BACKGROUND: Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) are a crucial pathogenic link to such long-term uremic complications in hemodialysis patients as immune system dysregulation, accelerated atherosclerosis, dialysis-related amyloldosis and so on. However, basic studies on AOPPs are relatively few, and one of the main reasons is the fact that it is difficult to obtain AOPPs with high pudty and biological activity.OBJECTIVE: To prepare, pudfy and indentify AOPPs, with the hope of searching for a method of preparing AOPPs with high purity and biological activity.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A single sample observation was completed in the Clinical Biochemistry Section of Ecsomatics Department, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from September to November in 2008. MATERIALS: Human serum albumin (HSA) was provided by Chengdu Rongsheng Company Ltd. Hitrap 26/60 sephacryl S-300 was purchased from GE Healthcare.METHODS: Hypochloric acid was used in the oxidation of purified HSA to prepare in vitro the AOPPs-modified HSA (AOPPs-HSA), which was then isolated by Hitrap 26/60 sephacryl S-300. Relative molecular mass was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropheresis (SDS-PAGE), native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and molecular weight standards. Structural features and biological activities were identified in the experiment of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) release from monocytes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①The purification and gel electrophoresis results of HSA. ②The purification and gel electrophoresis results of AOPPs. ③The dose-effect relationship between AOPPs-HSA and TNF-α release from monocytes. RESULTS: The relative molecular mass of AOPPs-HSA was 670 000 according to SDS-PAGE, native PAGE and molecular weight standards. Moreover, AOPPs-HSA could encourage the release of TNF-α from monocytes. The time effects showed that TNF-α release volume significantly increased after 6 hours of stimulation by AOPPs-HSA (1 g/L) and reached a peak at hour 12. CONCLUSION: Highly purified and bioactive AOPPs can be successfully prepared by the above-mentioned method, which builds a basis for further study on AOPPs.

0.05);the 2 hours postprandial plasma glucose(2hPG) was significantly lower in insulin aspart 30 injection group than in mixed protamine zinc recombinant human insulin injec- tion one(P

Background Researches showed that microperimetry can exhibit more tiny visual function damage than conventional perimetry in glaucomatous eyes.However,the study on fixation stability of glaucoma is still rare until now.Objective This study was to compare the correlation between microperimetry Maia (Macular Integrity Assessment) and Humphrey perimetry,and to investigate the changes of the fixation stability in glaucoma patients with hemifield defect.Methods This study proposal was approved by Medical Ethic Committee of Peking University First Hospital.A cross-sectional study was performed under the informed consent of each subject.Thirtyfive eyes of 35 glaucoma patients with hemifield defect by 24-2 Humphrey perimetry were included in Peking University First Hospital from December 2013 to March 2014,and 30 eyes of 30 normal volunteers served as controls.Both Humphery (10-2) and Maia (expert 10-2) were performed on the subjects respectively and the correlation of the results between Humphery (10-2) and Maia (expert 10-2) were analyzed.Then the patients with normal hemifield on Humphrey were assigned to Maia normal group and Maia abnormal group.Fixation stability differences were compared between glaucoma group and normal control group,and between Maia normal group and Maia abnormal group.Results The moderately positive correlation was found in the mean sensitivity between Maia microperimetry and Humphrey perimetry (r=0.403,P =0.001),and the average threshold of Maia microperimetry was moderately positive correlated with the mean defect (MD) of Humphrey perimetry in glaucoma patients (r=0.438,P =0.008).The fixation stability parameter P1 was (67±17)％ and (87±10)％,and that of P2 was (70±16)％ and (88±9)％;the 63％ bicurve elipse area (BCEA) was (5.08±1.55) °2and (2.21±0.60) °2,and the 95％ BCEA was (14.74± 6.04) °2 and (2.86 ± 1.17)°2 in the glaucoma group and normal control group,respectively,showing significant decreases of P1 and P2 and increases of 63％ BCEA and 95％ BCEA in the glaucoma group compared with the normalcontrol group (t=-5.604,-4.831,9.885,11.086,all at P=0.000).In Maia normal group and Maia abnormal group,the P1 was (79±8)％ and (63±17)％,the P2 was (81±10)％ and (67±16)％,the 63％ BCEA was (3.19±0.65)°2 and (5.70±1.22)°2 and the 95％ BCEA was (9.10±2.60)°2 and (19.35±5.01)°2,respectively.Compared with the Maia normal group,the P1 and P2 were significantly lower,and 63％ BCEA and 95 ％ BCEA were higher in the Maia abnormal group (t=-2.468,P=0.019;t=-2.371,P=0.024;t =5.514,P=0.000;t=5.575,P=0.000).Conclusions Maia microperimetry and Humphrey perimetry yield a good correlation for glaucomatous macular function examination.In addition,Maia microperimetry showed that fixation stability decreased in glaucoma patients with hemifield defect.

Objective Helicobacter pylori（ ）， To investigate the infection status of HP and analyze the correlation between HP Methods infection and serum bilirubin in railway drivers. A total of 2 731 railway drivers in Zhengzhou locomotive depot were - selected as study subjects using judgment sampling method. Carbon 13 urea breath test was used to evaluate the HP infection ， status. The metabolic indexes of HP positive group and HP negative group were compared and the relationship between HP Results （ ） ， infection and serum bilirubin was analyzed. The HP infection rate was 42.3% 1 156/2 731 . The older the age the ， （ ）， （ P ） longer the work years and the higher the body mass index BMI the higher the HP infection rate all <0.01 . The infection （P ） rate of HP in married people was higher than that in unmarried people <0.01 . The HP infection rate of smokers was higher - （P ） - ， than that of non smokers <0.01 . Compared with the HP negative group fasting blood glucose and serum levels of total ， （ - ）， （ ） - cholesterol low density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL C triglyceride and homocysteine Hcy were increased in the HP （ P ） （ - ）， ， positive group all <0.05 . The serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL C total bilirubin direct bilirubin （ ） - （ P ） DBIL and indirect bilirubin were lower than those in HP negative group all <0.05 . Logistic regression analysis showed that （ P ） HP infection was associated with low serum total bilirubin and low DBIL all <0.01 after adjusting for the confounding effects ， ， ， ， ， ， ， - ， - ， of age work years marital status smoking history fasting blood glucose total cholesterol triacylglycerol LDL C HDL C Conclusion ， ， ， and Hcy. The age work length BMI smoking and marital status are the influencing factors of HP infection in railway drivers. HP infection is associated with low levels of total bilirubin and DBIL.

To determine the optimum conditions of supercritical CO2 extraction of Xiaoyaosan, and establish its fingerprint by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the yield of extract were investigated, an orthogonal test was used to quantify the effects of extraction temperature, pressure, CO2 flow rate and time, and fingerprint analysis of different batches of extracts were by GC-MS. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: extraction pressure 20 MPa, extraction temperature 50 degrees C, CO2 flow rate 25 kg x h(-1), extraction time 3 h, and average yield 2.2%. The GC-MS fingerprint was established and 27 common peaks were found, whose contents add up to 81.89% of the total peak area. Among them, 21 compounds were identified, accounting for 53.20% of the total extract. The extraction process is reasonable and favorable for industrial production. The GC-MS method is accurate, reliable, reproducible, and can be used for quality control of supercritical CO2 extract from Xiaoyaosan.
Carbon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods

The present study aims to predict the action targets of antidepressant active ingredients of Xiaoyaosan to understand the "multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways" mechanism. Using network pharmacology, the reported antidepressant active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan (saikosaponin A, saikosaponin C, saikosaponin D, ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid and pachymic acid), were used to predict the targets of main active ingredients of Xiaoyaosan according to reversed pharmacophore matching method. The prediction was made via screening of the antidepressive drug targets approved by FDA in the DrugBank database and annotating the information of targets with the aid of MAS 3.0 biological molecular function software. The Cytoscape software was used to construct the Xiaoyaosan ingredients-targets-pathways network. The network analysis indicates that the active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan involve 25 targets in the energy metabolism-immune-signal transmutation relevant biological processes. The antidepressant effect of Xiaoyaosan reflects the features of traditional Chinese medicine in multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways. This research provides a scientific basis for elucidation of the antidepressant pharmacological mechanism of Xiaoyaosan.
Antidepressive Agents ; pharmacology ; Benzoates ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; Coumaric Acids ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Flavanones ; Glucosides ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; Lactones ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Monoterpenes ; Sesquiterpenes ; Software

Water soluble extract (WSE) is an important index for the quality evaluation of Astragali Radix (AR). In this study, the WSE of the wild AR from Shanxi province (SX) and the cultivated AR from Gansu Province (GS) were compared. The WSEs of two types of AR were determined according to the appendix of Chinese pharmacopoeia. Then the WSEs were subjected to NMR analysis, and the obtained data were analyzed using HCA, PCA, OPLS-DA, microarray analysis, and Spearman rank analysis. In addition, the Pearson correlation of differential metabolites were also calculated. The results showed that the WSE content of GS-AR (37.80%) was higher than that of SX-AR (32.13%). The main constituent of WSE was sucrose, and other 18 compounds, including amino acids, organic acids, were also detected. Multivariate analysis revealed that SX-AR contained more choline, succinic acid, citric acid, glutamate, taurine and aspartate, while GS samples contained more sucrose, arginine and fumaric acid. In addition, the Pearson correlations between different metabolites of the two types of AR also showed apparent differences. The results suggested that the WSE of two types of AR differs not only in the content, but also in the chemical compositions. Thus, the cultivation way is important to the quality of AR. This study supplied a new method for the comparison of extract of herbal drugs.
Arginine ; analysis ; Aspartic Acid ; analysis ; Choline ; analysis ; Citric Acid ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Fumarates ; analysis ; Glutamic Acid ; analysis ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Multivariate Analysis ; Phylogeography ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Succinic Acid ; analysis ; Sucrose ; analysis ; Taurine ; analysis

AIM: To study the chemical components from the bioactive extract of Chuanminshen violaceum Sheh et Shan in Sichuan province. METHODS: The isolation and purification of this extract were conducted by means of silica gels column chromatography.The structures of the compounds were elucidated based on their physical,chemical features and spectrum data. RESULTS: 8 compounds were isolated from the extract.They were elucidated as hexadecanoic Acid(A),2,6-dimethoxybenzoic acid(B),succinic acid (C),combination of sigmasterol and sitosterol(1(∶)1)(D),chrysophanol(E),8-hydroxy-5-methoxypsoralen(F),4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid(G) and stigmasteryl 3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(H). CONCLUSION: Compounds B,C,E,G were isolated from Chuanminshen violaceum for the first time.

AIM: To assess the differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) in the microenvironment of retinitis pigmentosa(RP) induced by the administration of sodium iodate. METHODS: In vitro cultured Lewis rat MSC were injected into the subretinal space of NaIO3 induced RP rat eyes (30g/L NaIO3 100mg/kg). To observe the trace and differentiation of MSC by immuno-fluorescent method successively in 5 weeks after the surgery.RESULTS: The majority of the transplanted cells stay in retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) layer and cones and rods layer. From the 2nd week after transplantation, the engrafted MSC expressed PCK and rhodopsin under fluorescent microscope.CONCLUSION: MSC can survive mainly in the outer layer of retina in the microenvironment of RP and differentiate forward the RPE cell and photoreceptor.

Background To optimize the culture method of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells is very important for the study of retinal angiogenesis disease.Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells have been successfully cultured in previous studies,but further improvement of the culture method to harvest higher yields and purity cells is still needed.Objective This study was to design a modified method to isolate and purify human retinal microvascular endothelial cells much easily and quickly,and to compare the expression of specific markers of vascular endothelial cells,factor Ⅷ and CD31/CD34 in the cells.Methods The use of human donor eyeballs was approved by the Ethic Commission of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University.The retina tissue from healthy donor was isolated and digested by the two-step digestion method with 2％ trypsin and 0.133％ collagenase Ⅳ.Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells were collected and plated in 60 mm dishes coated by 0.1％ fibronectin and cultured in endothelial cell-specialized medium supplemented with 10％ fetal bovine serum,0.3 mg/L β-endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) and 100 ng/L sodium heparin.During the culturing,the growth situation of the cells was monitored by morphological observation,and immunohistochemical staining was performed to probe vascular endothelial cell-specific membrane protein CD31,CD34 and factor Ⅷ for identification of the cell purity.Results Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells were isolated successfully from the retina by the twostep digestion method.The primary cultured cells adhered to well 72 hours later and achieved confluence with the typical cobblestone appearance 9 to 10 days after cultured.The cells exhibited the blue nuclei and reddish cytoplasm by regular haematoxylin and eosin stain and showed a strong positive response for CD31,CD34 and factor Ⅷ by immunohistochemistry.The positive dye of CD31 and CD34 was lower than Ⅷ factor in both endothelial cells.Conclusions Modified culture method of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells can improve cell culture result and purify target cells.