Objective: To observe the effects of reliving cancerous pain with mitomycin C(MMC). Method:Sixteen patients with terminal cancerous pain received epidural, sacral or neuroplexus administration of MMC 4-8mg (concentration:1-2mg/ml) once a day or every other day, lasting 3-4times and degree of pain relief was evaluated. In different concentration solutions of MMC and normal saline, the pathologic changes of separated nerve of live body in sharp dissection, immersed for 1-24hours (37℃), was observed under microscope. Result: All patients got a good pain relief for 2-6 weeks, nine of them did not required any narcotic analgesic, the other cases needed analgesics, but the dosage required was reduced by 1/2-1/3 and adverse effects did not occur. Pathologic results showed that nerve fiber atrophy appeared with range disturbance, neurilemma changes were dominated by fatty degeneration. Conclusion: MMC can relive cancerous pain,through producing fatty degeneration of neurilemma to reduce excitatory transmission and alleviating nervous constriction of tumor.

Objective To investigate effects of pedicle processing methods on the survival and appearance of the pedicle flaps. Methods The study involved 17 patients with soft tissue defects of extremities treated with the “exclamation mark” shaped pedicle flaps from October 2009 to January 2011.The traditional pedicled rotation flaps was designed to be a tennis racket-like shape,then the rotational pedicle was designed to small round tension reduction flap and pedicled rotation flaps,which contributed to formation of the “exclamation mark” shaped pedicle flaps.The soft tissue defects was located at the upper extremity in three patients and at lower extremity in 14,with defect areas of 4.0 cm× 7.2 cm-5.8 cm × 14.0 cm.There used two superficial radial nerve vasotrophic flaps,one ulnar artery supra-carpal cutaneous flap,eight sural neurocutaneous vasotrophic flaps and six saphenous nerve vasotrophic flaps.Results All flaps survived at Ⅰ stage except that one flap had partial distal necrosis postoperatively,which was cured after dress change.The follow-up ranged from six months to one year,which showed unobvious swelling of the survived flaps and good appearance of the rotation point of the pedicle. Conclusion The “ex(c)lamation mark” shaped pedicle flaps can reduce entrapment of the distal pedicle,promote venous drainage,improve survival and modify the appearance of the flaps.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (AP-ROP). Methods A retrospective case-control study was applied. Questionnaire was designed through literature research to collect data of AP-ROP and ordinary ROP(except for AP-ROP)from March,2012 to September, 2014 in the department of neonatology in Guangdong Women and Children′s Hospital. Based on the ratio of 1:2 , the two groups were selected with the matching conditions:the closest date of admission in hospital,ordinary ROP children,collection and analysis of the data. Results Univariate analysis:gestational age(P<0.05),birth weight(P<0.05),oxygen therapy days(P<0.05),days of mechanical ventilation(P<0.05),gestational age<32 w(P<0.05),birth weight<1250 g(P<0.05),oxygen(P<0.05),oxygen≥14 d(P<0.05),mechanical ven-tilation(P < 0.05),mechanical ventilation ≥ 14 d(P < 0.05),PS(P < 0.05),neonatal anemia(P < 0.05), blood transfusion≥2 times(P<0.05),RDS(P<0.05),neonatal pneumonia(P<0.05),apnea(P<0.05), BPD(P < 0.05),intracranial hemorrhage(P < 0.05),metabolic acidosis(P < 0.05),and retinal hemorrhage (P < 0.05) were related to AP-ROP. Multivariate analysis with conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that blood transfusion ≥2 times(OR:14.956,95%CI:4.328~51.684)and apnea(OR:7.590,95%CI:2.507~22.978)were regarded as the independent risk factors for AP-ROP. Conclusions AP-ROP is associated with low gestational age,low birth weight,oxygen therapy and related complications including RDS and retinal hemorrhage. Blood transfusion and apnea are important independent risk factors of AP-ROP.

Objective:To study the effect of erythromycin(EM) on cigarette smoke-induced histone deacetylase-3(HDAC3) protein expression in human macrophages in vitro .Methods:The Aqueous cigarette smoke extract ( CSE) was always prepared fresh on the day of the experiment .The U937 monocytic cells were differentiated into macrophages by using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) according to standard procedures .The U937 differentiated cells were treated with either CSE (1%) or EM (1 μg/ml) pre-treatment, and HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA;100 ng/ml) for 24 h.HDAC activity was measured with a colorimetric assay kit and Western blot was used for HDAC3 and factor nuclear-kappaB (NF-κB) protein assays.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) release in the supernatant were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:CSE(1%) significantly de-creased HDAC activity and HDAC 3 protein levels at 24 h.Preincubation with EM (1μg/ml ) for 24 h significantly inhibit CSE (1%) induced decrease of HDAC3 protein expression.Furthermore, Preincubation with EM(1 μg/ml) for 24 h significantly inhibit NF-κB activity and TNF-αrelease in human macrophages .Conclusion:EM is able to restore HDAC3 levels decreased by cigarette smoke and inhibit NF-κB activity resulting in decreasing CSE-mediated TNF-αrelease, which has shown an important explanation that EM possess the anti-inflammatory effect induced by cigarette smoke .

Objective To investigate the relationship of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 with the occurrence of chloasma.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 40 patients with chloasma and 40 healthy human controls,and skin samples were also collected from the lesions of 10 of the patients and normal skin of 10 of the healthy controls.Real time (RT)-PCR was performed to measure the mRNA expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 in skin lesions and blood samples.An immunohistochemical test was conducted to observe the expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 in skin lesions.Statistical analysis was carried out by t test.Results The expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNAs were both significantly higher in skin lesions of the patients than in normal skin of the controls (9.72 ± 2.93 vs.5.10 ± 2.69,t =3.67,P＜ 0.01; 9.52 ± 2.88 vs.4.77 ± 1.90,t =4.36,P＜ 0.01),while no significant difference was found in the mRNA expressions of TLR2 or TLR4 in peripheral blood between the patients and controls (both P ＞ 0.05).As the immunohistochemical test revealed,TLR2 was absent in both the epidermis and vascular endothelial cells in 6 normal control skin samples,weakly expressed in the basal layer of the epidermis but absent in vascular endothelial cells in 4 normal skin samples,and no TLR4 expression was observed in either the epidermis or vascular endothelial cells in these control skin samples.Among the 10 skin samples from chloasma lesions,3 showed TLR2 expression in the whole epidermis,7 in both basal cell layer and prickle cell layer but not in vascular endothelial cells in the superficial dermal layer,all showed strong TLR4 expression in the basal cell layer and weak TLR4 expression in the prickle cell layer,and 3 exhibited TLR4 expression in vascular endothelial cells in the superficial dermal layer.Conclusion TLR-mediated immune responses in local skin might be related to the occurrence of chloasma.

Objective To investigate the molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in Yanbian area .Methods From March 2011 to June 2012 ,a total of 101 consecutive and non-duplicate strains of Staphylococcus aureus were collected from Yanbian Hospital .Genotypes of SCCmec ,spa,and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were determined by PCR combined with DNA sequencing analysis .The pvl gene was detected by PCR .Results The most prevalent SCCmec type was type II (65 .0% ,39/60) ,followed by SCCmec type III (26 .7% ,16/60) .A total of 11 Spa types were identified for the MRSA strains ,including t2460 (55 .0% ,33/60) ,t030 (18 .3% ,11/60) ,t002 ,t324 ,and t632 (5 .0% ,3/60 each) .A total of 29 Spa types were identified for MSSA strains ,including t796 (14 .6% ,6/41) ,t309 (9 .8% ,4/41) ,and t126 (7 .3% ,3/41) . The pvl gene was identified in 5 stains .MRSA strains were classified into three types based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST) ,namely ST5 ,ST239 and ST72 .MLST-based MSSA types were more diverse ,including ST5 ,ST 25 ,ST 15 ,ST 59 ,ST 1 ,ST 7 ,ST 45 ,ST 22 ,and ST 188 .Conclusions ST5-MRSA-SCCmecII-t2460 and ST239-MRSA-SCCmecIII-t030 are the most prevalent MRSA clones in Yanbian area .Multiple prevalent MSSA clones are identified.

Objective To analyze the pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella enteritidisstrains isolated in Longyan city in order to provide reference for effective control, clinical diagnosis and treatment of outbreaks of food-borne diseases.Methods Seventy-seven Salmonella enteritidis strains isolated from food poisoning cases, livestock and poultry meat samples collected for food safety risk monitoring and sporadic cases in 2014 and 2016 were analyzed by PFGE.Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 16 common antibiotics to 57 strains.Results Seventeen PFGE types were identified among the 77 Salmonella strains including three predominant types (P4, P6 and P8) and were grouped into three major pulsotypes (Cluster1-3) at 90% similarity level.The predominant types causing outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis infection were P8, P6, P4 and P14, which were responsible for five cases of food poisoning.These isolated strains were highly resistant to nalidixic acid (93%), followed by resistance towards ampicillin (74%) and streptomycin (54%).Forty-one strains were resistant to three or more antibiotics (71.93%).Conclusion The PFGE types of Salmonella enteritidis strains isolated in Longyan city exhibit polymorphism and are clustered into three major pulsotypes.PFGE molecular typing can provide early-warning of sporadic outbreaks and help to identify the sources of infections in Salmonella enteritidis-related food poisoning.Attentions should be paid to multidrug resistant Salmonella enteritidis.Surveillance for multidrug resistant strains and usage of antibiotics should be strengthened.

Objective To observe expression level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C),VEGF-C receptor-2 and VEGF-C receptor-3 in patients with acute leukemia (AL) and to explore its clinical significance.Methods Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum expression levels of VEGF-C,VEGFR-2,and VEGFR-3 of 51 patients diagnosed with acute leukemia,43 patients under medical treatment and 16 healthy blood donors.Results (1) Serum VEGF-C,VEGFR-2,and VEGFR-3 expression levels in AL patients were significantly higher than those in normal control group.(2) Serum VEGF-C and VEGFR-2 expression levels in complete remission (CR) group significantly declined after treatment.Serum VEGF-C and VEGFR-2 expression levels in non-complete remission (NR) group slightly declined after treatment but no significant difference was found (P＞0.05).(3) No significant difference was found in serum VEGFR-3 expression levels both in CR group and NR group after treatment (P＞0.05).(4) Serum VEGF-C,VEGFR-2,and VEGFR-3 expression levels in NR group were significantly higher than those in CR group before treatment (P＜0.08).Conclusions Observing serum expression level of VEGF-C,VEGFR-2,and VEGFR-3 of AL patients may be helpful in monitoring curative effects and prognosis of acute leukemia.

Objective To discuss the MRI findings of common complications following hip arthroplasty and their association with operative and pathological findings to improve the early diagnosis and etiological differential diagnosis for common complications following hip arthroplasty. Methods Forty-six patients with hip arthroplasty complication were included in this study. We observed prosthesis location, signal changes between prosthesis and bone, and periprosthesis signal changes, signal changes of articular capsule, adjacent soft tissue and bone on MR images. Diagnostic value of MRI in detecting hip arthroplasty complication was evaluated with operative and pathological findings as reference standard. Results Complications following hip arthroplasty included aseptic loosening (n=26), osteolysis (n=12), infection (n=12), heterotopic ossification (n=4), pseudoneoplasm (n=4) and periarthroplasty fracture (n=1). The MRI finding suggestive of aseptic loosening in 24 cases was a smooth intermediate signal intensity layer along the interface. Osteolysis is seen as soft tissue signal intensity material replacing normal high signal intensity fatty marrow in 12 cases. Bone marrow edema, bone destruction, fluid collection, estracapsular collections, periprosthetic muscle edema, and sinus were predictors of infection. On MRI, mature heterotopic ossification had the appearance of cancellous bone in 5 cases. Pseudoneoplasm represents fluid signal intensity with intermediate signal intensity pseudocapsule in 5 cases. Periprosthetic fracture included hypointesense fracture lines, periosteal reaction, and periprosthetic muscle edema in one patient. Conclusion MRI is useful in detecting osseous and soft-tissue abnormalities in patients with hip implants.