The antishock properties of Fu-tze "801" , an active fraction isolated from the root of Aconite,were studied on burned rats. The rats were given 65-70% TB'SA second degree scalds. All animals died in a short time postburn. Using this rat model, it was found that the marked spasmodic rhythmic constriction in arterioles occurred and the microierculatory flow state showed pronounced derangements in the me-senteric microcirculation, and platelet aggregate increased in circulating blood.After treatment with Fu-tze "801" , the survival and the mirocirculation were improved in the scalded rats, these findings suggest that Fu-tze "801" affords the antishock action on rats after a major scald burn.

Objective To evaluate the effects of the right stellate ganglion block on the expression of β3adrenoceptor (β3-AR) in rabbits with heart failure.Methods Forty-eight Japanese white rabbits of both sexes,weighing 2.5-3.0 kg,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =16 each):sham operation group (group S),heart failure group (group HF) and right stellate ganglion block group (group RSGB).Heart failure was induced by occlusion of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery and confirmed by ultrasonic cardiography 4 weeks later.A PE-10 catheter was inserted into the right stellate ganglion for administration of drugs.0.25％ bupivacaine 2 ml was injected through the catheter once a day for 2 weeks in group RSGB,while the equal volume of normal saline was injected instead of bupivacaine in S and HF groups.The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD),ejection fraction (EF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were measured at 1 day before ligation (T0),before catheter insertion (T1),before 8th administration (T2),and 1 day after the last administration (T3).Eight rabbits were sacrificed at T1 and T3 in each group and myocardial specimens were obtained from the apex of the left ventricle for determination of the expression of β3-AR by Western blot.Results Compared with group S,the LVEDD and LVESD were significantly enlarged and LVEF and LVFS were decreased at T1-3,and the expression of β3-AR was up-regulated at T1,3 in groups HF and RSGB (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group HF,the LVEDD and LVESD were significantly decreased,LVEF and LVFS were increased,and the expression of β3-AR was significantly down-regulated at T3 in group RSGB (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The right stellate ganglion block can improve the cardiac function of rabbits with heart failure through down-regulating the expression of β3-AR in myocardium.

Objective To evaluate the effect of curcumin on spinal inflammatory factor in rats with diabetic neuropathy. Methods Diabetic neuropathy was induced by intraperitoneal injection with 1% STZ (60 mg/kg) in sprague-dawley rats. These diabetic rats were randomly allocated to diabetic group (D group, n=10) and curcumin group ( C group , n = 10 ) . Another 10 age-matched normal rats served as controlled group ( N group , n = 10 ) . 28 days after STZ injection, the rats in C group received daily intragastric administration of curcumin (200 mg/kg) whereas those in D group received the same volume of normal saline for 2 weeks. Caudal vein blood glucose levels at T1( before STZ injection)and at T2-T8(2、7、14、21、28、35、42 days after STZ injection)from all rats were detected. Responses to the mechanical stimulus were measured with von Frey filament, and paw withdraw threshold (PWT) was recorded at T1 and at T3 to T8. At T8,the rats were killed and lumbar segments of spinal cord were removed to detect TNF-αand IL-6 content. Results Compared to N group, rats in both C and D group showed hyperglycemia at T2 to T8 (P<0.05) and lower PWT at T4~ 8 (P < 0.01). Compared to D group, C group showed higher PWT at T7,8(P<0.05). Both D and C group showed higher levels of blood sugar at T2 ~ 8 than that at T1 (P < 0.05). C group showed higher PWT at T7,8 than that at T6(P<0.05). Compared to N group,spinal TNF-αand IL-6 content increased in both D and C groups (P<0.05). Compared to D group, C group had reduction of TNF-αand IL-6 concentration (P < 0.05). Conclusion Curcumin can attenuate diabetic neuropathic pain on rats probably by reducing inflammatory factor in spinal cord.

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane on inhibition of growth of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by cisplatin and γ ray.Methods The human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was seeded in culture plate.After being cultured for 24 h,the cells were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =6each):control group (group C),sevoflurane group (group S),cisplatin group (group D),cisplatin + sevoflurane group (group DS),γ ray group (group R) and γ ray + sevoflurane group (group RS).A549 cells were exposed to 2.5% sevoflurane for 4 h in group S.Cisplatin with the final concentration of 3 mg/L was added to the culture medium and the cells were then incubated for 4 h in group D.Cisplatin with the final concentration of 3 mg/L was added to the culture medium and the cells were then exposed to 2.5 % sevoflurane for 4 h in group DS.A549 cells were exposed to γ irradiation (2 Gy) for 4 h in group R.A549 cells were exposed to γ irradiation (2Gy) and to 2.5% sevoflurane for 4 h in group RS.The cells were cultured for another 24 h after the end of treatment,the colony formation was detected and the rate of colony formation was calculated by colony formation assay.Proliferation of A549 cells was measured by plate colony formation and MTF assay and the rate of proliferation inhibition was calculated.Cell apoptosis was detected with flow cytometer.The expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and caspase-3 was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the rate of colony formation was significantly decreased,the rate of proliferation inhibition and percentage of apoptotic cells were increased,XIAP expression was down-regulated and caspase-3 expression was up-regulated in groups S,D,DS,R and RS (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of colony formation was significantly lower,the rate of proliferation inhibition and percentage of apoptotic cells were higher,XIAP expression was lower and caspase-3 expression was higher in group DS than in groups S and D,and in group RS than in groups S and R (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Sevoflurane can enhance cisplatin and γ ray-induced inhibition of growth of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells,and downregulation of XIAP expression and up-regulation of caspase-3 expression may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To evaluate the changes in autophagy in spinal neurons of rats with diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP).Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-250 g,were randomly divided into control group (group C,n =8) and group DNP (n =40) using a random number table.Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) 60 mg/kg.Before STZ injection and at 1,2,4,and 8 weeks after STZ injection,8 rats randomly chosen from each group were used to measure mechanical pain threshold.The animals were sacrificed after measurement of mechanical pain threshold and the spinal cords were removed for determination of the expression of LC3-Ⅰ,LC3-Ⅱ,Beclin-1 and p62 protein.LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio was calculated.Results Compared with group C,mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 2,4,and 8 weeks after STZ injection in group DNP.The expression of LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 in the spinal cord was significantly up-regulated,p62 protein expression was down-regulated,and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio was increased at 2,4,and 8 weeks after STZ injection as compared with the baseline value before STZ injection in group DNP.Conclusion Enhanced autophagy in spinal neurons may be involved in the development and maintenance of DNP in rats.

Objective To investigate the treatment of octanol on matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) protein expression,cerebral water content,infarction volume after ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Methods 150 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operated group (n=24),MCAO group (n=24),DMSO solvent control group (n=24) and octanol treatment group (n=24).A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced by suture method.TTC stain was used to detect the infarction volume,dry-wet weight method to determine the brain water content.The expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 protein was detected by immunofiuorescence and Western blot.Results At 24 h of reperfusion after ischemia for 2 h,the octanol treatment group compared with MCAO group brain infarction volume obviously decreased(P＜0.05),water content significantly reduced ((78.16± 1.47) ％ vs (80.88±0.73) ％,P＜0.05),the number of MMP-9 positive cells obviously decreased((10.67±2.16) vs (29.00±3.40),P＜0.05),the expression of MMP-9 protein significantly reduced ((0.14±0.01) vs (0.21±0.02),P＜0.05)and the number of TIMP-1 positive cells significantly increased ((27.83 ±2.13) vs (5.67± 1.03),P＜0.05),the expression of TIMP-1 protein obviously increased((0.42±0.01) vs (0.28± 0.01),P＜0.05).The difference between MCAO group and DMSO solvent control group was not statistically significant(P ＜0.05).Conclusion Octanol may reduce brain edema,brain infarction volume.Up-regulation the expression of MMP-9 and down-regulation the expression of TIMP-1 may be one of the underlying mechanisms of the octanol neuroprotection.

Objective To investigate the effects of post-operative analgesia with oxycodone or morphine for patients undergoing colon cancer radical surgery on platelet activation and cellular immunity.Methods Forty colon cancer patients scheduled for radical surgery, 23 males and 17 females, ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=20 each): oxycodone group (group O) and morphine group (group M).Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) was used for post-operative analgesia.PCIA solution contained oxycodone 1 mg/kg and tropisetron 6 mg in 100 ml normal saline in group O or morphine 1 mg/kg and tropisetron 6 mg in 100 ml normal saline in group M.Blood samples were obtained from the patients at 5 min before anesthesia induction (T0), 4 h after surgery (T1), 24 h after surgery (T2) and 48 h after surgery (T3).The levels of glycoprotein (GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa, P-selection (CD62P), natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, and natural Treg (nTreg) cells were detected.The platelet aggregation rate (PAR) was determined.Results Compared with T0, the levers of GPⅡb/Ⅲa, CD62P, PAR and nTreg cells were significantly higher at T1 in group O and at T1, T2 in group M (P<0.05).Compared with T0, the levels of NK and NKT cells were decreased significantly at T1 in group O and at T1-T3 in group M (P<0.05).The levels of GPⅡb/Ⅲa, CD62P, PAR and nTreg cells at T2 and T3 in group O were decreased significantly as compared with group M (P<0.05).The levels of NK cells, NKT cells at T2 and T3 in group O were significantly higher than those in group M.Conclusion Post-operative analgesia with oxycodone for patients undergoing colon cancer radical surgery exhibits a more significant effect of decreasing platelets activity and presents a less disturbance on cellular immunity as compared with morphine.

Objective To evaluate the effect of oxycodone on migration of human colon cancer cells and the role of μ and κ receptors.Methods The human colon cancer HCT116 cells at the logarithmic growth phase were seeded in 24-well or in 6-well plates at a density of 1 × 106 cells/mnl (0.5 ml/well or 2 ml/well,144 wells in total).The cells were divided into 6 groups (n=24 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),1,5 and 10 μmol/L oxycodone groups (group O1,group O2 and group O3),oxycodone plus μ receptor antagonist CTOP group (group O2+CTOP) and oxycodone plus κ receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine group (group O2+BNI).The cells were incubated for 24 h with oxycodone 1,5 and 10 μmol/L in O1,O2 and O3 groups,respectively.The cells were incubated for 24 h with 5 μmol/L oxycodone plus 20 μmol/L CTOP and 5 μmol/L oxycodone plus nor-binahorphimin 20 μmol/L in O2+CTOP and O2+BNI groups,respectively.The invaded and migrated cells were counted,and the levels of Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA),Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1),matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were detected.Results Compared with group C,the number of invaded and migrated cells was gradually decreased,and the levels of RhoA,ROCK1,MMP-2 and MMP9 were gradually decreased in O1,O2 and O3 groups (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group O2+BNI (P＞0.05).Compared with group O2,the number of invaded and migrated cells was significantly increased,and the levels of RhoA,ROCK1,MMP-2 and MMP9 were increased in group O2 + BNI (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group O2+CTOP (P＞0.05).Conclusion Oxyc odone can inhibit the migration of human colon cancer cells,and the mechanism is totally related to inhibition of RhoA/ROCKl signaling pathway activation after activating κ receptors,but not related to μ receptors.

Objective To evaluate the effects of sevoflurane on invasion and migration of mouse lung cancer cells induced by hypoxia.Methods Mouse Lewis lung cancer cells were inoculated in the culture plate.After being cultured for 24 h,the cells were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=18 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),hypoxia group (group H) and hypoxia+ 2％ sevoflurane group (group HS).Cells were exposed to 95％ air-5％CO2 (2 L/min) for 4 h in group C.Cells were exposed to 94％ N2-5％CO2-1％ O2 for 4 h in group H.In group HS,cells were exposed to 2％ sevoflurane and 94％ N2 (2 L/min) for 4 h.The invasion of cells was determined by Transwell assay,and the invaded cells were counted.The migration of cells was evaluated by wound healing assay,and cell migration rates were calculated.The expression of Beclin 1 and LC3 Ⅱ protein in cells was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the number of invaded cells and cell migration rates were significantly increased,and the expression of Beclin Ⅰ and LC3 Ⅱ was up-regulated in H and HS groups.Compared with group H,the number of invaded cells and cell migration rates were significantly decreased,and the expression of Beclin 1 and LC3 Ⅱ was down-regulated in group HS.Conclusion Sevoflurane can inhibit the invasion and migration of mouse lung cancer cells induced by hypoxia,and inhibition of autophagy is involved in the mechanism.

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane and propofol on postoperative cognitive function after abdominal surgery for elderly patients with diabetes. Methods Seventy diabetic patients (aged 60~75 yr, ASAⅠorⅡ) underwent abdominal surgery and are included in the research. Diabetic patients were randomly divided into two groups (n=35): sevoflurane group(group DS) and propofol group (group DP). MMSE score, the attachment test, words memory test and Stroop color word test were carried and the results were recorded before operation (T1), postoperative 24 h (T2), 48 h (T3) and 1 w (T4). Results Compared with T1, patients′ MMSE score reduced at T2 and T3. Time spent in attachment test is longer at T2 and T3. Mistaken incidences in Stroop color words test 1, 2 and 3 are higher and time longer at T2. Time spent on Stroop color words test 2 and 3 is longer in T3. Words memory test reveals decline at T2 and T3, whose difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05). Cognitive dysfunction incidence in the two groups shows no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Conclusion Sevoflurane and propofol can result in postoperative cognitive dysfunction for elderly patients with diabetes within 48 h after abdominal surgery, there were no difference between the effects of them.