Objective　To set up an experimental animal model of head injury of deceleration. 　Methods　The decelerating head injury was produced in r abbits by utilizing an impactor consisting of a rotor, elastic strips, a platfor m and a revolving board. Sixty-nine rabbits were used in this experiment: 33 ra bbits were for pre-experiment to establish the correlation of impact force and brain damage, 36 rabbits were divided into a control group (n=12), a mild injur y group (n=12) and a severe injury group (n=12) to elucidate the pathophysiologi cal changes after head injury at different injury levels. 　Results　The physiological responses after impact were observe d in all traumatic animals, which showed a sudden rise or reduction of blood pre ssure, deep and fast breath and apnea, and pain reflects inhibition, etc. The re s ponses were more obvious in the severe injury group than in the mild injury grou p. The water content of the brain increased 6 h after injury and the intracrania l pressure went up 1- 6 h after injury in the severe injury group. The patholog ical lesions were noted at or above the impact force level of (800±50) N. At th e severe injury level of (1 100±100) N,there were almost all kinds of lesions, such as skull fracture, brain contusion ( coup injury and contre-coup injury),b rain stem injury and subdural hematoma. When the impact force rose to or over (1 400±150) N,the animals died of persistent apnea mostly. 　Conclusions　A new practical and simple model of head injury of deceleration in rabbits has been developed with several features similar to t he experience in the clinical setting. This model with the same biomechanical me chanism as the clinical head injury of deceleration is quite useful for further study of the pathophysiological mechanisms of head injury, safe measure of abati ng head injury and investigating the effective therapeutic method for severe hea d injuries.

BACKGROUND: Temperament plays an important role in psychological development of children. Generally speaking, temperament is genetically determined, but it is also influenced by some other factors. The influential factors studies of temperament are important to promote psychological development and reduce behavior problems of children.OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between breastfeeding and temperamental characteristics in children aged 4-5 years old.DESIGN: Random cluster sampling.SETTING: Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Zibo Central Hospital, and Research Institute of Pediatrics, Medical College of Qingdao University.PARTICIPANTS: 737 children (399 males, 338 females) aged 4-5 years old from 8 kindergartens of 4 districts in Zibo were selected from March to June 2005. All the subjects and their parents were informed about the experimental goal.METHODS: With stratified random cluster sampling, 737 children were investigated by NYLS 3-7 years old children temperament questionnaire and self-made inventory questionnaire. The association of 9 dimensions including adaptability, rhythmicity (regularity), activity level, persistence, quality of mood, approach and withdrawal, intension of reaction, distractibility and threshold of responsiveness with feeding type in the first 4 months after birth and duration of breastfeeding was analyzed; the multiple gradual regressive analysis was carried out with each dimension of temperament as the dependent variable and feeding type in the first 4 months after birth and duration of breastfeeding etc. as the independent variables.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Temperamental dimension, feeding categories in the fist 4 months, and breastfeeding duration.RESULTS: All 737 children were involved in the result analysis. Correlation analysis indicated that temperamental adaptability was positively related with formula milk mainly in the first 4 months after birth (r =0.084, P =0.030);Rhythmicity and distractibility were negatively related with formula milk only (r =-0.087, -0.075, P =0.022, 0.047);Activity level were positively related with breast milk only and negatively with both breast milk and formula milk equally (r =0.084, -0.077, P =0.030, 0.045); Approach and withdrawal was negatively related with breast milk mainly (r =-0.097, P =0.012). Rhythmicity, quality of mood and activity level were negatively related with breastfeeding for 4-6 months (r =-0.082, -0.102, -0.153, P =0.036, 0.009, 0.001); Quality of mood and activity level were positively related with the duration of breastfeeding more than 9 months (r =0.089, 0.088, P =0.024,0.025). After rectifying the family structure, and educational level of parents, the influencing factor of adaptability was formula mainly; intensity of reaction was breastfeeding duration for 4-6 months and breast milk mainly;rhythmicity was breastfeeding duration for 7-9 months and formula only; activity level was both breast milk and formula milk equally and breastfeeding duration for 7-9 months; quality of mood was formula only and duration of breastfeeding for 7-9 months; approach-withdrawal was breast milk mainly and both breast milk and formula milk equally; distractibility was formula milk mainly.CONCLUSION: Temperamental development of children aged 4-5 years old is related to feeding type in the first 4 months after birth and duration of breastfeeding; therefore, it is essential to pay attention to breastfeeding during temperamental cultivation and intervention.

Objective To examine the effects of different compositions of metabolic syndrome [Overweight and (or) obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia] on chronic kidney disease. Methods A total of 1552 health data were collected from the survey of chronic kidney diseases among Uygur adults in Moyu country in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and the relationship between metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease was analyzed by using SPSS 15.0 software package. Results Before and after adjusting of age and gender, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 14.18% and 14.45% (95% CI 14.30%?14.60%). The prevalence of albuminuria (7.27% vs 3.83%, χ2=5.42, P=0.02), reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (9.55% vs 3.45%, χ2=16.96, P=0.00) and chronic kidney disease(13.64% vs 6.76%, χ2=12.52, P =0.00) increased in residents diagnosed as metabolic syndrome than those without metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease increased with the increasing number of metabolic syndrome elements. Conclusions The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is associated with the accumulation of metabolic syndrome compositions. Early intervention on metabolic risk factors may reduce the risk of chronic kidney disease.

Objective To explore the nursing after free great toe fibular flap transplant to repair finger pulp defects. Methods 12 cases with finger pulp defect accepted the free great toe fibular flap were reviewed. Results All flaps survived and no vascular crisis occurred. The flap shaped well, and the skin sweated and the two point discrimination was 4-6 mm. Conclusion Close monitoring and appropriate is important after free great toe fibular flap transplant to repair finger pulp defects.

Objective To evaluate the ability of ultra-high-b-value diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in diagnosis of the prostate cancer (PCa) at 1.5T MR.Methods 12 patients with PCa and 17 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) proved by histopathology underwent MRI and DWI examinations (b=400, 800,1 400 s/mm2).The signal intensity and visual degree of region of interest (ROI) in all DWI with different b values were respectively measured.The signal intensity and visual degree of ROI between high-b-value DWI and ultra-high-b-value DWI were compared,respectively.Results The difference of signal intensity of PCa between high-b-value DWI and ultra-high-b-value DWI was statistically significant (χ2=220.957,P=0.000<0.05).The signal intensity of PCa was getting brighter in DWI with higher b value.The difference of visual degree between these two groups was also statistically significant (χ2=11.378,P=0.003<0.05).The difference among PCa, BPH and normal prostate peripheral zone was statistically significant in ultra-high-b-value DWI (χ2=25.913, P=0.000<0.05).The brightness of PCa in ultra-high-b-value DWI mainly was bright or grey-bright (71.4%), while the brightness of BPH and normal prostate peripheral zone were mainly dark or grey-dark (BPH 63.0%, normal prostate peripheral zone 73.3%).The difference of visual degree among PCa, BPH and normal prostate peripheral zone was statistically significant difference as well (Z=-6.908,-6.110,P=0.000<0.017).The diagnostic efficiency of the signal intensity and visual degree were highest with b=1 400 s/mm2.Conclusion DWI with ultra-high-b-value can improve the display rate of the PCa at 1.5T MR, making easier the detection and diagnosis of PCa.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of continuous language rehabilitation nursing on the language function in patients with stroke motor aphasia. Methods A total of 60 motor aphasia patients with a brain stroke were recruited and divided into experimental group and control group with 30 cases each by random digits table method. The control group was treated with the routine stroke care in traditional Chinese medicine, while the experimental group with the continuing language rehabilitation nursing base on the routine stroke care. The language function of both groups were detected by the Chinese Rehabilitation Research Center Standard Aphasia Examination before and after 3 months treatment, and a survey of nursing satisfaction of patients when discharged was conducted. Results The right rate of hear and understand, retelling, say, read aloud, reading comprehension, transcription, description, dictation, calculation in the Chinese Rehabilitation Research Center Standard Aphasia Examination was (44.35 ± 18.69), (32.37 ± 22.25), (21.49 ± 14.91), (27.63 ± 12.54), (46.87 ± 15.30), (14.25 ± 6.11), (7.33±3.23), (11.63±4.82), (18.93±6.82)%before the treatment and (62.14±10.81), (55.36±19.53), (41.42 ± 13.75), (59.16 ± 11.05), (55.57 ± 13.90), (32.39 ± 7.12), (9.73 ± 3.92), (27.45 ± 4.71), (37.46 ± 6.91)%after the treatment in the experimental group, except for description, the differences were significant ( t=2.096-14.540, P<0.01 or 0.05). The right rate of hear and understand, retelling, say, read aloud, reading comprehension, transcription, description, dictation, calculation in the Chinese Rehabilitation Research Center Standard Aphasia Examination was (43.86±15.89), (34.28±20.27), (22.84±15.40), (28.63±12.45), (47.23±11.30), (13.40±6.24), (7.27±3.70), (11.10±4.73), (19.50±6.80)%before the treatment and (49.46± 14.27), (42.36±20.58), (30.33±13.36), (40.31±11.88), (49.97±10.13), (15.37±5.59), (8.50±3.74), (12.83± 4.36), (21.47 ± 7.74)% after the treatment in the control group, the differences of hear and understand, retelling, say, read aloud were significant (t=2.263-3.991, P<0.05 or 0.01). There were significant differences in hear and understand, retelling, say, read aloud, transcription, dictation, calculation after the treatment between two groups (t=2.510-10.298, all P<0.05). The score of satisfaction was (94.36 ± 5.55) in the experimental group and (88.25 ± 5.46) points in the control group, and there was significant difference (t=4.299, P<0.01). Conclusions Continuing language rehabilitation nursing can improve the recovery of the language function of the motor aphasia patients with a brain stroke.

Objective To explore the effects of action observation therapy on upper-extremity motor function after ischemic stroke and on the motor cortex using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Methods Forty patients with ischemic stroke were randomly assigned to an observational group (n =20) or a control group (n =20).Both groups received conventional rehabilitation,while the observational group was additionally provided with action observation therapy for 8 weeks.Both groups were assessed using the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) and the Barthel index (BI) before and after the 8 weeks of treatment and functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed before treatment.Two months after the treatment,nine patients of the experimental group and 8 of the control group who continued to receive their respective treatments after discharge were again assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging.Results After the treatment the average FMA score and BI score of both the observational group and the control group had increased significantly.The increase in the average FMA score of the observational group was significantly greater than that of the control group.However,there was no significant difference between the two groups in the increases in BI score after 8 weeks of treatment.The fMRI results showed that there was a significantly greater rise in activity in the bilateral precentral gyrus,parietal lobe and the supplementary motor area of the patients in the observational group after the treatment compared with the control group.Conclusion Action observation therapy can improve upper extremity motor function and performance in the activities of daily living after ischemic stroke and induce changes in the excitability of the cerebral motor cortex.

Objective To explore tolerance-related factors of enteral nutrition(EN) by nasogastric (NG) tube in ICU patients, and to provide several nursing strategies for improving the patients' tolerance. Methods 83 patients using EN with NG tube in ICU were collected.Tolerance-related factors of EN were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 83 patients, 36 patients (43.3%) could tolerate very well, 47 patients (56.6%) couldn't tolerate.After treatment 27 patients' tolerance was fair, the other was poor.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, APACHE-Ⅱ score, the time of beginning EN, albumin level, drug administration by NG tube or not were the major factors affecting tolerance of NG tube feeding. Conclusions Patients' feeding with NG tube was well-tolerated in ICU.Besides the factors from patients as the severity of disease status and level of serum albumin,the time of beginning EN, drug administration by NG tube were significantly correlated with tolerance.

Objective To investigate the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in impaired wound healing of diabetes mellitus.Methods The back skin defect was produced in rats with type1diabetes.All of these rats were divided into normal group, diabetes group, lithium chloride group, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) group.The back wound healing and β-catenin expression were observed.Results There were no signs of infection in the wound of rats after injury.Compared with diabetic group, the wound healing time was shorter,wound healing rate was higher, wound cavity volume was smaller, granulation tissue was more mature, and β-catenin positive cell rate was higher in normal group, lithium chloride group, and EGF group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusions Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway is involved in the process of wound healing in diabetic rats.

Endoplasmic reticulum plays a key role in both basic structure formation and function performance of microenviron-ment. Endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis unbalance caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress has become a hot research topic in recent years. This paper focuses on the role of endoplasmic retic-ulum stress in ischemic stroke. Research progress of related sig-naling pathways were reviewed, especially mechanisms through which endoplasmic reticulum stress trigger the inflammatory reac-tion, so as to provide a new research method for prevention of is-chemic stroke.