing factors of kidney prognosis, plasma IgA and complement C3 levels were compared between the two groups. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of IgA, complement C3 and CR2 in the renal mesangial cells of IgAN patients and normal renal tissues around renal carcinoma. Human mesangial cells were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into control group and experimental group. The experimental group was incubated with IgA protein (2 g/L) for 8 hours. The expressions of CR2 protein and mRNA were measured by Western blotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The biological function of differential genes was analyzed by gene ontology (GO) and Kyto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Results:A total of 75 patients with IgAN were included in this study, including 50 patients in the complement C3 deposition ≥2+ group and 25 patients in the complement C3 deposition <2+ group. The proportions of patients with urine red blood cell count negative, 1+, 2+ and 3+-4+ in the complement C3 deposition ≥2+ group were 2.0%, 8.0%, 18.0% 72.0%, respectively, which were more serious than those in the complement C3 deposition <2+ group (4.0%, 4.0%, 52.0%, 40.0%) ( Z=-2.320, P=0.020). Meanwhile, the proportion of S1 in Oxford pathological classification in the complement C3 deposition ≥2+ group was higher than that in the complement C3 deposition <2+ group (68.0% vs. 40.0%, χ2=5.389, P=0.020), and there were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, 24-hour urinary protein, serum creatinine, other indicators of Oxford pathological classification between the two groups. ELISA results showed that plasma IgA concentration in the complement C3 deposition ≥2+ group was higher than that in the complement C3 deposition <2+ group [3.62 (2.95, 5.53) g/L vs. 2.72 (2.15, 4.24) g/L, Z=2.405, P=0.016], and the plasma complement C3 concentration was lower than that in the complement C3 deposition <2+ group [199.6 (116.0, 328.0) mg/L vs. 319.2 (158.3, 454.5) mg/L, Z=-2.383, P=0.017]. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the complement C3 deposition intensity was positively correlated with IgA deposition intensity in mesangial area ( rs=0.441, P<0.001). Immunofluorescence results showed that there was colocalization of IgA and complement C3 in the glomeruli of IgAN patients. The expression of CR2 in the kidney was consistent with complement C3 deposition, and CR2 was colocalization with complement C3. In vitro experiments, the expression of CR2 in IgA protein group was higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). GO and KEGG enrichment analysis found that IgA protein induced active changes in various pathways of mesangial cells. Conclusion:IgA protein induces mesangial cells to express CR2 and participates in complement C3 deposition, which may be an important mechanism of complement C3 activation in IgAN.

Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of long-chain non-coding RNA brain cytoplasmic RNA 1 (BCYRN1) in serum of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: 74 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosed and treated in our hospital were selected as the experimental group, and 50 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The expression of BCYRN1 in serum of NSCLC and control group was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The patients′ clinical pathology data were collected and followed up. To analyze the relationship between the expression of serum BCYRN1 and clinicopathological parameters of NSCLC patients, and the relationship between BCYRN1 expression in the diagnosis and prediction of NSCLC prognosis. Results: The relative expression of BCYRN1 in serum of NSCLC patients was 2.84±0.95, which was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (1.16±0.50) (P<0.05). The level of serum BCYRN1 in patients with NSCLC with tumor size >3 cm was significantly higher than that in patients with tumor size ≤3 cm (P<0.05). The level of BCYRN1 in patients with tumor node metastasis (TNM) Ⅲ+ Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in patients with stage Ⅰ+ Ⅱ (P<0.05). Patients with low differentiation and positive lymph node metastasis had higher serum BCYRN1 than those with moderate to high grade and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.847 (95% CI: 0.772-0.922, P=0.000), and the sensitivity and specificity were 68.9% and 88.0%, respectively. The median progression free survival (PFS) (15 vs 21 months) and overall survival (OS) (19 vs 28 months) of patients with high and low expression of BCYRN1 were statistically significant (P<0.05). High expression of BCYRN1 was an independent risk factor for overall survival in patients with NSCLC. Conclusions BCYRN1 is highly expressed in the serum of NSCLC patients, and high expression of BCYRN1 is closely related to the poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC. It can be used as a novel biomarker and diagnostic target for NSCLC.

Radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) is the most serious complication of head and neck tumor after radiotherapy. The pathogenesis of RBI is complicated, and the clinical course is irreversible, while no effective treatment available. The activation of glial cells is one of the main theories of RBI, and the prevention and treatment of RBI by targeting glial cells is the focus of current research. As a post-transcriptional regulatory factor, microRNA (miRNA) has been confirmed to be involved in regulatingglial cell radiosensitivity, inflammation type transformation, autophagy, exosomatic, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) and other related pathways, thereby mediating the occurrence and development of cascade reaction of inflammatory injury and neurological function repair of central nervous system (CNS) disease. Therefore, the establishment of miRNA - glial regulatory network may provide a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of RBI.

Objective:To establish and validate a predictive model for treatment failure of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis(PDAP)in elderly patients.Methods:Clinical data of peritoneal dialysis(PD)patients who were followed up from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2019 at four Grade A tertiary hospitals in Jilin Province were collected.A total of 362 elderly patients with PDAP were eventually included as study subjects.Subjects recruited from 2013 to 2017 were used for model construction and the logistic regression model was used to screen risk factors for treatment failure of PDAP in elderly patients.A nomogarm was constructed to predict treatment failure of secondary PDAP using R language.The receiver operating curve(ROC)and calibration curve were used to evaluate discrimination accuracy of the model.Subjects from 2018 to 2019 were used as the cohort for validation of discrimination accuracy of the model.Results:Of 258 PDAP patients in the modeling cohort, 29 experienced treatment failure, including 15 PDAP-related deaths and 14 cases requiring catheter removal.The multivariate logistic regression model showed that types of pathogens( OR=8.849, 95% CI: 1.656-47.269, P=0.011), long dialysis age( OR=1.023, 95% CI: 1.005-1.042, P=0.013), pre-hospitalization antibiotic treatment( OR=5.123, 95% CI: 1.338-19.610, P=0.017), and dialysate white blood cell count on day 5>100×10 6/L( OR=7.085, 95% CI: 2.162-23.217, P=0.001)were independent risk factors for treatment failure of PDAP in elderly patients.For the nomogarm predictive model, the areas under the ROC curve(AUC)in the modeling cohort and the validation cohort were 0.818(95% CI: 0.735-0.902)and 0.762(95% CI: 0.656-0.889), respectively, and the calibration curves were close to a straight line with a slope of 1. Conclusions:Our nomogram predictive model based on types of pathogens, months of dialysis, pre-hospital admission antibiotic treatment, and dialysate white blood cell count on day 5 has demonstrated satisfactory discrimination accuracy for treatment failure of PDAP in elderly patients.

Objective:To study and verify the molecular mechanism of Duzhong Pills for osteoporosis (OP) by means of network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods:The main chemical components of Duzhong Pills were mined by TCMSP database and the related targets were predicted. The potential targets of osteoporosis in GeneCards, DisGeNET and OMIM databases were searched and the common targets of both were obtained. The STRING platform was used for protein interaction analysis and PPI network diagram was made. The common targets were imported into the David database for enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG pathways, and molecular docking of the main components and core targets was performed. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group, model group and Duzhong Pills group according to random number table method, with 6 rats in each group. Ovariectomy was used to make osteoporosis model in model group and Duzhong Pills group. Duzhong Pills group was intragaxed with Duzhong Pills extract of 5 g/kg, and control group and model group were intragaxed with normal saline of the same volume, once a day for 8 weeks. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were detected by ELISA, and femur PI3K and Akt were detected by Western blot.Results:34 active components were obtained from Duzhong Pills, corresponding to 243 targets, and 1 059 targets for osteoporosis. The core targets included TNF-α, IL-6, AKT1, TP53, IL-1β and others regulated osteoporosis through PI3K-Akt and TNF pathway. The experimental results indicated that compared with model group, the levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in Duzhong Pills group decreased ( P<0.05), and the expressions of PI3K and Akt in femur decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Through β-sitosterol, quercetin, kaempferol and other active components, Duzhong Pills can act on TNF, IL-6, AKT1, TP53, IL-1β and other targets, regulating PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway and other signaling pathways to play a role in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy and safety analysis of a novel laser localization technology assisted percutaneous puncture of trigeminal nerve microsphere capsule compression surgery for the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia.Methods:A retrospective selection was conducted on 63 patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia who underwent percutaneous puncture of the trigeminal nerve microsphere capsule compression surgery at the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to December 2021. According to different surgical methods, they were divided into a new laser localization assisted puncture group (observation group) of 32 cases and a traditional barehanded localization puncture group (control group) of 31 cases. An analysis was conducted on the surgical time, puncture time, puncture frequency, intraoperative exposure to radiation, number of cases of poor balloon formation, and clinical efficacy within 6 months after surgery for two groups of patients. The prognosis of the patients was followed up at 6 months after surgery.Results:The surgical time, puncture time, puncture frequency, and intraoperative exposure of the observation group were all less than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05) in the number of cases of poor balloon angioplasty between the observation group and the control group, as well as the pain score grading of the Barlow Neurological Institute (BNI) on the first day after surgery. Within 6 months after surgery, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of facial numbness, diplopia, masseter weakness, perilabial herpes, and recurrent pain between the two groups of patients (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Laser positioning technology can assist in precise puncture of the foramen ovale and accurate placement of balloons based on surgical experience, which helps to improve surgical safety, reduce postoperative complications and intraoperative radiation dose, and achieve satisfactory short-term follow-up results.

Objective:To fabricate biogenic gas vesicles (GVs)- polyethyleneimine (PEI)-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and evaluate its potential on stem cell tracking with ultrasound imaging.Methods:GVs were cationized by PEI to fabricate GVs-PEI. The diameter and zeta potential of GVs-PEI were determined. GVs-PEI were co-incubated with BMSCs to obtain GVs-PEI-BMSCs and stem cell uptake was observed by fluorescence microscope. The cell viability of GVs-PEI-BMSCs was verified by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay were set. Ultrasound imaging was performed on 0, 2, 4 and 6 d in agarose phantom to evaluate ultrasound imaging capability of GVs-PEI-BMSCs group and BMSCs group in vitro. GVs-PEI-BMSCs and BMSCs were injected into quadriceps femoris of SD rats, and ultrasound imaging was performed on 0, 2, 4 and 6 d to evaluate the ultrasound imaging capability in vivo. One-way analysis of variance and independent-sample t test were used to analyze the data. Results:The diameter and zeta potential of GVs-PEI were (383.63±11.55) nm and (18.48±2.20) mV. Plenty of GVs-PEI were observed in GVs-PEI-BMSCs through microscope. When BMSCs were incubated with GVs-PEI in absorbance ( A) 500 nm of 0.5 and 1.0, there were no significant changes in the cell viability of GVs-PEI-BMSCs at 24, 48 and 72 h ( F values: 7.078-11.982, all P>0.05). Compared with BMSCs, GVs-PEI-BMSCs showed better ultrasound imaging capability in vitro in all time points with still significantly different signal at 6 d (634.29±10.78 vs 2 864.51±100.86; t=-121.86, P<0.001). The ultrasound imaging capability of GVs-PEI-BMSCs in vivo was much better than that of BMSCs at each time point with still significantly different signal at 6 d (2 108.02±217.96 vs 267.71±7.87; t=-121.39, P<0.001). Conclusion:GVs-PEI-BMSCs are successfully fabricated with the advantages of significant ultrasound imaging capability, long duration and safety, which provide a brand-new means for stem cells tracking in vivo.

The treatment for laryngopharyngeal reflux diseases consist of general treatment, medical therapy and surgical treatment, among which, drug therapy is still the main effective way. Proton pump inhibitor is adopted as the first drug for patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease only caused by acid reflux. With standardized treatment, the majority of symptoms in laryngopharyngeal reflux disease could be alleviated effectively. PPI therapy, while seeming logical, is less useful in patients with reflux hypersensitivity, weak acid or non acid reflux, neuropsychic factors and gastroesophageal reflux disease. This article aims to investigate bewilderment and challenge faced by clinicians when managing adult laryngology reflux disease with medical therapy.