Objective:To determine the valproate concentration in plasma of epilepsy patients by HPLC, and compare with the re-sults of chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay ( CMIA) to evaluate the consistency of the two methods. Methods:HPLC and CMIA was respectively applied to determine the plasma concentration of valproate in 230 epileptic patients. The correlation of the two methods was studied by Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman method. Results:The regression equation of the determination re-sults of HPLC (Y) and CMIA (X) was Y=1. 069 7X+2. 338 2 (R2 =0. 969, n=230), which showed promising correlation. Bland-Altman analysis showed that the consistency of the two methods was poor, and the values of HPLC were higher. Conclusion: HPLC and CMIA used for the determination of valproate plasma concentration show good correlation. However, the consistency is poor and there is system error. In the clinical treatment, adjustment and choice should be paid more attention.

By using the so-called “lag-time” method, we studied the effect of membrane thickness(h), initial drug concentration(Co) and flow rate(V) on the difusion coefficient(D) of model drug in membranes. The expe riment indica tes that D increases as hand vincrease; D Keeps constant when C0 changes; Un den the same condition, the D value of N-alkyl chitosan membrane is bigger than that of pure chitosan membrane.

ObjectiveTo detect the mutations of GJB3 and GJB4 genes in two sporadic cases of erythrokeratodermia variabilis(EKV).MethodsGenomic DNA was extracted from two sporadic patients with EKV,their family members,and 100 normal human controls.All the exons and adjacent splice sites of GJB3 and GJB4 genes were amplified by PCR.Mutation scanning was carried out via direct bidirectional DNA sequencing.ResultsA G134C mutation was found at the GJB3 gene in patient 1,which caused a substitution of glycine by alanine at codon 45 (G45A).No mutation was found in the GJB4 gene in case 1 or GJB3 and GJB4 genes in case 2.ConclusionA missence mutation G45A in GJB3 gene is found in a patient with EKV.

Objective Compared with haloperidol treatment,naloxone and naloxone combined haloperidol treatments were assessed in their efficacy and safety for excited type delirium in elderly.Methods The elderly patients with delirium were divided into haloperidol treatment (H),naloxone treatment (N) and combined treatment (C) in a prospective randomized controlled design.Delirium score scale (DSS) was used before and after treatments respectively.Clinical global impression scale-severity of illness (CGI-SI) score was evaluated daily to assess the onset time and improvement of delirium.Agitation-calmness evaluation scale (ACES) observed calmness effect in agitated patients before and after every medication intervention.Treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) assessed side effects of all medications.Results The duration of three groups(H(4.0 ±2.9)d,N(4.2± 3.5) d,C (3.2 ± 3.2) d) had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) by multiple comparison.Compared the onset time of three groups (H (2.4 ± 1.6) d,N (2.4 ± 1.4) d,C (1.3 ± 0.9) d),the combined group was faster than the other two groups (all P ＜ 0.05),no significant difference between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05).DSS scores had no significant differences (P＞ 0.05) in three groups before treatment,so did CGI-SI scores.In the end,DSS scores were(H:18.8 ± 11.5,N:27.7 ± 7.2,C:29.5 ± 5.6) respectively.Statistically naloxone group and combined group with no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05),were better than the haloperidol group (all P ＜ 0.01) in recovery.At the same time CGI-SI scores were (H:3.3 ± 1.5,N:2.5 ± 1.5,C:1.8 ± 0.9) respectively.Statistically combined group was better than the haloperidol group (P ＜ 0.01),and no significant difference with naloxone group (P ＞ 0.05).Three groups had no significant difference in ACES scores (P ＞ 0.05) before and after medication interventions(H:5.9 ± 1.6,N:6.2 ± 1.8,C:6.4 ± 1.6) (P ＞ 0.05).Haloperidol group had 4 cases of extrapyramidal symptom evaluated by TESS and combined group had 2 cases.Two groups had no significant difference (Chisquare test P ＞ 0.05) in extrapyramidal symptom incidence.The naloxone group showed no side effects.Conclusion Naloxone combined haloperidol is slight better than naloxone,more than haloperidol in terms of efficacy.Haloperidol equally with combined medication showed more side effects than naloxone.

Objective To study the effect of ratanasampil (RNSP) which is Traditional Tibetan Medicine on the levels of serum β-amyloid protein, interleukin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods One hundred AD patients were divided into two groups in randomized controlled study, including treatment group (RNSP 1 g/d) and control group (piracetam 2.4 g/d). The treatment lasted 12 weeks. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Alzheimer' s disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) and Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADLs) were taken to evaluate the efficacy. Serum levels of amyloid peptides (Aβ40 and Aβ42 ) were measured by ELISA assay. The radioimmunologic assay was used to determine the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. Results The scores of MMSE, ADAS-cog and ADL significantly improved at 12 weeks after RNSP treatment (P＜0.01, 0.01, 0.05, respectively), while had no significant changes in piracetam group (P＜0.05).The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and Aβ42 were significantly lower in RNSP group than in Piracetam group (P＜0.01). There was a decrease trend of the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio at 12 weeks after RNSP treatment (P＜0. 05, P＜0.01 ). The serum Aβ42 level had strong correlations with TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-6. There were no significant differences in Aβ40 and IL-8 between RNSP group and piracetam group. No obvious drug side effect happened on the groups. Conclusions The reductions of serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels after RNSP treatment may lead to decrease of Aβ42 production in AD patients. RNSP may decrease the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and slow down the progress of AD. It may improve the learning and memory ability in treating patients with mild to moderate AD and is well tolerated and safe.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a device that called bipolar RF (Aluma) for non-ablative treatment of facial laxity.Methods Thirty-nine Chinese volunteers of skin types Ⅲ-Ⅳ,with facial laxity and periorbital rhytides,received five times treatments at 10 days interval with Aluma RF energies (6-10 W).Standardized photographs were taken at baseline and serially for 3 months after the last treatment.The photographs were evaluated to assess the improvement in skin Iaxity by both doctors and patients.Results At 1-3 months after the last treatment,the results showed significantly subjective improvement in skin 1axity of cheek(P＜0.05),and mild to moderate Subiective improvement in skin laxity of periorbital area,nasolabial fold and upper neck.There was no serious complication.Conclusion The bipolar radiofrequency produces mild to moderate improvement of facial laxity in Chinese with no serious adverse sequelae.A high patients'satisfaction is achieved.However,further studies are necessary to demonstrate the long-term effects of the procedure and to optimize treatment parameters.

Objective To establish a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determining phenytoin concentration in epilepsy patients' plasma,and compare this method with chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA),and to evaluate the consistency of the two methods.Methods HPLC and CMIA methods were applied to determine the plasma concentration of phenytoin in 60 epileptic patients,respectively.The difference of results was analyzed by two-side paired t-test,and then the correlation and consistency of the two methods were investigated with Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman method.Results There was no significant difference between the results of the two methods (P ＞0.05).The regression equation of the determination results by HPLC (Y) and CMIA (X) was Y=0.992 9X +0.143 7 (R2 =0.992 6,n =60),which indicated the correlation of the two methods was good.Bland-Altman analysis showed that the consistency of the two methods for determining was good.Conclusion HPLC and CMIA method in monitoring plasma concentration of phenytoin have good correlation and consistency.Both methods can be used for therapeutic drug monitoring of phenytoin.

Objective To explore the significance of signal and volume change from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of hysteromyoma before and after uterine artery embolization (UAE) in the therapy evaluation. Methods MRI was performed in 30 patients (50 hysteromyoma) before and 3,6 and 12 months after UAE. They were grouped by location, signal and size. The MRI signal changes and the hysteromyoma's volume reduction ratio were measured. Results After 3,6,12 months, MRI of hysteromyoma was changed significantly, and all hysteromyomas had lower T2WI signals than before, some of which had higher T1WI signals. Hysteromyoma's volumes were progressively reduced, the majority of which shrinked significantly within 3 months. Evaluated by 12 month's volume changes, significant volume reduction was found in submucous fibroids, and significant difference was showed compared with intramural fibroids and subserosal fibroids (88.9 % vs. 73.7 % and 68.3 %, P=0.036, P=0.019), meanwhile,the latter two had no significant difference (P=0.384). The volume reduction rate in rich cell fibroids was higher than those in ordinary no degeneration fibroids and degeneration type, and there were significant differences (85.7 % vs. 72.1 % and 63.4%, P=0.038, P=0.014). Besides, the latter two had no significant difference (P=0.364). Large fibroids shrinked more obviously than small ones with significant difference (75.2 % vs. 59.6 %, χ2=4.563, P=0.044). Conclusion MRI is useful for the evaluation of efficacy in hysteromyoma before and after UAE, which can provide the better interventional treatment for the patients in regard to different sensitivity of hysteromyoma to UAE.

Objective To investigate the effects of Tangshen Formula on liver oxidative stress in diabetic rats, and their mechanisms thereof.Methods Rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was estab?lished by intraperitoneally injecting small dose of chain urea with cephalosporins (STZ) and feeding high fat fodder . The model rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, Tangshen Formula group and metformin group.The se?rum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHO), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase(CAT), vitamin E(VE), nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in liver were compared between four groups. Changes of pathological morphology were ob?served under light microscopy. Results There were significantly decrease in serum levels of ALT, AST, TG, CHO, LDL-C in Tangshen Formula group and metformin group compared with those of model group. There were significantly higher levels of SOD, CAT and VE, and lower levels of NO and NOS of liver homogenate in Tangshen Formula group than those of model group. There were higher levels of SOD and CAT, and lower levels of NO and NOS in liver homogenate in metformin group than those of model group. HE staining showed that liver fatty degeneration was significantly reduced in metformin group and Tangshen Formula group compared with that of model group. Conclusion The fatty liver in type 2 diabetic rats is signifi?cantly improved by Tangshen Formula treatment, which is probably associated with the regulation of the response level to oxi?dative stress in liver.

Objective To develop a intelligentized delirium assessment system based on the Confusion Assessment Model for Intensive Care Unit ( CAM-ICU ) and test its usability among nurses in the ICU . Methods Through convenient sampling , investigators selected 68 ICU nurses from 3 hospitals in Beijing to participate in this study .Participants tried the new intelligentized system before they filled in the evaluation form named as "Usability analysis of the intelligentized CAM-ICU delirium assessment system interface evaluation questionnaire"which was adapted from the framework of "Technology Acceptance Model".Results Among the 68 ICU nurses, 51.5% had received delirium assessment training prior to the study , 79.4% had cared for delirious patient and 70.6% had actually identified delirious symptoms among the patients they cared in the past.The average score for the items in the questionnaire ranged from 3.4 to 4.0.The scores among nurses who had received delirium assessment training before the study had significant difference compared to the ones who did not (P<0.05).They had perceived that the design of the system was satisfactory , and they were willing to use this system in delirium assessment , and expressed that it could improve their ability in assessing delirium therefore promoted the overall quality nursing care of patients (χ2 =6.28,P =0.012).Conclusions The design of the intelligentized CAM-ICU delirium assessment system is simple to use and easy to operate , especially among those who have had knowledge related to delirium assessment prior to the study .It reflects that this system is useful in identification of delirious patient and can improve the accuracy of delirium diagnosis in the ICU.