Objective To analyze the schistosomiasis endemic situation and understand its transmission trend in Jiangling County from 2004 to 2013 so as to improving the schistosomiasis control. Methods The relevant data of schistosomiasis were collected and analyzed statistically in Jiangling county from 2004-2013. Results The human prevalence of schistosomiasis was decreased from 10.22%in 2004 to 0.63%in 2013 with the descend rate of 93.84% and the notable descend rate was 76.92%from 2009-2013. The cattle infection rate was decreased yearly from 7.59%in 2004 to 0 in 2013. The appearance rate of frames with living Oncomelaniahupensissnails and the infection rate of snails reduce by 17.53%and 100%respectively. Conclusions Af?ter 10?year control the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Jiangling County decreases and is at a low level. However the risk factors of transmission still exist. Therefore the comprehensive control measures still should be enhanced continuously.

Objective To study the protective effect of total flavones of hawthorn leaf (TFHL) on renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods A model of renal I/R was made by clamping double renal pedical for 60 min and reperfusion for 24 h.TFHL (30 or 60 mg/kg) was injected before clamping renal ischemia. The level of serum urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(Scr), tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?),interleukin-1(IL-1) in serum were detected after reperfusion for 1 and 24 h,respectively,and the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) and erythrocuprein (SOD) in renal tissues were measured after reperfusion for 24 h.Results TFHL significantly decreased the level of BUN and Scr, decreased the concentration of TNF-? and IL-1 in serum. Pretreatment with TFHL also enhanced the activity of SOD reduced the concentration of MDA in renal after I/R.Conclusions TFHL has significantly protective effect on renal I/R and markedly improve the renal function. The mec-hanisms are associated with decreasing the lipid peroxidation reaction and reducing the level of TNF-? and IL-1.

BACKGROUND: How to choose traditional Chinese remedy to treat cerebrovascular disease, not only improving the brain blood supply but also not affecting the blood pressure and heart rate, has been a promising research.OBJECTIVE: To study the role of yangyintongnao granule on average blood pressure and heart rate in anaesthetized dog.DESIGN: Complete grouping design and randomized controlled study based on hybrid dog.SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Preclinical Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA MATERIALS: The experiment had finished by Cardiovascular Laboratory of Physiology Department in the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from March to June 2003. Totally 23 healthy hybrid dogs in either sex were selected. These dogs were divided randomly into 4 groups: high dose group of yangyintongnao( n = 8), moderate dose group of yangyintongnao ( n = 6), low dose group of yangyintongnao( n = 5) and saline group( n = 4).METHODS: Anesthetic dogs in high, moderate and low dose group of yangyintongnao granule were given different doses of yangyintongnao granule: 2 g/kg, 1 g/kg and 0. 5 g/kg respectively. All doses of drug were calculated based on the body mass of dogs, and the drugs were dissolved in 100 mL saline and given through the gastric canal. Dogs in saline group were perfused with equal saline. Aortic average blood pressure was measured by femoral artery intubation via a piezometric transducer. Heart rate was obtained from R-R intervals of a standard Ⅱ lead of electrocardiograph(ECG). The mean blood pressure and heart rate were recorded 0. 5, 1, 1.5, 2.0,3.0, 4. 0, 5.0, 6. 0 hours after treatment.MEAN OUTCOME MEASURES: The changes of blood pressure and heart rate at different time before and after medication.RESULTS: Totally 29 dogs were brought into the final analysis. Blood pressure: The mean blood pressure was reduced -5.4% to -6. 2% respectively in high dose group and moderate dose group after treatment. But in low dose group the average blood pressure sometimes increased sometimes decreased, mainly decreased. It increased by 6.6% ( P ＞ 0. 05) and decreased by -4. 1% ( P ＞ 0.05) at maximum. The average blood pressure in saline group changed by - 9.6% ( P ＞ 0.05). Heart rate: The heart rate in high and medium dose group gradually reduced as time went on. It reduced by - 4. 4%, - 12.2% and - 9.5% respectively in high, moderate and low doses group. The change in each group was not statistically significant as the same in saline group( P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Yangyintongnao granule has no significant influence on average blood pressure and heart rate.

Objective To discuss the etiology, clinical features and prognosis of non benign neonatal arrhythmias. Method Clinical data of 27 cases of non benign neonatal arrhythmias diagnosed from January 2005 to January 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among 27 neonats, there were 15 male and 12 female. Fourteen cases were early neonatal and 13 were late neonatal. Gestational age was less than 32 weeks in 6 cases, and more than 32 weeks in 21 cases. In 19 cases with tachyarrhythmia, 14 cases were induced by respiratory infection. The causes of 8 newborns with bradycardia arrhythmia were congenital heart disease (3 cases), electrolyte disturbance (2 cases), severe asphyxia with sepsis (2 cases), and severe asphyxia (1 case). The onset age and gestational age were lower in cases with bradycardia arrhythma that those in cases with tachyarrhythmia (P<0.005). The cure rate and effective rate of tachyarrhythmia was 89.5%and 100%, of bradycardia arrhythmia was 0%and 12.5%, respectively, and the differences were signiifcant (P<0.005). Conclusion Clinical characteristics, pathogenesis and prognosis were different between tachyarrhythmia and bradycardia arrhythmia in neonates.

Microvesicles (MVs) are the heterogeneous mixtures of vesicles. MVs released by leukemia cells constitute an important part of the leukemia microenvironment. MVs might act as important reservoirs of microRNAs (miRNAs). It is worth evaluating whether MVs possess some unique miRNA contents that are valuable in understanding the pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the miRNA expression patterns of Nalm-6-derived MVs, Jurkat-derived MVs and normal cell-derived MVs using miRNA microarrays. The potential target genes regulated by differentially expressed miRNAs were also predicted and analyzed. Results demonstrated that 182 miRNAs and 166 miRNAs were differentially expressed in Nalm-6-MVs and Jurkat-MVs, respectively. Many oncogenes, tumor suppressors and signal pathway genes were targeted by these aberrantly expressed miRNAs, which might contribute to the development of B-ALL or T-ALL. Our findings expanded the potential diagnostic markers of ALL and provided useful information for ALL pathogenesis.

To study the preventive effect of sophocarpine (Soc) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, in order to analyze the influence of Soc on toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and janus tyrosine kinase 2 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signal pathways in mice intestinal tissues. The mice was given 2.5% DSS for 6 days to induce the acute colitis model. The Soc-treated group was intraperitoneally injected with sophocarpine 30 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) since the day before the experiment to the end. The disease activity index (DAI) was assessed everyday, and the colonic morphology and histological damage were observed with HE staining. The mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by real-time RT-PCR. The changes in key protein kinase p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase1/2 (JNK1/2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), JAK2, STAT3 in TLR4/MAPKs and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways were detected by western blot. The result showed that the model group showed statistical significance in body weight, DAI, colon length and histopathological changes compared with the normal group (P <0.05); however, the Soc-treated group showed significant improvements in the above indexes compared with the model group (P <0.05). TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the model group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P <0.05), but lowered in the Soc-treated group to varying degrees (P <0.05). In the normal group, the expressions of TLR4 and the phosphorylation of P38, JNK1/2, JAK2, STAT3 were at low levels; in the model group, the phosphorylation of P38, JNK1/2, JAK2, STAT3 increased; the Soc-treated group showed a decrease in TLR4 expression compared with the model group, with notable declines in the phosphorylation of TLR4, P38, JNK1/2, JAK2, STAT3. These findings indicate that Soc can inhibit TLR4/MAPKs, K2/STAT3 signaling pathway activation, reduce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and relieve inflammatory reactions, so as to effectively prevent experimental colitis.
Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Colitis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology ; Cytokines ; genetics ; Janus Kinase 2 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Phosphorylation ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology

Background Selective laser trabeculoplasty(SLT)has been widely accepted for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma.However,there are few reports about its application in treating angle-closure glaucoma so far.Objective This study was to clinically evaluate the safety and efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty for primary angle-closure glaucoma with opened anterior angle follow-up surgery.Methods A case-observational design was adopted in this study.A total of 33 eyes from 23 angle-closure glaucomatous patients with opened 180° angle were enrolled.All the patients understood this trial and written informed consent was obtained prior to the medical treatment.The average preoperative intraocular pressure(IOP)and number of medication were(23.07±4.01)mmHg and 1.52±0.66,respectively.A frequency doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was used to irradiate the trabecular meshwork with 70-80 laser spots over 180°.The same preoperative anti-glaucoma drugs were topically administered during the follow-up period.Visual acuity,IOP,slit lamp examination,gonioscopy and the coefficient of outflow facility were regularly assessed and performed after laser surgery.Results The IOP values of the 33 eyes were(18.78±4.87)mmHg,(18.83±3.95)mmHg,(19.78±4.48)mmHg,(19.63±3.68)mmHg,(19.11±3.36)mmHg,and(21.17±3.14)mmHg 1 day,l week,and 1,3,6,9 months after operation,showing significant decline in comparison with preoperation(P＜0.01).The mean drug uses were 1.63±0.85,1.23±1.01,1.25±0.98,1.21±1.02,1.22±0.86,and 1.69±0.53 at the same time point after operation,respectively,and significant differences were found 1 week,1,3,6 months in postoperation in comparison with preoperation(P =0.020,0.026,0.020,0.031).Ciliary congestion and aqueous flare naturally disappeared 1 week after surgery.The coefficients of outflow facility were 0.11±0.09 and 0.23±0.15,respectively at pretreatment and 3 months after SLT with a statistically significant difference (P=0.002).Conclusions Selective laser trabeculoplasty is effective and safe for angle-closure glaucoma.However,it is essential to have 1/2 circle of anterior chamber open for SLT in angle-closure glaucoma.

Cordyceps sinensis is an expensive and tonic-valuable famous herb in China. Due to a narrow growing distribution, a low parasitic rate and a harsh living environmental condition, its wild recourse is not abundant. In re-cent years, with the improvement of living standards, people’s awareness of health care has increased strongly. That is because of people’s over-excavation need;and the natural resources are becoming increasing scarcity. In order to meet the demand for Cordyceps, domestic researchers conducted vigorous studies. Since 1987, four or five cul-tured Cordyceps species have been developed, namely fermented Cordyceps sinensis. Through subsequent unceasing research, they were put into a lot of production, bringing a certain benefits for income and society. Currently, there are four commercial brands on the market. They are Bailing, Jinshuibao, Xinganbao and Ningxinbao. This paper summarized the studies of its chemical compositions and clinical applications on fermented Cordyceps militaris in the recent five years. It will let scholars understand its value of the cultured Cordyceps militaris more comprehen-sively and supply more information for scholars in its further research.

Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis ; complications ; diagnosis ; Seizures ; etiology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Dexamethasone ; administration & dosage ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell ; pathology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Natural Killer T-Cells ; pathology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Skin Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Young Adult