Objective To investigate the value of combination detection of CA15-3,CEA,COX-2 on early diagnosis of breast carcinoma.Methods 68 breast cancer patients,61 benign breast disease patients and 68 healthies were selected.Serum levels of COX-2 were detected by ELISA technique,CA15-3 and CEA levels were detected by electroche-miluminescence technique.Results Serum levels of CA15-3,CEA,COX-2 in breast carcinoma group were (34.67±13.20) U/ml,(7.38±3.87) ng/ml,(43.25±10.87) ng/ml.Their levels were higher than those in benign breast disease group and healthy group,the differences were significant (P ＜ 0.01).In combination detection,the sensitivity was 84.9 ％,and accuracy was 91.2 ％,which were higher than single tumor marker used in breast cancer diagnosis.Conclusion The combined detection of CA15-3,CEA,COX-2 could increase the diagnosis rate of breast carcinoma.

Objective: To amplify two human mutant CD59 eukaryotic expressing systems and investigate mutant CD59 functional activity. Methods: Mammalian expression vector PLATER of mutant CD59 cDNAs was transfected into CHO together with the pcDNA by lipofectamine,which confered resistance to G418(400 ?g/ml). The positive clones were tested by FIH. Activity of both mutants CD59 was determined by BCECF release assay. Results: Mutant CD59 cDNAs subcloned into the mammalian expression vector PLATER and transfected CHO together with the pcDNA,which confered resistance to G418. The positive clones were tested by FIH.Activity of both mutants CD59 before and after glycation was determined by BCECF release assay,both of them could restrict MAC formation ,and glycation could inhibit CD59. Conclusion: A eukaryotic system that expressing mutant CD59 cDNA was successfully set up.It was found that mutant CD59 could restrict MAC formation,and glycation could inhibit mutant CD59. These would be helpful for the furthur study of link mutant CD59 and the vascular proliferative of diabetes.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitiory effect of CD59-siRNA on CD59 gene expression and the growth of xenografted ovarian cancer in vivo,and to explore the role of CD59 in tumor immune escape.Methods:A2780 cells transfected with siRNA plasmid (T group),A2780 cells transfected with blank plasmid (V group) and the wild A2780 cells (C group) were subcutaneously injected into nude mice,respectively.The inhibitiory effect of CD59-siRNA on tumor growth and CD59 expression was evaluated by tumor growth curves and in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results:The tumor growth curves demonstrated that the growth of cells transfected with siRNA plasmid was significantly inhibited (P<0.05).ISH and IHC showed that the expression of CD59 mRNA and CD59 protein were decreased significantly compared with other groups (P<0.05).Conclusion:Studies of in vivo experiment demonstrate that CD59-siRNA significantly inhibites the expression of CD59,increases the sensitivity of A2780 cells to the complement attack and inhibites the tumor growth.The results may further indicate the role of CD59 in tumor immune escape.

Objective To explore the optimal immunohistochemical (IHC)diagnostic index for supraclavicular lymph node me-tastasis in lung cancer.Methods In the premise of conforming to the evidence-based medicine,the biopsy of lymph node in 135 pa-tients with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis was performed and 7 antibodies were selected to be detected.135 cases were di-vided into two classes:class A (110 cases)and B (25 cases).The class A included 14 cases of primary lesion inside the lung by the histological analysis,43 cases of primary lesion inside the lung by the cytological detection and 53.cases of primary lesion inside the lung by the radiographic analysis.The class B included 25 cases of lesion outside the lung by the histological analysis.The detecting antibodies included CK7,CK20,EMA,CEA,TTF-1,SPB and vimentin.Results The sensitivity and specificity of single antibody for deducing the primary lesion inside the lung were 90.0% and 56.0% for CK7,98.0% and 40.0% for CK20,90.9% and 4.0%for EMA,80.9% and 36.0% for CEA,62.7% and 100.0% for TTF-1,65.6% and 100.0% for SPB,and 60.9% and 60.0% for vimentin.The quadruple antibodies (CK7,CK20,TTF-1 and SPB)showed the highest sensitivity(85.0%)and highest specificity (100.0%),which made the relatively high detection rate (80.0%)of lung cancer in clinic.Conclusion Analyzing and researching the IMC results is of great significance to guide the surgical pathological practice based on the evidence-based medicine.

Objective:To search for carrier of short active peptide with binding to human CD59 of the surface of HeLa cell.Methods:Ph. D. 12 display peptide library was biopanning with HeLa cell high-expressing CD59. After competitive test, positive phage clones were identified by sandwich ELISA and sequenced.Results:10 phage clones were identified to have higher combination with CD59.Conclusion:The sequence of peptide with binding to CD59 has been obtained.That might lay a basis for design of short peptide of CD59 on tumor sneaking through.

Objective To observe the effect of gheocorticoid by oral medication or intrathoracic iniection on the expression of IL-6,IL-8 and sIL-2R in gerum and pleural fluid in patients of tuberculous pleurisy.Methods Twenty tuberculous pleurisy patients were treated with ghcocortieoid by oral medication (oral group)and 20 cases by intrathoracic injection(injection group).ELISA wag employed to detect the levels of IL-6,IL-8 and sIL-2R in serum and pleural fluid before treatment and 3,6 and 9 days after treatment.Results The levels of serum IL-6 and IL-8 decreased and sIL-2R increased obviously in injection group at 3,6 and 9 days after treatment(P＜0.01).Meanwhile the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in pleural fluid decreased and sIL-2R increased obviously(P＜0.01).The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly lower and the levels of aIL-2R were significantly higher in injection group than those in oral group(P＜0.01).One month after treatment,the rate of complete absorpion of pleural fluid was higher in injection group(80%)than thatin oral group(45%),the rate of pachynsis pleurae was lower in injection group(10%)than that in oral group(40%),P＜0.05.Conclusions Intrathoracic injection of ghcocorticoid shows stronger suppression of cellular immune function in cavum pleurae and weaker suppression of the general immune sysmm than oral medication.Intrathoracic injection of glucocorticoid can increase the therapeutic effect and decrease side effect in tuberculous pleurisy.

Objective To explore the values of electromyography to examine birth injuries.Methods 34 cases of birth injuries were studied,the electromyography and motor nerve conduction of brachial plexcy were recorded.Then,the location and severity of birth injuries were determined.Results Among 34 cases,according to the location of injuries,there were 10 cases of upper trunk injuries,7 cases of upper and middle trunk injuries,5 cases of middle and lower trunk injuries,5 cases of lower trunk injuries,and 7 cases of whole brachialplexus injuries.On the other hand,according to the severity of injuries,there were one case of complete injuries and 33 cases of incomplete injuries which included 2 cases of severe injuries and 31 cases of slight injuries.Conclusion Electromyography is the reliable method to identify the location and severity of brachial plexus injuries,and this examination is necessary to diagnose birth injuries with great clinical values.

Aim To investigate the influence and molecular mechanism of C-phycocyanin(CPC) from Spirulina platensis on apoptosis of HeLa cells in vitro.Methods Firstly,the effect of purified CPC on proliferation of HeLa cells in vitro was determined by MTT assay,and then electron microscope was exploited to observe the characteristic apoptotic features of cells treated with CPC.Subsequently,genomic DNA changes of HeLa cells were observed by agarose electrophoresis.Flow cytometric analysis revealed the influence of different concentrations of CPC on cell cycle of HeLa cells.The expressions of apoptosis related genes of CPC treated HeLa cells were determined by immunohistochemistry analysis.In addition,the activities of caspases and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol were detected.Results Compared with control cells untreated with CPC,a significant decreased in the numbers of HeLa cells in survival treated with CPC and concentration dose effects existed.CPC could induce characteristic apoptotic features including cell shrinkage,membrane blebbing,microvilli loss,chromatin margination and condensation into dense granules or blocks.DNA of HeLa cells treated with CPC showed fragmentation pattern(DNA ladder of oligomers of 180~200 bp) typical for apoptotic cells.HeLa cells treated with different concentrations of CPC demonstrated an increasing percentage of cells in sub-G0/G1 phase.In addition,CPC could promote the expression of pro-apoptotic gene(Fas and ICAM-1);meanwhile,held back the anti-apoptotic gene(Bcl-2) expression,and then facilitated the transduction of tumoral apoptosis signals that resulted in the apoptosis of HeLa cells in vitro.In CPC treated HeLa cells,CPC treatment of HeLa cells also resulted in activation of caspases and release of cytochrome C from mitochondria into the cytosol.Conclusion C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis can induce the apoptosis of HeLa cells in vitro.By virtue of the promotion of the apoptosis signals transduction in HeLa,CPC realizes its antitumor activities.

Objective:To explore the vailation of serum sP-selectin,sE-selectin,levels in the patients of pre-diabetic,simple type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and T2DM with coronary heartdisease(CAD).To investigate the possible mechanism that sP-selectin, sE-selectin accelerate type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: Level of serum sP-selectin, sE-selectin was assayed by ELISA in type 2 diabetes with or without coronary heart disease (32 and 34 cases respectively),pre-diabetic (32 cases) and control group(32 cases). Meanwhile BMI,BP,FBS,FINS,TG,CHO,HDL-C,LDL-C,HbA1C were determined in all cases as well as in control group.Results:The serum levels of sP-selectin and sE-selectin in pre-diabetic,type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without coronary heart disease groups were significantly higher than the control group ( P<0.01 ).There was significant positive correlation between serum levels of sP-selectin,sE-selectin and these items including FBG ,FINS,TG,HbA1C,HOMA-IR(P<0.01);but sE-selectin was negatively correlated with HDL-C (P<0.05).Conclusion:sP-selectin,sE-selectin,are risk factors in the initiation and progression of pre-diabetic,type 2 diabetes with or without coronary heart disease;sP-selectin and sE-selectin possibly accelerate type 2 diabetes by inducing insulin resist-ance.

Effective chemotherapy is the mainstay of malaria control. However it is undergoing the serious threat by resis?tance of falciparum malaria to antimalarial drugs. In recent years with the development of molecular biology technology molec?ular markers have been widely used to monitor antimalarial drug resistance. This paper reviews the researches on the common molecular markers related to Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance.