Objective To observe the sites and relations of AQP-2 and AQP-4 in kidney during development and maturation, and discuss the roles of them. Methods Immunohistochemistry combined with stereological methods were used to observe and measure the expression of AQP-2 and AQP-4. Results AQP-2 was apparently noticed at the apical side and cytoplasm of principle cells in the collecting ducts. The expression of AQP-2 at the apical side increased from 17-fetuses to 1-day neonatal by stereology, but it hardly changed after 1-day neonatal. The expression of AQP-4 was faint at 14-day embryo and enhanced with age to reach a plateau at birth, and was not changed remarkably thereafter. The expression of AQP-4 was less than AQP-2 in every stage of kidney development. It was localized at the basolateral membrane of ureteric buds or collecting ducts.Conclusion We presume that AQPs are very important for balance of water during development and maturation in mice kidney, while AQP-4 is before birth, AQP-2 is after birth.

ObjectiveTo explore the epidemiologic feature of maternal syphilis and the status of prevention and control of the disease in Baoshan District. Methods Syphilis monitoring data of pregnant women were analyzed retrospectively in Baoshan district of Shanghai from 2004 to 2009. Results The positive rate of syphilis in pregnant women was 0.31％ ( 195/63 227 ).Among them,residing and migratory pregnant women accounted for 0.17％ (37/22 287) and 0.39％ (158/40 940) respectively (X2 =22.699,P ＜0.01 ). A total of 145 cases received the examination of treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA).And 136 cases were positive.The positive rate of rapid plasma reagin test (RPR) was 51.35％(19/37) in residing early pregnant women and 24.68％ (39/158) in migratory counterparts (X2 =22.192,P =0.000).And 152 cases were followed up to record pregnancy outcomes,including normal delivery of live births ( n =146 ),artificial termination of pregnancy ( n =3 ),stillbirth and spontaneous abortion ( n =3). Forty-three cases became lost. And the rate of loss was 22.78％(36/158) in migratory pregnant women and 18.92％(7/37) in residing counterparts. Conclusions It is imperative to improve the prevention and control mechanisms of pregnancy syphilis and the model of consulting services. We should also pay more attention to screening and follow-up work in migratory pregnant women.

Objective BRAFV600E mutation, RET/PTC rearrangement, and the concomitant of Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT) could influence clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).This study is to investigate the distribution of three factors in PTC and to analyze their associations with clinicopathological characteristics.Methods Fine-needle aspiration samples were collected in a total of 122 conventional PTC patients, who were confirmed by surgery.The clinicopathological features were collected to analyze its association with different factors.BRAFV600E mutation and RET/PTC rearrangement were detected by pyrosequencing and Taqman-qPCR, respectively.Results BRAFV600E mutation was significantly correlated with an older age and a less coexistence with HT(P＜0.05).In contrast, RET/PTC rearrangement was more prevalent in young patients and was associated with the concomitant of HT(P＜0.05).In the age of ≥20 year and＜45 year groups, BRAFV600E mutation was significantly associated with extrathyroidal invasiveness.RET/PTC rearrangement was significantly associated with bilateral lymph node metastasis and the number of metastatic lymph node.Conclusions The distribution of three factors were different in PTC patients.In addition to the age at diagnosis, all of three factors should also be considered together to analyze the association of clinicopathological features of PTC.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of microwave coagulo-necrotic therapy (MCN) combined with laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) in the treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) complicated by hypersplenism. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 22 PHC patients with hypersplenism who were admitted to Baoji Municipal People' s Hospital from January 2008 to December 2012 and underwent MCN combined with LS. Their clinical data were collected, and postoperative complications and survival were observed. The t-test was used for comparison of continuous data, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot cumulative survival curves. Results In MCN therapy, 5 patients underwent thoracotomy, 15 underwent laparotomy, and 2 underwent laparoscopic surgery; in LS treatment, 17 underwent hand-assisted LS and 5 underwent simple LS. The mean time of operation was (303. 24 ±56. 02) min, the mean blood loss volume was (146. 92 ± 60. 72) ml, and the mean weight of the resected spleen was (670. 42 ± 204. 54) g. Of all patients, 6 (27. 27％ ) experienced postoperative recurrence, 5 (22. 73％ ) experienced portal vein thrombosis, and 2 (9. 09％ ) experienced pleural effusion. There was a significant increase in platelet count at 1 month after surgery [ (15. 72 ± 5. 47) ×104/μl vs (4. 43 ±1. 03) ×104/μl, t = 6. 83, P ＜ 0. 001]. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates after surgery were 90. 91％, 68. 18％, and 59. 09％, respectively, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 59. 09％, 13. 64％, and 13. 64％, respectively.Conclusion MCN combined with LS is safe, effective, and feasible in the treatment of PHC complicated by hypersplenism.

Objective To evaluate the effect of high flow nasal catheter oxygen (HFNCO) therapy on extubation failure rate,reintubation rate,and incidence of related complications within 48 h after extubation in mechanically ventilation patients.Methods A prospective,single-center,randomized controlled trial was conducted in the ICU of a teaching hospital affiliated to a medical university.A total of 77 patients with mechanical ventilation duration of ≥ 48 h and met the condition of spontaneous breathing test (SBT) were selected.The patients whose LUS ≥ 14 at 30 min of SBT were enrolled,and were randomly (random number) divided into 3 groups according to different oxygen therapies:the traditional oxygen therapy group,the noninvasive ventilation (NIV) group,and the HFNCO group.The effect of oxygen therapy and outcomes after extubation were compared among the three groups.The measurement data were presented as the mean±standard deviation (SD),and the numeration data were expressed as ratio or constituent ratio.The independent sample t test and LSD-t test were used for the comparisons between the two groups and the one-way ANOVA for differences between multiple groups.The differences between enumeration data were assessed by chi-square test.A P＜0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results There was no significant difference in gender,age and other general conditions between the two groups (P＞0.05).The NIV group and HFNCO group had lower extubation failure rate (14.29％,15.38％ vs 34.87％) and reintubation rate (10.7％,11.54％ vs 21.74％) than the convertional oxygen therapy group (P＜0.05).In addition,the traditional oxygen therapy group had longer mechanical ventilation duration [(24.33±4.42) d vs (8.58±1.09) d,(8.37±2.43) d],antibiotic use time [(19.21±4.37) d vs (8.34±2.54) d,(7.41±1.06) d],and ICU hospitalization time [(27.27±4.24) d vs (10.38±2.07) d,(9.44±0.79) d],all P＜0.05.Conclusions Treatment with HFNCO or NIV after extubation can effectively reduce the rates of extubation failure and reintubation,and improve the outcome of the mechanical ventilation.There is no difference in clinical efficiency between the NIV group and HFNCO group.However,compared with NIV,HFNCO can effectively reduce respiratory rate and avoid the retention of CO2,which has a wider application prospect in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of gene expression with development potential of early embryos derived from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: Three pairs of infertile patients with respectively matched age, body mass index, ovarian reserve and treatment with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists were selected. Patients with fewer embryos were assigned as the case group (n = 3), whilst the remainders were assigned as the control group (n = 3). Ovarian granulosa cells from patients were collected for the extraction of total RNA and subjected to RNA sequencing. The results were subjected to differential gene expression and functional enrichment analyses. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, 76 genes were up-regulated and 110 genes were down-regulated in the case group. The level of estradiol (E₂) was significantly higher in the control group on the trigger day with the injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Compared with the control group, the KRT7 gene was most significantly up-regulated, whilst the CCNYL2 gene was most significantly down-regulated in the case group. Gene ontology (GO) entries enrichment has found those associated with chromosome segregation, cell cycle regulation, and fatty acid metabolism to be significantly enriched. The genes participating in the regulation of cell assembly, differentiation, negative regulation of cell cycle, negative regulation of development, extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), ERK1 and ERK2 signaling pathways to be significantly down-regulated. KEGG enrichment analysis of cell signaling pathways revealed that steroid hormone biosynthesis-related genes were enriched. CONCLUSION Among patients treated with GnRH antagonists, the significant difference in the number of oocytes fertilized in vitro and the number of available embryos are associated with the difference in the expression of genes of ovarian granulosa cells.
Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Embryonic Development ; Gene Expression ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Granulosa Cells ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/genetics*

Objective:To explore the relationship between microRNA-4429 (miR-4429) derived from serum exosomes and prognosis of radical radiation and chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:309 blood samples of NSCLC patients were collected [before chemotherapy (T0), after 1 cycle of chemotherapy (T1) and after 2 cycles of chemotherapy (T2), 103 cases at each time point], and the expression level of miR-4429 was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR method, and the relationship between it and the prognosis of radical radiation and chemotherapy in NSCLC was analyzed.Results:The 1-year, 2-year and 3-year survival rates of 103 NSCLC patients were 69.90%, 45.63% and 34.95%, respectively. The expression levels of T1-miR-4429 and T2-miR-4429 in the survival group were 0.66±0.14 and 0.77±0.11, respectively, which were higher than T1-miR-4429 (0.60±0.06) and T2-miR-4429 (0.62±0.11) in the death group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.269, 6.997, P<0.05). Restricted cubic spline fitting COX regression analysis showed that T2-miR-4429 had a linear relationship with survival in NSCLC. COX regression analysis showed that TNM staging was an independent risk factor for the survival and prognosis in NSCLC ( P<0.05), and the degree of differentiation, targeted therapy and T2-miR-4429 were all independent protective factors for the survival and prognosis in NSCLC ( P<0.05). The calibration curve of the nomogram regression model constructed by TNM stage, degree of differentiation, targeted therapy and T2-miR-4429 coincided well with the ideal curve, and the C-index was 0.713. Conclusions:The high expression level of T2-miR-4429 indicates that NSCLC patients have a low risk of poor survival prognosis. The nomogram regression model constructed by TNM staging, degree of differentiation, targeted therapy and T2-miR-4429 has a certain degree of discrimination and accuracy, which can assist in evaluating the prognosis of NSCLC.

Objective: To explore the effects of intervention programs during primipara, using the Information-motivation-behavioral skills model (IMB) intervention model on initial exclusive breastfeeding. Method: 206 women of primiparas who were registered to the top three hospitals were selected in Shandong province, 2018. These women were hospitalized in the obstetrics/gynaecology wards during the later periods. IMB model was used to support the intervention programs at the following stages: antenatal period, 1 day postpartum, 3-4 days postpartum and 42 days postpartum. Questionnaire regarding self-efficacy energy meter, knowledge and behavior related to breastfeeding, were used before and after the intervention programs. Results: Through intervention programs, statistically significant differences in breastfeeding self-efficacy scores between the four stages (F=150.680, P=0.000) were recorded. Significant differences were also noticed in scores on knowledge of breastfeeding (F=176.556, P=0.000). Conclusion The application of IMB intervention model in women at childbearing age seemed to be helpful in improving the effect of primary breastfeeding in women at childbearing age.

Objective To explore the determination method of copper content in Chinese medicinal materials and to provide a scientific basis for the quality control of Chinese medicinal materials.Methods A method for rapid determination of copper content in different varieties of Chinese medicinal materials by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was established.Results The content of copper in the linear range of 6-40 μg·g-1 showed good linearity with the response strength,which met the quantitative analysis requirements.Conclusion This method has the advantages of being simple,fast,and highly sensitive,and it can be used for rapid quality control of copper content in Chinese medicinal materials.

Objective: To study the impact of aging on pancreatic atrophy, fibrosis and exocrine hypofunction in patients with post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) and its severity. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 786 patients who underwent ERCP at the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University from June 2011 to April 2018. Patients who were aged over 75 years were grouped into the elderly group while those aged less than 75 years were grouped into the younger group. The incidences and severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis in the two groups were analyzed. Results: In the elderly group, there were 308 patients. The average age was (81.8±4.8) years. In the younger group, there were 478 patients. The average age was (57.7±12.0) years. The average operation time for the elderly group was (52.5±14.1) minutes, and that for the younger group was (50.7±14.9) minutes. There were no significant differences in operation time and in the related factors between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the rates of hyperamylasemia between the two groups (29.9% vs 30.1%, P>0.05). The overall rate of PEP was 11.3% (89/786). In the elderly group, the rate of PEP was 6.5% (20/308), which was significantly lower than that in the younger group (χ²=11.765, P<0.05). The rates of mild, moderate and severe PEP in the elderly group was significantly lower than those in the younger group (all P<0.05). Hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis in the 2 groups were alleviated after conservative treatment. Conclusions Aging (≥75 years) resulted in pancreatic atrophy, fibrosis, exocrine hypofunction which had a protective effect on PEP.