This paper reviews the currently research on competency of practitioners in the field of nutrition and food hygiene at home and abroad. Through literature review, it's found that the there are few researches on competency in China at present. Furthermore, compared with foreign countries, there are several issues in China, such as the methods and index system setting. However, due to different national conditions, there are significant differences in the demand for nutrition and food hygiene practitioners, related disciplines and characteristics between China and abroad. Therefore, when drawing lessons from foreign models, we should appropriately make adjustments according to China's national conditions. This review will provide references for further research on establishing a set of scientific and standardized competency evaluation indexes for practitioners in the field of nutrition and food hygiene with Chinese characteristics.

The aims of this study were to compare the inhibitory effect of nimesulide and indomethacin on gastric cancer cells, to investigate the effect of nimesulide on SGC7901 and 7901-AS, and to evaluate its probable mechanism. After incubated with nimesulide (0～200?mol/L) or indomethacin (0～25?mol/L), the proliferation of gastric cancer cells was measured by MTT assay. The cell cycle of SGC7901, 7901-P, 7901-AS was respectively observed after being incubated with nimesulide and vehicle control, by using fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). Ultramicrostructure of gastric cancer cells (SGC7901,7901-AS,SGC7901+nimesulide) was observed by electronmicroscopy. The results showed that by MTT assay nimesulide, as indomethacin, had dose-dependent inhibitory effects on proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Compared to the inhibitory effect of nimesulide on SGC7901, it was less on 7901-AS (P

Objective To asses stereoacuity and the factors that influence stereopsis in children after unilateral cataract extraction.Methods Sixty-two children who were diagnosed as unilateral cataract and underwent cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation were included in this study.Data are recorded on age at presentation and the surgery,the presence of strabismus,the refractive error,and the best corrected distant visual acuity (BCDVA) of both eyes and stereoacuity.Sixty-two patients were followed up for 14 ～ 60 months.Results Sixty-two patients were divided into two groups according to stereoacuity.Thirty-one patients in group A achieved stereopsis better than 400 s of arc.Group B had 31 patients whose stereoacuity was poorer than 400 s of arc.The mean age at presentation and surgery were 4.6 ± 3.4 and 6.3 ±4.5 years in group A and 2.1 ±2.1 and 2.4 ±2.2 years in group B.51.6％ of patients in group A achieved a BCDVA of 20/40 or better,but in group B,only 6.5％ of patients achieved a BCDVA of 20/40.Those who had strabismus after cataract surgery were 6.5％ in group A and 35.5％ in group B.There was statistically significant difference in age at presentation and the surgery (t =4.03,4.53,P ＜0.01),good BCDVA(x2 =15.34,P ＜ 0.01) and absence of strabismus (x2 =7.88,P ＜ 0.01) between two groups.Conclusions Stereopsis can develop in children after pediatric unilateral cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation.Good stereoacuity is correlated with later manifesting cataracts,absence of strabismus and good BCDVA.

Objective To compare the effect of seven commonly used nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on proliferation, apoptosis, and neoplasmagenesis of gastric cancer cells in vivo. Methods Gastric cancer cell lines were treated with NSAIDs (aspirin 0-400 ?mol/L, indomethacin 0-25 ?mol/L, and ibuprofen, naproxen, sulindac, nimesulide, celecoxib 0-200 ?mol/L, respectively). Proliferation of the cells was detected by using MTT assay. Apoptosis of cells was measured by using fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). Nude mice bearing gastric cancer xenografts were administrated with NSAIDs (indomethacin 3 mg/kg, sulindac 8 mg/kg, nimesulide 6 mg/kg, celecoxib 15 mg/kg) for 30 days, and then the weight of implanted tumors was measured. Results There was a dose dependent inhibition of cell proliferation by majority of NSAIDs used, celecoxib the most, except for ibuprofen and naproxen. In nude mice, NSAIDs also showed a suppressive effect on tumor growth with inhibitory rate of celecoxib as (93.8?0.97)%, nimesulide (93.1?1.78)%, indomethacin (89.9?5.61)% and sulindac (89.3 ? 2.07)%. Once incubated with celecoxib and indomethacin, the gastric cancer cells went to apoptosis with an increase in percentage of apoptotic cells up to 30.4% and 23.9%, respectively. Conclusions Many NSAIDs, celecoxib in particular, appeared to be suppressive to gastric cancer cells with exception for ibuprofen and naproxen. Induction of apoptosis might be one of the mechanisms that NSAIDs inhibit gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic effect on pterygium mainly focuses on studying surgical technique, assistant therapy methods,and recurrence rate following excision of pterygium; however, whether race factor is associated with occurrence, development, and recurrence of pterygium remains still unknown.OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic outcomes in different race patients with pterygium treated using corneal limbal stem cell autograft combining with excision of pterygium.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Retrospective case analysis, performed in the Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University between January 2000 and June 2006. PARTICIPANTS: 1 44 (152 eyes) primary cases were collected from Xiamen and 54 (54 eyes) relapsed Negroes were from Africa. There were no significant differences in age, sex, and pterygium length between the two groups (P 0.05).METHODS: 198 subjects were treated by excision of pterygium under a microscope, in which pterygium tissue was not found on the surface of cornea. A free transplantation of the superotemporal limbus with an adjacent piece of thin conjunctiva was placed in the excision area. All cases were followed-up to grade the appearances of the sites 6 weeks, 6 and 12 months after excision (grade 1 implied normal appearance, and grade 4 implied the relapse). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relapse, pterygium grading, and complication after corneal limbal stem cell autograft combining with excision of pterygium. RESULTS: No relapse was found at 6 weeks after operation. The recurrence rate of Chinese Han people and Africa black people were 6.6% and 14.8% respectively at 6 months, and 11.8% and 24.5% at 12 months. There was significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two races (t=4.607, P= 0.032). In addition, there were significant differences in the pterygium grading between the two groups at 6 weeks (x2=15.608, P < 0.01 ), and Chinese people recovered better. Contrarily, there was no statistical difference at 6 months and 12 months (x2=4.401, 6.206; P 0.05). Few complications were found except superficial scar of cornea and persistent irritation of ocular surface. CONCLUSION: Limbal stem cell autograft combining with excision of pterygium under a microscope can completely remove pterygium with minimal invasion, light postoperative response and low rate of recurrence. The relapse of black cases is higher than Chinese patients.

Objective To investigate the relevance of the clinical score and pathology score and assess two scoring system including the British Islet Lupus Assessment Group2004 (BILAG2004) and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000 (SLEI)AI2000) by analyzing the biopsy results and related laboratory tests on lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Retrospective analyzed 59 cases of patients with renal biopsy. All biopsied tissues were scored based on the to ISN/RPS2003 lupus nephritis pathological typing standards. Meanwhile, respective index (AI), chronic Index (CI) and tubulointerstitial lesions (TIL) score were used to evaluate the activities of lupus nephritis and SLEDAI2000 and BILAG2004 were used to evaluate the clinical disease activity. The adssociation between pathological changes and disease activities was assessed. Results ①According to ISN/RPS2003 pathological type standard, among these 59 patients, type Ⅳ was the most common type,which accounted for 44.07 percent of all biopsied tissues. ② For those patients. With LN typeⅡ,Ⅲ Ⅳ, their SLEDAI2000 score and BILAG2004 renal biopsy AI was positively correlated (00.05). Conclusion BILAG2004 score and SLEDAI2000 scoring system can be used to assess the disease pathology activity of patients with lupus nephritis. The study has found that BILAG2004 scoring system is superior to SLEDAI2000 score system for the assessment of LN patients on pathological activities, especially for with severe LN patients. As a non-invasive method of assessment, BILAG2004 score system is better than SLEDAI2000 score system in guiding clinical treatment.

Aim To set up a highly effective and automatic mouse sleep-wake bioassay system,and evaluate the system through analysis of the somnogenic effects of L-stepholidine(SPD),targeting at dopamine D1/D2 receptors in mice.Methods The animals were housed in an insulated and soundproof recording chamber maintained at a constant temperature and humidity on an automatically controlled 12 h light/12 h dark cycle.The electroencephalogram and electromyogram were recorded continuously for 48 hours and analyzed by SleepSign software.Saline was administered ip to the mice at 21:00 on the first day,and SPD was given on the next day at the same hour.The vigilance state was analyzed based on the polygraphic recordings by the same software.Results The system has been demonstrated to be highly efficient and stable in recording and reliable in analyzing sleep-wake behavior in mice.With the aid of the sleep bioassay system,we found that SPD significantly increased the total time spent in sleep during dark period,and prolonged durations of non-rapid eye movement sleep episodes,with a concomitant reduction in amount and EEG power density of wakefulness.SPD rendered no effect on rapid eye movement sleep.Conclusion Through the reliable mouse sleep bioassay system,we found that SPD promotes non-rapid eye movement sleep but not rapid eye movement sleep in mice.

Objective To explore tolerance-related factors of enteral nutrition(EN) by nasogastric (NG) tube in ICU patients, and to provide several nursing strategies for improving the patients' tolerance. Methods 83 patients using EN with NG tube in ICU were collected.Tolerance-related factors of EN were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 83 patients, 36 patients (43.3%) could tolerate very well, 47 patients (56.6%) couldn't tolerate.After treatment 27 patients' tolerance was fair, the other was poor.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, APACHE-Ⅱ score, the time of beginning EN, albumin level, drug administration by NG tube or not were the major factors affecting tolerance of NG tube feeding. Conclusions Patients' feeding with NG tube was well-tolerated in ICU.Besides the factors from patients as the severity of disease status and level of serum albumin,the time of beginning EN, drug administration by NG tube were significantly correlated with tolerance.

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics , nerve electrophysiological features , imaging manifestations and prognosis of nervous system disorder caused by heat stroke. Methods A retrospective study was un?dertaken on clinical, nerve electrophysiological and imaging characteristics and prognosis of 9 patients who had heat Stroke and received treatment during July and August in 2010 and 2013 at the Second Hospital of Shandong University. Results There were seven males and two females, aged from 47 to 87 years, among 9 patients. All cases are admitted within 6 hours and their Core body temperature were 39.8℃~42.5℃. Patients had disturbance of consciousness and multi?ple organ dysfunction including acute cerebral infarct in 2 cases, peripheral neuropathy in 3 cases, acute respiratory fail?ure in 2 cases, pulmonary infection in 9 cases, disseminated intravascular coagulation in 1 case ,acute myocardial injury in 8 cases, arrhythmia in 3 cases, rhabdomyolysis in 3 cases, acute liver damage in 8 cases, of acute kidney injury in 6 cases, upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 4 cases, metabolic acidosis in 1 case, metabolic alkalosis in 2 cases , electrolyte disorder in 9 cases and quadriplegia in 3 cases. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse brain swelling in 6 cas?es and the acute asymmetric lacunar infarction in 2 cases. All patients are treated with cooling , rehydration , anticoagula?tion , reduction of the intracranial pressure and symptomatic treatment. One case died and the condition of remaining cas?es were improved. At one-year follow-up, the symptoms were almost cured in 2 cases, significantly improved in 4 cases with disability degree in grade 1~2, moderately improved in 1 case with disability degree in grade 3, remained unchanged in 1 case with disability degree of grade 5. Conclusion Heat stroke can cause conscious disorder and multiple organ fail?ure .The central nervous system lesions are often presented with diffuse swelling or/and lacunar infarction and presented with peripheral nerve injury in some cases, leaving persistent neurological deficits .

A method was developed for determination of 12 kinds of phosphate compounds in water and sediment by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) coupled with solid phase extraction (SPE) and ultrasonic extraction.The water samples were concentrated by HLB solid-phase extraction (SPE) column and eluted twice with ethyl acetate, ultrasonic solvent extraction for sediment samples and then repeated the operation of water samples after diluted with deionized water.The sample were separated on a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) column by a gradient elution with 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution and methanol as the mobile phase.Ion mode analysis was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (MRM).The target compounds were quantified by external standard method.At the spiked levels (0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 μg/L), the average recoveries of 12 kinds of OPEs in water samples ranged from 66.4% to 115%, except for TMP (28.5%-47.8%) and TEHP (22.4%-73.8%).The relative standard deviation RSD (n=3) was 0.5%-9.09%, and the method quantification (MOQ) was 0.001-0.05 μg/L, However at the spiked levels of 5, 10 and 50 μg/kg, the average recoveries of 12 kinds of OPEs in sediment samples ranged from 65.4% to 120.0%, except for TMP (35.7%-44.9%) and TCEP (31.2%-48.9%).The relative standard deviation RSD (n=3) was 0.01%-9.54%, and the MOQ for sediment was 0.02-2.0 μg/kg dw.Based on the above methods, the detection and analysis of the targets in the water and sediments samples of Taihu Lake were carried out.The results showed that the concentrations of ΣOPEs were 0.1-1.7 μg/L and 8.1-420 μg/(kg dw), respectively.