Objective This study was performed to investigate clinical characteristics of albuminuria in octagenarian or nanogenarian and provide primary study for chronic kidney disease in eldly patients.Methods The data of 218 patients with albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR)between 30 ~300 mg/g from first morning urine in hospital from June 2012 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.Consec-utive hospitalized old patients were divided into 80 +group(aged from 80 to 89 years old)and 90 +group(age≥90 years old),who were al-so divided into albuminuria positive group(ACR 30 ~300 mg/g)and albuminuria negative group(ACR <30 mg/g)according to the ACR. Cohort study was performed to investigate albuminuria related characteristics.Results Of the 218 hospitalized old men,53.21% developed albuminuria with average Log ACR (1.78 ±0.85)mg/g.Albuminuria was positive in 45.16% of 80 +group compared to that of69.84% in 90 +group(P <0.05).For albuminuria positive old men average Log ACR (2.03 ±0.62)mg/g,while it was Log ACR(1.03 ±0.44)mg/g in al-buminuria negative old men.Positive rate of albuminuria in 80 + group vs.90 + group accompanied with either diabetes,hypertension or eGFR <60 mL·(min·1.73 m2 )-1 were 50% vs.77.5%(P <0.05),50.38% vs.58.82%(P >0.05),66.21% vs.75%(P >0.05), respectively.Of a few old men who were free from diabetes,hypertension or eGFR <60 mL·(min·1.73 m2 )-1 the corresponding rate of al-buminuria were 35.39% (21 /59),16.00%(4 /25)and 25.84% (23 /89),respectively.Conclusion Occurrence of albuminuria was seen in 53.21% of advanced aged hospitalized men,with tendency of higher occurrence rate in nanogenarian than those in the octogenarian.

Objective Cystatin C (CysC) is a cysteine protease inhibitor,is widely expressed in human eukaryotic cells,CysC involved in diabetic nephropathy,retinopathy,peripheral vascular disease and type 2 diabetes,insulin resistance occurs Development,as a predictor of type 2 diabetes and complications

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of 10-day compound allantoin containing quadruple regimen in the treatment of chronic gastritis with Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection,and to compare with the bismuth-containing quadruple therapy.Methods Altogether 173 patients with H.pylori positive chronic gastritis confirmed by gastric endoscope were divided into 10-day compound allantoin containing quadruple regimen group (n =43),24-day compound allantoin containing quadruple regimen group (n =46),10-day bismuth-containing quadruple regimen group (n =42) and 24-day bismuth-containing quadruple regimen group (n =42).After the treatment,the eradication rate of H.pylori,the rate of gastrointestinal symptoms (epigastric pain,bloating and belching) relief and the adverse effects of each group were observed.Intention-to-treat (ITT),per-protocol (PP) statistical analysis and chi-square analysis were performed for statistical analysis.Results H.pylori eradication rates of 10-day compound allantoin containing quadruple regimen group,24-day compound allantoin containing quadruple regimen group,10-day bismuth-containing quadruple regimen group and 24-day bismuth-containing quadruple regimen group analyzed by ITT were 90.7％ (39/43),91.3％ (42/46),90.5％ (38/42) and 88.1％ (37/42),respectively; while analyzed by PP were 90.7％ (39/43),93.3％ (42/45),90.5％ (38/42) and 90.2％ (37/41),respectively.And there were no statistical differences between groups (all P＞0.05).Ten days after the treatment,the rates of epigastric pain relief of 24-day compound allantoin containing quadruple regimen group and 24-day bismuth-containing quadruple regimen group were 81.1％ (30/37) and 78.8％ (26/33),respectively,the rates of bloating relief were 82.4％ (28/34) and 71.0％ (22/31),respectively,and the rates of belching relief were 76.9％ (20/26) and 75.0％ (21/28),respectively.There were no statistical differences between the two groups (all P＞ 0.05).However after 24-day treatment,the rates of epigastric pain relief of 24-day compound allantoin containing quadruple regimen group and 24-day bismuth-containing quadruple regimen group were 91.9 ％ (34/37) and 87.9％ (29/33),respectively,the rates of bloating relief were 94.1％ (32/34) and 87.1％ (27/31),respectively,and the rates of belching relief were 96.2％ (25/26) and 85.7％ (24/28),respectively.There were no statistical differences between the two groups (all P＞0.05).And the rates of epigastric pain and bloating relief increased after 24-day treatment compared with those of 10-day treatment,however the differences were not statistically significant between the two groups (all P＞ 0.05).In 24-day compound allantoin containing quadruple regimen group,the rate of belching relief was higher after 24-day treatment compared with that of 10-day treatment,and the difference was statistically significant (x2=4.127,P=0.042).No severe adverse effects were observed in each group,and there were no adverse effects such as oral metal odor,tongue black and melena in compound allantoin containing quadruple therapy.Conclusions Ten-day compound allantoin containing quadruple therapy as first-line approach in the treatment of chronic gastritis with H.pylori infection can get better H.pylori eradication and the efficacy is similar to bismuth quadruple therapy.Meanwhile the symptom relief rate is high and no obvious adverse effects were found.

Background:The efficacy of standard triple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori(Hp)is decreasing in recent years,and bismuth-containing quadruple regimen becomes the first-line therapy for Hp infection. However,the application of bismuth has some limitations. Aims:To investigate the efficacy of proton pump inhibitor(PPI)-based standard triple therapy combined with teprenone for Hp eradication. Methods:A total of 155 Hp-infected chronic gastritis patients were enrolled from Jan. 2013 to Dec. 2014 at Aerospace Center Hospital,and were randomly assigned into standard triple therapy group,bismuth-containing quadruple therapy group and teprenone-containing quadruple therapy group. Patients in standard triple therapy group were given rabeprazole sodium 20 mg + amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium 914 mg +clarithromycin 500 mg bid for 10 days. Patients in bismuth-containing quadruple therapy group were given standard triple therapy combined with bismuth potassium citrate 0. 6 g bid for 10 days. Patients in teprenone-containing quadruple therapy group were given standard triple therapy combined with teprenone 50 mg bid for 10 days. Symptoms of patients were evaluated before and after eradication therapy. Four weeks after the end of therapy,13 C-urea breath test( UBT)was reexamined to assess the status of Hp infection. Results:One hundred and fifty-two patients completed the treatment course. By ITT analysis,the eradication rates of standard triple therapy group,bismuth-containing quadruple therapy group and teprenone-containing quadruple therapy group were 69. 8%(37 / 53),86. 5% (45 / 52)and 88. 0% (44 / 50), respectively;by PP analysis,the eradication rates of the three groups were 71. 2%(37 / 52),88. 2% (45 / 51)and 89. 8%(44 / 49),respectively. Eradication rates analyzed by ITT and PP in bismuth-containing quadruple therapy group and teprenone-containing quadruple therapy group were significantly higher than those in standard triple therapy group(P <0. 05),but no statistically significant difference was found between these two groups( P > 0. 05). Relieving rates of abdominal pain,abdominal distention and belching in bismuth-containing quadruple therapy group and teprenone-containing quadruple therapy group were higher than those in standard triple therapy group,but statistically significant difference was only found in relieving of abdominal pain between teprenone-containing quadruple therapy group and standard triple therapy group(88. 9% vs. 70. 3% ,P < 0. 05). Adverse effects included transient and mild nausea,diarrhea and black stool, etc. Conclusions:Teprenone-containing quadruple regimen are effective for Hp eradication and symptoms relieving with no severe adverse effects,the efficacy is comparable with bismuth-containing quadruple regimen.

Objective To explore the role of pregabalin on the expression of c-fos in spinal dorsal horn of the rat with neuropathic pain.Methods Thirty Wister rats (male) were divided into shamoperated group,model group and pregabalin group,with 10 cases in each group.The effect of the pregabalin on the heat pain threshold and expression of c-fos in spinal dorsal horn of the rat with neuropathic pain were observed.Results The heat pain threshold in model group at 3rd,4th,5th,6th,7th,10th and 14th day after operation was significantly lower than that in sham-operated group and pregabalin group at same time (P ＜ 0.05).The heat pain threshold in pregabalin group was lower than that in sham-operated group from 2nd day after operation,but there was no significant difference (P ＞0.05).At the 14th day after operation,the number of Fos-like-immunoreactivity (FLI) positive cells in sham-operated group,model group and pregabalin group was (16.4 ± 0.6),(66.7 ± 3.3) and (22.8 ± 1.5)cases,and the number of FLI positive cells in model group was significantly higher than that in shamoperated group and pregabalin group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Pregabalin has analgesic activity on rat with neuropathic pain.Pregabalin activates spinal cord glial cells raisedby the injured peripheral nerve and infection,and also reduces the noxious stimulation of afferent pain to spinal dorsal horn neurons.

Objective:To determine the valproate concentration in plasma of epilepsy patients by HPLC, and compare with the re-sults of chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay ( CMIA) to evaluate the consistency of the two methods. Methods:HPLC and CMIA was respectively applied to determine the plasma concentration of valproate in 230 epileptic patients. The correlation of the two methods was studied by Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman method. Results:The regression equation of the determination re-sults of HPLC (Y) and CMIA (X) was Y=1. 069 7X+2. 338 2 (R2 =0. 969, n=230), which showed promising correlation. Bland-Altman analysis showed that the consistency of the two methods was poor, and the values of HPLC were higher. Conclusion: HPLC and CMIA used for the determination of valproate plasma concentration show good correlation. However, the consistency is poor and there is system error. In the clinical treatment, adjustment and choice should be paid more attention.

Objective To determine the risk factors for postoperative respiratory complications and establish a preoperative risk scoring system.Methods Patients,aged ≥ 18 yr,scheduled for elective surgery or undergoing emergency operation under total intravenous anesthesia or field block anesthesia,were studied.The general data of patients,preoperative SpO2,and conditions of respiratory infection,anemia or cough tests within 1 month before surgery were recorded.The operative sites (thorax,upper abdomen,other sites),duration of operation,type of surgery (emergency operation/elective operation),and methods of anesthesia (general anesthesia/field block) were also recorded.According to the development of respiratory complications within 1-7 days after operation,the patients were divided into either postoperative respiratory complication group or non-postoperative respiratory complication group.The risk factors of which P values were less than 0.05 would enter the multivariate logistic regression analysis to pick out the risk factors for postoperative respiratory complications and to establish a preoperative risk scoring system.Results Two thousand and thirty-seven patients completed the study.A total of 493 patients developed postoperative pulmonary complications,and the incidence was 24.20％.Statistical analysis showed that the risk factors associated with postoperative respiratory complications included age ＞ 50 yr,preoperative SpO2 ≤90％,high ASA physical status,duration of smoking ＞ 1 yr,positive cough tests,respiratory infections at one month before operation,preoperative anemia,upper abdominal and intrathoracic operations,duration of operation ＞ 2 h.A preoperative risk scoring system was established for postoperative respiratory complications based on 6 independent risk factors:preoperative SpO2,anemia,respiratory infections,age,duration of operation and operative sites.The incidence of postoperative respiratory complications was 61.9 ％,52.8 ％ and 17.2 ％ in high-risk,medium-risk and low-risk groups,respectively,and there was significant difference between the three groups (P ＜ 0.01).Area under the ROC curve was 90％ for subsamples and 87％ for the validation subsamples.Conclusion Age ＞ 50 yr,high ASA physical status,duration of smoking ＞ 1 yr,positive cough tests,preoperative SpO2 ≤90％,anemia,respiratory infections at one month before operation,duration of operation ＞ 2 h,upper abdominal and intrathoracic operations are risk factors for postoperative respiratory complications.A preoperative risk scoring system is successfully established for postoperative respiratory complications based on preoperative SpO2,anemia,respiratory infections,age,duration of operation and operative sites.

Objective Compared with haloperidol treatment,naloxone and naloxone combined haloperidol treatments were assessed in their efficacy and safety for excited type delirium in elderly.Methods The elderly patients with delirium were divided into haloperidol treatment (H),naloxone treatment (N) and combined treatment (C) in a prospective randomized controlled design.Delirium score scale (DSS) was used before and after treatments respectively.Clinical global impression scale-severity of illness (CGI-SI) score was evaluated daily to assess the onset time and improvement of delirium.Agitation-calmness evaluation scale (ACES) observed calmness effect in agitated patients before and after every medication intervention.Treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) assessed side effects of all medications.Results The duration of three groups(H(4.0 ±2.9)d,N(4.2± 3.5) d,C (3.2 ± 3.2) d) had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) by multiple comparison.Compared the onset time of three groups (H (2.4 ± 1.6) d,N (2.4 ± 1.4) d,C (1.3 ± 0.9) d),the combined group was faster than the other two groups (all P ＜ 0.05),no significant difference between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05).DSS scores had no significant differences (P＞ 0.05) in three groups before treatment,so did CGI-SI scores.In the end,DSS scores were(H:18.8 ± 11.5,N:27.7 ± 7.2,C:29.5 ± 5.6) respectively.Statistically naloxone group and combined group with no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05),were better than the haloperidol group (all P ＜ 0.01) in recovery.At the same time CGI-SI scores were (H:3.3 ± 1.5,N:2.5 ± 1.5,C:1.8 ± 0.9) respectively.Statistically combined group was better than the haloperidol group (P ＜ 0.01),and no significant difference with naloxone group (P ＞ 0.05).Three groups had no significant difference in ACES scores (P ＞ 0.05) before and after medication interventions(H:5.9 ± 1.6,N:6.2 ± 1.8,C:6.4 ± 1.6) (P ＞ 0.05).Haloperidol group had 4 cases of extrapyramidal symptom evaluated by TESS and combined group had 2 cases.Two groups had no significant difference (Chisquare test P ＞ 0.05) in extrapyramidal symptom incidence.The naloxone group showed no side effects.Conclusion Naloxone combined haloperidol is slight better than naloxone,more than haloperidol in terms of efficacy.Haloperidol equally with combined medication showed more side effects than naloxone.

Objective To evaluate the role of alpha4 beta2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the inhibition of synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) by isoflurane in the CA1 area of rat hippocampal slices.Methods Hippocampal slices (400 μm thick) were prepared from the brains of adult male SD rats, 2 months old, weighing 200-250 g, anesthetized with ether and decapitated. The slices were incubated in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) at room temperature for at least 2 h before use. Seventy slices were randomly divided into 10 groups ( n = 7 each): Ⅰ LTP group in which the slices were perfused with aCSF; Ⅱ , Ⅲ and Ⅳ group in which the slices were perfused with aCSF containing isoflurane 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mmol/L respectively (group Ⅰ1-3 );Ⅴ and Ⅵ group in which the slices were perfused with aCSF containing epibatidine 0.1 and 1.0 μmol/L respectively (group E1.2 ); Ⅶ group epibatidine 0.1 μmol/L + isoflurane 0.25 mmol/L (group E1 + I2 ); Ⅷgroup epibatidine 1.0 μmol/L + isoflurane 0.25 mmol/L (group E2 + I2); Ⅸ group DHβE 0.1 μmol/L (group D); Ⅹ group DHβE 0.1 μmol/L + isoflurane 0.125 mmol/L (group D + I1 ). Population spikes (PS) were recorded for at least 30 min before LTP in each group. For LTP induction, high-frequency stimulation (HFS) was applied to the Schaffer collateral-commissural pathway of hippocampus and maintained for 15 min using a stimulating electrode.The changes in PS amplitude were analyzed at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min after HFS in each group. Results Compared with group LTP, the PS amplitude was significantly decreased after HFS in group I1 ,I2, I3 , D, D + I1 and E1 + I2 ( P ＜ 0.05), while increased after HFS in group E1 .2 ( P ＜ 0.05 ), but no significant change was found after HFS in group E2 + I2 ( P ＞ 0.05). The PS amplitude was significantly decreased after HFS in group D + I1 compared with group I1 (P ＜ 0.05). The PS amplitude was significantly increased after HFS in group E1 + I2 and F2 + I2 compared with group I2 ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion Isoflurane inhibits LTP induction via inhibiting the activation of alpha4 beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in rat hippocampus.

Objective:To establish T lineage leukemia Jurkat cell mice model of over expression of C-terminal Src kinase binding protein( Cbp ) and Cbp palmitoylation and to research the effect of Cbp and Cbp palmitoylation to proliferation of Jurkat cell.Methods:Virus transfected cell of neg-EGFP,Cbp-EGFP and Cbp-m-EGFP were used in mice model.24 female BALB/c-nu mice were randomly divided into blank control group,empty virus control group,over expression of CBP group and Cbp palmitoylation group, 6 mice in each group.The nude mice were weighed in 0,1,2,3,4,5 weeks.The amount of white blood cell in peripheral blood were counted in 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 weeks.The proliferation of Jurkat cell in peripheral blood of mice were observed by laser confocal microscope.The pathological changes of liver were observed using HE staining.The proliferation of Jurkat cell in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of mice were detected with flow cytometry.Results:The weight of mice in over expression of Cbp group was less than that in blank control group,but higher than that in empty virus control group and Cbp palmitoylation group.The weight of mice in Cbp palmitoylation group was less than that in blank control group,empty virus control group and over expression of Cbp group.The amount of white blood cell in peripheral blood and proliferation of Jurkat cell in liver, bone marrow and peripheral blood of mice in over expression of Cbp group was higher than that in blank control group, but less than that in empty virus control group and Cbp palmitoylation group.The amount of white blood cell in peripheral blood and proliferation of Jurkat cell in liver, bone marrow and peripheral blood of mice in Cbp palmitoylation group was higher than that in blank control group,empty virus control group and over ex-pression of Cbp group.Conclusion:Over expression of Cbp and Cbp palmitoylation in T lineage leukemia Jurkat cell mice model was established.Over expression of Cbp has inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Jurkat cell.Cbp palmitoylation has promotable effect on the proliferation of Jurkat cell.