By using the so-called “lag-time” method, we studied the effect of membrane thickness(h), initial drug concentration(Co) and flow rate(V) on the difusion coefficient(D) of model drug in membranes. The expe riment indica tes that D increases as hand vincrease; D Keeps constant when C0 changes; Un den the same condition, the D value of N-alkyl chitosan membrane is bigger than that of pure chitosan membrane.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a device that called bipolar RF (Aluma) for non-ablative treatment of facial laxity.Methods Thirty-nine Chinese volunteers of skin types Ⅲ-Ⅳ,with facial laxity and periorbital rhytides,received five times treatments at 10 days interval with Aluma RF energies (6-10 W).Standardized photographs were taken at baseline and serially for 3 months after the last treatment.The photographs were evaluated to assess the improvement in skin Iaxity by both doctors and patients.Results At 1-3 months after the last treatment,the results showed significantly subjective improvement in skin 1axity of cheek(P＜0.05),and mild to moderate Subiective improvement in skin laxity of periorbital area,nasolabial fold and upper neck.There was no serious complication.Conclusion The bipolar radiofrequency produces mild to moderate improvement of facial laxity in Chinese with no serious adverse sequelae.A high patients'satisfaction is achieved.However,further studies are necessary to demonstrate the long-term effects of the procedure and to optimize treatment parameters.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of combined detection of VCA-IgA and Rta-IgG in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods From May 2013 to November 2014, 3 913 serum samples(male 2 367,female 1 546) from healthy people who had health examination in our medical center were collected and 169 serum samples(male 118,female 51) were collected from the patients who were diagnosed as nasopharyngeal carcinoma by pathological biopsy.Serum samples in two groups were detected by EBV RTA-IgG, VCA-IgA assay ( ELISA ) respectively.SPSS17.0 statistical software and receiver operating characteristic curve ( ROC) were applied to data analysis.Results The Rta-IgG positive rates of EB virus were 93.5%in NPC group (158/169) and 2.4%(93/3 913) in healthy group;while the VCA-IgA positive rates were 79.3%in NPC group ( 134/169 ) and 8.9% ( 349/3 913 ) in healthy group. The sensitivity(χ2 =14.49,P<0.05) and specificity(χ2 =157.15,P<0.05) of Rta-IgG in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were significantly better than that of VCA-IgA. Using VCA-IgA/Rta-IgG combined detection analysis, not only failed to effectively improve the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal cancer, but to reduce the detection sensitivity to 72.8%( 123/169 ) , compared with Rta-IgG detection only. Conclusions Rta-IgG is significantly better than that of VCA-IgA.There was no significant improvement in the clinical diagnostic efficacy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using VCA-IgA/Rta-IgG combined detection mode.

Aim To explore the effect of Neu-P11,a novel melatonin agonist with similar function of melatonin,on IOP of acute high IOP animals and the related mechanism.Methods The experiment used the Trendelenburg position(head low feet high position of 80°)to establish acute high IOP model.Rats were placed in the Trendelenburg position and used Tonopen XL contact tonometer to measure IOP(every 5 minutes measured once IOP,and the maximum value in 20 minutes)in 8 :00～9 :00 am.And then,thirty Sprague-Dawley rats(8 week-old)were divided into five groups: normal IOP+normal saline,high IOP+normal saline,high IOP+10 mg·kg-1 Mel,high IOP+20 mg·kg-1 Neu-P11,high IOP+50 mg·kg-1 Neu-P11.Put in a flat to rest 2 h,animals were placed in Trendelenburg position again and then,IOP was measured every hour in the flat by 6 hours.After excessive sodium pentobarbital administration continuous for 1 week,the serum was collected and stored for subsequent detection at the end of the experiment.The level of MDA,SOD and GSH-Px enzyme activity of the rat serum was tested by kit accordingly.HE staining method was used to identify the SD rat retinal morphological changes.Results Trendelenburg position could induce IOP of model group rats,which was increased by 202.9％(P<0.01)and the content of MDA,reduced the activity of SOD and GSH-Px enzyme,retinal thickening was observed and its level was not clear.Neu-P11/Mel could significantly improve oxidative stress level and retinal edema in rats.Conclusion Neu-P11 could reduce IOP of the acute high IOP animals,which might be involved in the lower level of oxidative stress in the body.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes in early gastric antrum contraction in patients with craniocerebral injury. Methods The patients with craniocerebral injury admitted to neurosurgery intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from July to November in 2018 were enrolled. The changes in antral contraction frequency (ACF), antral contraction amplitude (ACA) and antral motility index (MI) were dynamically observed at 1-6 days after injury by ultrasonography. According to Glasgow coma score (GCS), the patients were divided into moderate to severe craniocerebral (GCS ≤ 11) and mild craniocerebral injury groups (GCS > 11). The differences in ACF, ACA and MI between the two groups were compared to observe the effect of craniocerebral injury on gastric antral motility. The patients were divided into simple supratentorial and supratentorial combined infratentorial lesion groups according to the lesion location of craniocerebral injury. The differences in ACF, ACA and MI between the two groups were compared to analyze the influence of lesion location on gastric antrum activity. Results A total of 68 patients with craniocerebral injury were screened during the study period, 50 patients were in accorded with the admission criteria, 17 patients were withdrawn from the observation because they could not tolerate the ultrasonography of gastric antrum or discharged from ICU. Finally, 33 patients were enrolled in the analysis. ① The ACF, ACA and MI at 1 day after injury were lower [ACF (times/min): 1.67 (0.00, 2.00), ACA: 42.06 (0.00, 44.45)%, MI: 0.70 (0.00, 0.87)], and then gradually increased, till 6 days after injury, ACF was 1.83 (1.25, 2.79) times/min, ACA was 56.80 (33.25, 60.77)%, and MI was 0.89 (0.50, 1.70), which showed no differences among all time points (all P > 0.05). ② The contractile function of gastric antrum in two groups of patients with different degrees of craniocerebral injury was decreased, especially ACA in patients with moderate to severe craniocerebral injury (n = 22), which showed significant differences at 3 days and 5 days after injury as compared with mild craniocerebral injury [n = 11; 3 days: 35.05 (0.00, 53.69)% vs. 58.51 (49.90, 65.45)%, 5 days: 39.88 (0.00, 77.01)% vs. 56.94 (41.71, 66.66)%, both P < 0.05], indicating that the degree of craniocerebral injury affected the contractive function of gastric antrum. However, there was no significant difference in ACF or MI between the two groups at different time points after injury. ③ The contractile function of gastric antrum was decreased after craniocerebral injury in both groups of patients with different lesion locations of craniocerebral injury. The ACF, ACA, and MI at 3-4 days in patients with supratentorial combined infratentorial lesion (n = 12) were slightly lower than those in patients with simple supratentorial lesion [n = 21; 3 days: ACF (times/min) was 0.83 (0.00, 2.00) vs. 2.25 (0.00, 3.00), ACA was 35.05 (0.00, 53.60)% vs. 49.93 (0.00, 63.44)%, MI was 0.29 (0.00, 1.07) vs. 1.23 (0.00, 1.61); 4 days: ACF (times/min) was 1.42 (0.50, 2.63) vs. 2.00 (1.63, 2.63), ACA was 30.45 (21.69, 60.61)% vs. 43.29 (38.41, 53.35)%, MI was 0.50 (0.15, 1.45) vs. 0.97 (0.66, 1.28)] without statistical differences (all P > 0.05), indicating that the lesion location might not affect the contractive function of gastric antrum. Conclusion In the early stage of craniocerebral injury, the contractile function of gastric antrum was decreased, and the more severe the craniocerebral injury, the worse contractive function of gastric antrum.[Key words] Craniocerebral injury; Antral contraction; Enteral nutrition; Antral ultrasonography

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency introduction of L-vitamin C in patients with melasma.Methods:From March to June 2019, 20 patients with melasma were admitted to the Department of Dermatology, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, including 19 females and 1 male, aged 30-60 years, with an average age of 43.5 years. All patients were treated with 22 percent of L-vitamin C once a week, a total of 8 times of treatment and followed up for 12 weeks. Each subject was assessed with standardized clinical photo, skin tests (VISIA skin image analyzer and CK multifunctional skin tester) and patient self-assessment. In addition, the adverse reactions were recorded.Results:Physician evaluation and patient self-evaluation showed that skin symptoms were improved obviously after treatment. 90% of the subjects thought that all of the skin moisture, pores, fine lines, glossiness, and color spots were improved after 12 weeks. The skin texture, ultraviolet stain and the brown spots which were detected with VISIA skin image analyzer were all improved after one week and one month. Difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Skin glossiness was significantly improved, skin moisture content increased and melanin decreased, which were detected with CK multifunctional skin tester. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). But there was no significant change in transdermal water loss and red pigment index ( P>0.05). Conclusions:22% L-vitamin C can be used to treat melasma and improve photoaging safely without affecting skin barrier function.

OBJECTIVE: To study the influential factor of hyperlactatemia after the brain tumor craniotomy. METHODS: Patients who underwent selective brain tumor (including glioma, meningioma and acoustic schwannoma) craniotomyin the neurosurgery intensive care unit (NSICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from December 1st 2018 to May 20th 2019 were enrolled. The incidence of hyperlactatemia after the brain tumor craniotomy was investigated. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis were performed to identify the association of initial artery lactate with the operation duration, the intraoperative blood loss, the total intraoperative fluid infusion, intraoperative ringer lactate fluid infusion, intraoperative urine volume, intraoperative fluid balance, the total intraoperative corticosteroids dosage and the tumor type. Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between lactate in arterial blood and independent related factors. RESULTS: A total of 148 patients were enrolled including 45 patients (30.41%) with glioma, 64 patients (43.24%) with meningioma, and 39 patients (26.35%) with acoustic schwannoma. The initial lactate level in arterial blood increased significantly in 148 patients, with a median of 4.80 (3.68, 5.90) mmol/L. Among them, 78 patients (52.70%) had mild elevation of lactate in arterial blood (2 mmol/L < lactate ≤ 5 mmol/L), 61 patients (41.22%) had significant elevation of lactate in arterial blood (5 mmol/L < lactate ≤ 10 mmol/L), and 2 patients (1.35%) had serious elevation of artery lactate (> 10 mmol/L). And only 7 patients (4.73%) had normal level of lactate in arterial blood (≤ 2 mmol/L). Univariate analysis showed that initial postoperative artery lactate was positively correlated with the operation duration [β = 0.556, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.257-0.855, P < 0.001] and the total intraoperative corticosteroids dosage (β = 0.477, 95%CI was 0.174-0.779, P = 0.002). There was no significant correlation between the initial postoperative artery lactate and tumor types, the intraoperative blood loss, the total fluid infusion, the ringer lactate fluid infusion, urine volume, and the fluid balance. Further multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the operation duration (β = 0.499, 95%CI was 0.204-0.795, P = 0.001) and the total intraoperative corticosteroids dosage (β = 0.407, 95%CI was 0.111-0.703, P = 0.008) were independent risk factors affecting the initial postoperative artery lactate. The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between lactate in arterial blood and operation time and total hormone dosage during operation (r₁ = 0.289, r₂ = 0.248, both P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Initial artery lactate after brain tumor craniotomy is associated with surgery duration and exogenous administration of corticosteroids.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use* ; Arteries ; Brain Neoplasms ; Craniotomy ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To evaluate systematic reviews or Meta-analyses related to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in closed suction system or open suction system.Methods CNKI, CBM, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, MEDLIN and Embase databases were searched for systematic reviews or meta-analyses in closed suction system and open suction system. Two reviewers independently evaluated the articles, and then extracted the data. QQAQ evaluation sheet was used to assess and cross-check reporting characteristics and methodological quality of included literature respectively, and divergence would be resolved by discussion. Results Nine systematic reviews or Meta-analysis were included, which involved three aspects: incidence rate of VAP, airway colonization bacteria and the duration of mechanical ventilation.Conclusions This revaluation of systemic evaluation provides high-quality evidence resources and provides reliable evidence support for the development of clinical practice.

Objective:To automatically synthesize Al 18F-1, 4, 7-triazacyclononane-1, 4, 7-triacetic acid (NOTA)-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-04, perform PET/CT imaging in vivo, and evaluate its diagnostic efficacy on tumors. Methods:Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 was produced in All-in-one automatic synthesis module and its quality control was conducted by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a radioactive detector. Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging was performed in normal BALB/c mice ( n=3) and 4T1 breast cancer models ( n=3) to determine its biodistribution. Then Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging were performed in a hepatocellular carcinoma patient (male, 51 years old). Results:The synthesis time of Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 was about 35 min, and the radiochemical yield was (25.2±1.9)% (attenuation correction, n=3). The product was colorless transparent solution with pH value of 7.0-7.5, and the specific activity was (46.11±3.07) GBq/μmol (attenuation correction, n=3). The radiochemical purity was above 99.0% and was still above 98.0% at room temperature after 6 h. PET/CT imaging in mice showed that physiological uptake of Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 was mainly in biliary system and bladder, and Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 highly concentrated in tumor xenografts. PET/CT imaging in the patient showed that Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 obtained high tumor background ratio (TBR) values of 4.1, 8.9, 5.4, 4.8, 2.2 in parasternal lymph nodes, anterior diaphragmatic lymph nodes, hilar lymph nodes, pancreaticoduodenal ligament lymph nodes, abdominal aortic lymph nodes, respectively, while TBR values were 1.0, 2.8, 5.0, 2.1, 1.1 by 18F-FDG. Conclusions:Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 can be synthesized with short time, high radiochemical yield and good stability using All-in-one module. Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging has high contrast and excellent diagnostic efficacy on tumors.

Objective: To study the influential factor of hyperlactatemia after the brain tumor craniotomy. Methods: Patients who underwent selective brain tumor (including glioma, meningioma and acoustic schwannoma) craniotomyin the neurosurgery intensive care unit (NSICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from December 1st 2018 to May 20th 2019 were enrolled. The incidence of hyperlactatemia after the brain tumor craniotomy was investigated. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis were performed to identify the association of initial artery lactate with the operation duration, the intraoperative blood loss, the total intraoperative fluid infusion, intraoperative ringer lactate fluid infusion, intraoperative urine volume, intraoperative fluid balance, the total intraoperative corticosteroids dosage and the tumor type. Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between lactate in arterial blood and independent related factors. Results: A total of 148 patients were enrolled including 45 patients (30.41%) with glioma, 64 patients (43.24%) with meningioma, and 39 patients (26.35%) with acoustic schwannoma. The initial lactate level in arterial blood increased significantly in 148 patients, with a median of 4.80 (3.68, 5.90) mmol/L. Among them, 78 patients (52.70%) had mild elevation of lactate in arterial blood (2 mmol/L < lactate ≤ 5 mmol/L), 61 patients (41.22%) had significant elevation of lactate in arterial blood (5 mmol/L < lactate ≤ 10 mmol/L), and 2 patients (1.35%) had serious elevation of artery lactate (> 10 mmol/L). And only 7 patients (4.73%) had normal level of lactate in arterial blood (≤ 2 mmol/L). Univariate analysis showed that initial postoperative artery lactate was positively correlated with the operation duration [β = 0.556, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.257-0.855, P < 0.001] and the total intraoperative corticosteroids dosage (β = 0.477, 95%CI was 0.174-0.779, P = 0.002). There was no significant correlation between the initial postoperative artery lactate and tumor types, the intraoperative blood loss, the total fluid infusion, the ringer lactate fluid infusion, urine volume, and the fluid balance. Further multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the operation duration (β = 0.499, 95%CI was 0.204-0.795, P = 0.001) and the total intraoperative corticosteroids dosage (β = 0.407, 95%CI was 0.111-0.703, P = 0.008) were independent risk factors affecting the initial postoperative artery lactate. The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between lactate in arterial blood and operation time and total hormone dosage during operation (r₁ = 0.289, r₂ = 0.248, both P < 0.01). Conclusion Initial artery lactate after brain tumor craniotomy is associated with surgery duration and exogenous administration of corticosteroids.