AIM:To construct a prokaryotic expression system of staphylococcal enterotoxin A(SEA)gene and determine the effects of the recombinant expression product rSEA in promoting lymphocyte proliferation and inhibiting tumor cell growth.METHODS:PCR was used to amplify entire SEA gene of S.aureus strain ATCC13565.The cloned SEA gene was sequenced after T-A cloning.SDS-PAGE was applied to measure the output of rSEA expressed by pET32a-SEA-E.coli BL21DE3.Ni-NTA affinity chromatography was performed to extract rSEA.Cytotoxicity of rSEA to Vero cells was detected using TCID_ 50 titration method and then the value of TCIC_ 50 was determined.MTT colorimetry was established to examine the effects of rSEA at different dosages on proliferation of mouse splenocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)as well as on growth of HepG2 cells and HeLa cells in vitro.RESULTS:In comparison with the published corresponding sequences,similarities of the nucleotide and putative amino acid sequences of the cloned SEA gene were 100%.The output of rSEA was approximate 25% of the total bacterial proteins.rSEA had a cytotoxicity with TCIC_ 50 of 3.14 ?g to Vero cells.1.0-20.0 mg/L rSEA showed the significant effects of promoting proliferation of mouse splenocytes and human PBMC(P

Objective To determine the cardiac structure and function by transthoracic highfrequency ultrasonography in Wistar rats, and to explore the patterns of age-related changes.Methods Male Wistar rats aged 1, 2, 5, 12, and 20 months (n= 12 each group) underwent transthoracic echocardiographic analysis to examine the parameters of cardiac structure and function.Finally, the rats were sacrificed and the left ventricles were weighed. Results The left atrial dimension (LAD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), interventricular septum thickness at diastole (IVSD), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWd) and left ventricular mass (LVM) increased with age (all P ＜ 0.05 ) . There was a positive relationship between echocardiographic value and the autopsy weight LVM (r=0. 78, P＜0.01). There were no statistical significances in ejection fraction and fractional shortening among groups (all P＞0.05). Isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) prolonged with age (P＜0. 01). After 2 month-old, tissue Doppler imaging Ea gradually decreased with age, Aa tended to increase with age. Ea/Aa ratio was more than 1 value in 1-, 2- and 5-months-old group, and it was less than 1 value in 12-, and 20-month-old group.Multivariate analysis showed that age was the influence factor of LAD, LVEDd and Ea. Conclusions Transthoracic high-frequency ultrasonography can be used to evaluate cardiac structure and function in rats; In aged rats, the wall-thickness, LAD and LVEDd are significantly increased. There is no significant change in systolic function, but diastolic function is decreased.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of damage control theory in treating severe polytrauma patients combined with bone and joint injury. Methods A retrospective study was done on data including complication, death rate, fracture healing and joint function recovery of 63 patients with severe polytrauma combined with bone and joint injury( average ISS ≥27 points) admitted to our hospital from January 2006 to June 2009. Results Of all the patients, 57 shock patients were cured,three died of hemorrhagic shock within two hours after admission and one patient died of severe traumatic brain injury 11 hours after admission. One patient died of ARDS at 24 hours postoperatively and one died of multiple organ failure at day 6 after injury. Fracture healing was achieved in 52 patients, with satisfactory recovery of the limb function. Amputation was performed in two patients and three patients had mild claudication and pain walking. Conclusion Damage control strategy has great clinical significance in guidance of treatment of severe polytrauma combined with bone and joint injury.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor 121 may be an optimal target gene for thetreatment of acute myocardial infarction.OBJECTIVE: To investigate effect of direct myocardial injection of adenovirus recombinant human vascular endothelial growthfactor 121 gene (Ad-hVEGF121) on myocardial infracted rat heart structure, function and angiogenesis.METHODS: Totally 78 male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham-surgery (n=18), acute myocardial infarction (n=24),Ad-VEGF121 (n=19) and normal saline (n=17) groups. Among them, left anterior descending coronary arteries of the latter threegroups were ligated to prepare acute myocardial infarction models and rats were randomly selected to receive Ad-hVEGF12 ornormal saline via three points in the cardiac muscle at the 10-15 minutes after ligation. The chest was exposed without ligation inthe sham-surgery group.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 2 weeks after injection, cardiac ultrasound showed that, compared with the sham-surgerygroup, the number of new capillaries, body weight and left ventricular mass / body weight of the acute myocardial infarction,Ad-hVEGF121 and normal saline groups were obviously increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), especially those received transfectedrAd-hVEGF12, had higher density of blood capillaries than those of the normal saline and acute myocardial infarction groups.However, there were no obviously differences between each group in infarct size, cardiac structure or functions. The directmyocardial injection of Ad-VEGF121 can significantly promote the formation of new blood vessels within the myocardium.

Objective To observe the correlation between 1-hour postload plasma glucose and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in elderly male patients with hypertension.Methods One hundred and twenty six elderly male patients with hypertension were enrolled and divided into four groups: normal glucose tolerance with normal 1 h plasma glucose (1 hPG) group (low-NGT, n=42); normal glucose tolerance with high lh plasma glucose group (high-NGT, n=23);impaired glucose tolerance group (IGT, n=27) and diabetic group (n=84). The differences of blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipid and intimia-media thickness among groups were analyzed.Results OGTT 1 hPG in high-NGT group was similar with IGT group[(12.0±1.1)mmol/L vs. (11.1±1.8)mrnol/L, P>0. 053 ,but significantly higher than that in Iow-NGT group ((12.0±1.1)mmol/L vs. (9. 1±1.4) mmol/L, P<0.01]. The value of IMT was gradually increased in four groups (P<0.05) and it was (1.02±0. 12) mm in high-NGT group. OGTT 1 hPG was the independent risk factor for IMT(P< 0.01).Conclusions OC-TT 1h plasma glucose is associated with atherosclerosis in elderly male hypertensive people.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effects of VSD combined with irrigation of oxygen loaded fluid on the growth of granulation tissue and macrophage polarization in chronic venous leg ulcers.

METHODSThiry-four patients with chronic venous leg ulcers hospitalized in our department from December 2010 to July 2014 were divided into VSD group ( A, n = 11) , VSD + irrigation group ( B, n = 11) , and VSD + oxygen loaded fluid irrigation group ( C, n = 12) according to the random number table. After admissian, debridement was performed, and granulation tissue in the center of the wound was harvested during the operation. After dehridement, the patients in group A were treated with VSD only (negative pressure from -30 to -25 kPa, the same below) ; the patients in group B were treated with VSD combining irrigation of normal saline; the patients in group C were treated with VSD combining normal saline loaded with oxygen irrigation (flow of 1 L/min) . On post treatment day (PTD) 7, the VSD devices were removed. Cross observation was conducted before debridement and on PTD 7. On PTD 7, the granulation tissue in the center of the wound was harvested for histopathological observation with HE staining and Masson staining, following calculation of granulation tissue coverage rate. After debridement but before the negative pressure therapy (hereinafter referred to as before treatment) and on PTD 7, partial pressure of oxygen of the skin around the wound was measured by transcutaneous tissue oxygen tension survey meter. On PTD 7, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VECF) was determined with immunohistochemistry. Before treatment and on PTD 7, cells with double positive expressions of induced nitric oxide synthase plus CD68 ( type I macro- phage) and arginase 1 plus CD68 ( type II macrophage) were observed with immunofluorescence staining and quantified. Data were processed with Fisher's exact test, one-way analysis of variance, covariance analysis, paired test, and LSD test.

RESULTS(1) The gross observation showed that before debridement there was a certain amount of necrotic tissue and little granulation tissue in the wounds of patients in all the 3 groups. On PTD 7, new granulation tissue was found in the wounds of patients in all the 3 groups, and in group C its amount was the largest. (2) On PTD 7, the granulation tissue coverage rate of wounds in pa- tients of group C was higher than that of group A or B ( P <0.05 or P <0.01). (3) On PTD 7, HE staining showed that there appeared more abundant new born microvessels and fibroblasts in the wounds of patients in group C than those in groups A and B; Masson staining showed that there was more abundant fresh collagen distributed orderly in the wounds of patients in group C compared with group A or B. (4) On PTD 7, it was found that partial pressure of oxygen of the skin around the wounds in patients of group C [(40.7 +/- 4.1) mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa] was higher than that of group A [ (35.0 +/- 3.1) mmHg] or B [(35.4 +/- 2.7) mmHg, with P values below 0.01]; the partial pressure of oxygen of the skin around the wounds of patients in all the 3 groups was increased significantly compared with that before treatment (with values from 10.38 to 22.52, P values below 0.01). (5) On PTD 7, the expression of VECF in the wounds of patients in group C was higher than that in group A or B ( P <0.05 or P < 0.01). (6) On PTD 7, the number of type I macrophages in granulation tissue of patients was respectively 14.3 +/- 2.3, 11.5 +/- 3.0, and 10.7 +/- 2.3 per 400 times vision field in groups A , B, and C ( F = 25.14, P < 0.01), while the number in group C was less than that in group A or B ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with that before treatment, the number of type I macrophages was significantly decreased on PTD 7 in all the 3 groups (with values from 14.76 to 23. 73, P values below 0. 01). On PTD 7, the number of type II macrophages in granulation tissue of patients was respectively 32.7 +/- 3.2, 35.1 +/- 3.3 , and 41.3 +/- 3.2 per 400 times vision field in groups A, B, and C ( F = 81.10, P < 0.01), and the number in group C was lager than that in group A or B ( with P values below 0. 01). Compared with that before treatment, the number of type II macrophages in all the 3 groups was significantly increased (with t values from -69.34 to -47.95, P values below 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSVSD combined with irrigation of oxygen loaded fluid can raise the partial pressure of oxygen of the skin around the wounds effectively, promoting the transition of macrophages from type I to type II, thus it may promote the growth of granulation tissue, resulting in a better recipient for skin grafting or epithelization.

Debridement ; Drainage ; Granulation Tissue ; Humans ; Leg Ulcer ; etiology ; surgery ; Macrophages ; Microvessels ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; methods ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Oxygen ; Skin ; Skin Transplantation ; Skin Ulcer ; Surgical Flaps ; Treatment Outcome ; Vacuum ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Veins ; Wound Healing

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of cervical spine injury associated with chest injury by contrast with simple cervical spine injury.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on records of 116 patients with cervical spine injury hospitalized from March 2009 to September 2014.There were 65 patients with simple cervical spine injury (simple injury group) and 51 patients with associated chest injury (associated injury group).Data recorded were the causes of injury, injury segment, treatment choices (tracheotomy rate, mechanical ventilation use and non-operative treatment), treatment time (operation rate at different time, time from injury to operation and length of hospital stay) , complications (electrolyte disorder, respiratory infection, respiratory dysfunction or failure, urinary tract infection, gastrointestinal bleeding and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome), and treatment outcome.Results The main cause of injury for the two groups was high falling.Lower cervical segment was the most likely to be affected.Significant differences were detected between the simple injury group and associated injury group with regard to tracheotomy rate (63％ vs.42％), rate of mechanical ventilation (41％ vs.25％), rate of early surgery (29％ vs.58％), rate of delayed surgery (69％ vs.30％), time from injury to operation [(7.2 ± 3.7) d vs.(3.1 ± 1.3) d], length of hospital stay [(22.6-± 5.5) d vs.(17.3 ± 3.7)d], electrolyte disorder rate (35％ vs.17％), incidence of respiratory system infection (55％ vs.35％), and respiratory dysfunction (43％ vs.25％) (P ＜0.05).After treatment, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale for grade D was significantly lower in associated injury group than in simple injury group (25％ vs.39％ P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Cervical spine injury associated with chest injury is severe injury, often requiring tracheotomy and mechanical ventilation, and demonstrates difficulties to be effectively treated in the early phase, long hospitalization, various complications and high morbidity.

Objective:To investigate the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on both left ventricular myocardial collagen and diastolic function in rats,and their relationship thereof.Methods:Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups:control group(n=12)and ethanol group(n=12).The changes in cardiac diastolic function were evaluated by echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging(TDI).The value of myocardial hydroxyproline content was determined by hydroxyproline reagent kit.The expressions of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA were detected by RT-PCR analysis.Results:It was found that mitral E and mitral annulus Ea were decreased,mitral annulus Aa was increased,and isovolumic relaxation time(IVRT)was prolonged in the ethanol group compared with those in control group(P＜0.05).The value of Ea/Aa ratio was greater than 1 in control group and less than 1 in ethanol group(P＜0.01).It was found that myocardial hydroxyproline content,collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ mRNA expression and their ratio significantly increased in ethanol group compared with those in the control group(P＜0.01).There was positive correlation between hydroxyproline content,collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ mRNA expression,and collagen Ⅰ /collagen Ⅲ mRNA ratio with IVRT(P＜0.05),and negative correlation between hydroxyproline content,collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ mRNA expression,and collagen Ⅰ /collagen Ⅲ mRNA ratio with the Ea/Aa ratio(P＜0.01).Conclusion:Chronic ethanol consumption can induce increase in left ventricular myocardial collagen synthesis and impairment in diastolic function in rats.Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction correlates with increase in myocardial collagen synthesis positively.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo estimate different dimensions of maxillary sinus measured on cone-beam computerized tomography (cone-beam CT), and determine the differences in side and gender.METHODScone-beam CT image data from 200 normal adults was selected and analyzed by Invivo Dental software. The craniocaudal diameter, anteroposterior diameter, width and volume of maxillary sinus were measured as well as the thickness of the orbital floor. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 11.5.RESULTSThere were no statistically significant differences in the craniocaudal diameter, anteroposterior diameter, width and volume of maxillary sinus between sides (P>0.05, respectively). Significant differences were noted in the craniocaudal diameter and volume of bilateral maxillary sinus and the width of right maxillary sinus based on gender (P<0.05, respectively). There were no significant differences in the width of left maxillary sinus, the anteroposterior diameter of bilateral maxillary sinus and the osseous thickness of the orbital floor (P>0.05, respectively).CONCLUSIONOur findings indicate that cone-beam CT can be used to measure different dimensions of maxillary sinus and provide imaging anatomical data for clinical treatment.

Objective To explore the serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) level in women of childbearing age with normal menstrual cycles. Methods A total of 1 423 women with regular menstrual cycles were selected and divided into 5 groups according to their ages, i.e.≤25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40,≥41 years. Their serum levels of AMH were measured, and the relationship between AMH and age was analyzed. Results The serum AMH levels of 5 groups according to ages (≤25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40, ≥41 years) were 3.62, 3.10, 2.27, 1.07, 0.45μg/L, respectively. The comparison of serum AMH levels in different age groups had significant difference (P<0.01). Serum AMH level declined with increasing age,and dropped significantly after 36. The serum AMH level and age showed a negative correlation with significant difference (r=-0.374, P<0.01). Quadratic regression of logAMH proximally reflected the relationship between AMH and age. Conclusion AMH determination for women of childbearing age could provide reference for the evaluation of ovarian function.