Objective:To develop an evaluation index system on health education effect for adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Methods:Using "knowledge-attitude/belief-practice"model and health belief model as the theoretical framework, the first draft of the expert consulation questionnaire for evaluation index system on health education effect for adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus was drawn up through literature review, qualitative interview, and repeated discussions between groups. Two rounds of expert consultation were conducted. The results of the consulation were sorted and analyzed, the index structure, item content, and sequence were discussed repeatedly, and the evaluation index system on health education effect for adolescents with T1DM was determined, and the analytic hierarchy process was used to determine its weight.Results:A total of 21 female experts participated in two rounds of survey whose age was (43.48 ± 5.84) years old. The questionnaire response rates of the two rounds of expert consultations were 84.00%(21/25) and 85.71%(18/21), the authoritative coefficients were 0.96 and 0.97, the Kendall coordination were 0.181 and 0.256, respectively ( P<0.05). The consistency test of the weight of each indicator showed that the consistency ratios were all <0.1. The evaluation index system on health education effect for adolescents with T1DM was constructed with 5 first-level indicators (health knowledge, health belief, health practice, physiological indexes and health education satisfaction), 38 second-level indicators. Conclusions:The method used to construct the evaluation index system on health education effect for adolescents with T1DM was highly scientific and reliable, which provides the basis for clinical nurses to evaluate and monitor the effect of health education in adolescents with T1DM.

This paper reviewed the definition, competence and training status of "dual-qualification" nursing teachers at home and abroad from several aspects including pre-service teacher preparation, entry qualification, in-service training and performance assessment and bring up some relevant problems and countermeasures of our country. It is expected to provide references for the construction of "dual-qualification" nursing faculty in China.

Objective:To investigate the incidence rate of insulin injection-related needlestick injuries, links causing such injuries, and reporting of occupational exposure among nurses in the wards of general hospitals in Hunan, China.Methods:From January 2017 to March 2019, stratified cluster sampling was performed to select 4368 nurses as respondents from 54 hospitals at different levels in 14 prefectures and cities of Hunan. The current status of insulin injection-related needlestick injuries was investigated, including the high-risk links causing insulin injection-related needlestick injuries during the use of insulin syringe (pen) , time and number of needlestick injuries, infection after needlestick injuries, and reporting of needlestick injuries, and a statistical analysis was performed. Continuous data were described as mean±standard deviation, and categorical data were described by percentage (%) .Results:Among the 3697 nurses who were investigated, 1419 (38.4%) once had needlestick injuries related to insulin injection, among whom 413 (29.1%) had needlestick injuries in the past 1 year. The mean number of insulin injection-related needle stick injuries was 1.92±1.80, with a mean number of 0.57±1.18 caused by insulin syringe, 1.30±1.15 caused by the anterior segment of insulin pen, and 0.32±0.81 caused by the posterior end of insulin pen. Among the 1419 nurses with a history of needlestick injuries, 90 (6.3%) had related infection, mainly HBV infection, and after the occurrence of needlestick injuries, 26.0% (369/1419) of these nurses reported it every time and 15.2% (215/1419) never reported it. "Fear of trouble" was the main reason for no reporting (69.1%, 980/1419) , followed by "the thought of no risk" (43.2%, 613/1419) and "no related policy in hospital" (10.9%, 154/1419) ". Among these 1419 nurses, 49.8% (706/1419) were treated according to the standard process for needlestick injuries in hospital every time, and 3.6% (51/1419) did not know such process or there was no such standard process.Conclusion:The current situation of insulin injection-related needlestick injuries is not optimistic among clinical nurses in Hunan, and the incidence rate of needlestick injuries cannot be ignored.

Objective:To investigate the incidence rate of insulin injection-related needlestick injuries, links causing such injuries, and reporting of occupational exposure among nurses in the wards of general hospitals in Hunan, China.Methods:From January 2017 to March 2019, stratified cluster sampling was performed to select 4368 nurses as respondents from 54 hospitals at different levels in 14 prefectures and cities of Hunan. The current status of insulin injection-related needlestick injuries was investigated, including the high-risk links causing insulin injection-related needlestick injuries during the use of insulin syringe (pen) , time and number of needlestick injuries, infection after needlestick injuries, and reporting of needlestick injuries, and a statistical analysis was performed. Continuous data were described as mean±standard deviation, and categorical data were described by percentage (%) .Results:Among the 3697 nurses who were investigated, 1419 (38.4%) once had needlestick injuries related to insulin injection, among whom 413 (29.1%) had needlestick injuries in the past 1 year. The mean number of insulin injection-related needle stick injuries was 1.92±1.80, with a mean number of 0.57±1.18 caused by insulin syringe, 1.30±1.15 caused by the anterior segment of insulin pen, and 0.32±0.81 caused by the posterior end of insulin pen. Among the 1419 nurses with a history of needlestick injuries, 90 (6.3%) had related infection, mainly HBV infection, and after the occurrence of needlestick injuries, 26.0% (369/1419) of these nurses reported it every time and 15.2% (215/1419) never reported it. "Fear of trouble" was the main reason for no reporting (69.1%, 980/1419) , followed by "the thought of no risk" (43.2%, 613/1419) and "no related policy in hospital" (10.9%, 154/1419) ". Among these 1419 nurses, 49.8% (706/1419) were treated according to the standard process for needlestick injuries in hospital every time, and 3.6% (51/1419) did not know such process or there was no such standard process.Conclusion:The current situation of insulin injection-related needlestick injuries is not optimistic among clinical nurses in Hunan, and the incidence rate of needlestick injuries cannot be ignored.