Bronchopulmonary Sequestration ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung ; blood supply ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pregnancy ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Adolescent ; Angiography ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hemoptysis ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male

The nutritional status, serum protein, albumin, calcium, zinc, iron, SF, FEP, vitamin A, activity of RBC transketolase, and blood glutathione redu-ctase of 349 normal primigravidas, 30 healthy non-pregnant women and 42 toxemic gravidas were estimated longitudinally from the 1st trimester to delivery. It was noted that serum protein, albumin, Ca, Zn, and Fe decreased markedly in the course of pregnancy. The content of serum vitamin A showed no variation or decrease in the 3rd trimester in 1/3 of the pregnant women observed. Insufficiency of thiamine and riboflavin were noted in 16.7% and 47% of the normal pregnant women respectively. The adequate nutrients intakes in pregnancy were considered to be: Energy, +200 kcal/d; Protein, + 15g/d in the 2nd trimester and +25g/d in the 3rd trimester; Calcium 1000 mg/d in the 2nd trimester and 1500mg/d in the 3rd trimester; Zinc, 20mg/d; Iron 26 or 30 mg/d by supplementation if possible; vitaminA 1000 ?gRE/d; both thiamine and riboflavin 1.8 mg/d.

Erythrocytes ; metabolism ; Fatty Liver ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis ; blood ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Complement 3b ; blood ; Thymosin ; therapeutic use ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of ambroxol in the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants.

METHODSElectronic searches were performed in the Cochrane Library, PubMED, EMBASE, Chinese CBM, Chinese VIP Database, Chinese Wanfang Database and Chinese CNKI Database up to the year of 2009 for randomized controlled trials (RCT) on ambroxol for the prevention of RDS in preterm infants. The meeting articles related to the RCT were manually searched in Pediatrics and Pediatric Research. Meta analysis was performed for the results of homogeneous studies by the Cochrane Collaboration's software RevMan 5.0.17.

RESULTSSix RCTs involving 823 preterm infants were included, and the quality assessment for the trials demonstrated 1 article as A class, 1 article as B class and 4 articles as C class. The Meta analysis showed that ambroxol administration significantly reduced the incidence of RDS (OR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.15 - 0.64, P<0.01), bronchopulmonary dysplasis (BPD, OR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.23 - 0.75, P<0.01), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH, OR=0.39, 95%CI:0.24 - 0.64, P<0.01), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA, OR=0.33, 95%CI: 0.17 - 0.67, P<0.01) and pulmonary infection (OR=0.24, 95%CI:0.14 - 0.38, P<0.01). No adverse events related to the ambroxol treatment were reported.

CONCLUSIONSThe current evidence shows that early use of ambroxol can reduce the risk of RDS, BPD, IVH, PDA and pulmonary infection in preterm infants.

Ambroxol ; therapeutic use ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; prevention & control ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; prevention & control ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo Evaluate four kits for screening HIV antibody by comparing and analyzing the HIV antibody screening positive results and Western Blot (WB) test results.

METHODSFrom January 2004 to June 2009, three ELISA kits (Zhongshan, Biomérieux and Livzon) were used for initial screening HIV antibody. The reactive positive samples were reexamed by initial ELISA kit and a rapid kit (Abbot Determine HIV-1/2). All repeatedly reactive positive screening results were followed by WB test.

RESULTSA total of 193 (0.094%) WB confirmed positive results were obtained from 206 151 specimens. The sensitivities and predictive values of negative test result (PVN) of three ELISA kits were all 100% and those of Abbot Determine HIV-1/2 were 93.93%, and 91.67% respectively. All false negative results from Abbot were WB indeterminate. The specificities of Zhongshan, Biomérieux, Livzon and Abbot were 99.88%, 99.89%, 99.96% and 89.38%; the study predictive values of a positive test result (PVP) were 35.58%, 46.46%, 76.61% and 92.20%; the efficiencies were 99.88%, 99.89%, 99.96% and 91.98%; the areas under ROC curve of the three ELISA kits were 0.93, 0.99, and 0.95 respectively. PVP of Livzon was obviously higher than those of Zhongshan (chi(2) = 45.804, P = 0.000), Biomérieux (chi(2) = 25.231, P = 0.000) and Biomérieux was higher than Zhongshan (chi(2) = 2.488, P = 0.115). PVP of Abbot was highest (chi(2) = 18.633, P = 0.000, vs Livzon). There were some specimens with S/CO (optical density of sample/cut off) ratio < 6 or > or = 6 in all three groups with positive, indeterminate and negative WB results. The S/CO ratio from Zhongshan in confirmed positive group (14.29 + or - 2.63) was higher than in positive-negative group (2.80 + or - 3.25) (t = 17.652, P = 0.000). The S/CO ratio from Biomérieux in confirmed positive group(16.09 + or - 2.35) was higher than in positive-negative group (2.14 + or - 1.91) (t = 31.622, P = 0.000). The S/CO ratio from Livzon in confirmed positive group (11.54 + or - 1.95) was higher than in positive-indeterminate group (5.54 + or - 3.57) (t = 6.386, P = 0.000), positive-negative group (3.25 + or - 2.41) (t = 21.772, P = 0.000) and positive-indeterminate group was higher than positive-negative group (t = 2.301, P = 0.033).

CONCLUSIONThe performances of four HIV antibody screening kits are good but estimating WB confirming result in line with S/CO ratio is not available. All repeated screening positive results should be followed by confirmatory tests.

AIDS Serodiagnosis ; methods ; Blotting, Western ; methods ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; HIV Antibodies ; blood ; HIV Seropositivity ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Indicators and Reagents ; Mass Screening ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Female ; Homosexuality, Female ; Humans ; Risk-Taking

OBJECTIVETo investigate the growth and development of brain derived neurophic factor(BDNF)-positive neurons in the frontal lobe of human fetus.

METHODSThe expression of the BDNF-positive neurons in the frontal lobe of human fetus in the 2(nd),3(rd),and 4(th) month of gestation were observed with the streptavidin-biotin-complex/immunoperoxidase(SABC)method.

RESULTSBy the second month of gestation,BDNF-positive neurons were seen in the subventricular layer of the frontal lobe of cerebellum.By the third month of gestation,BDNF-positive neurons in the central layer were in various shapes,with big nucleus,less cytoplasm,and small processes.By the fourth month of gestation,BDNF-positive neurons in the central layer grew larger in size,cytoplasm increased,the BDNF-positive expression was enhanced with deeper dyeing,and the nerve fibers and particles were distributed between neurons;also,the BDNF-positive neurons were seen in the marginal layer of the frontal lobe of cerebrum.

CONCLUSIONBDNF-positive neurons may participate in the early development of the frontal lobe of cerebrum of human fetus.

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; metabolism ; Fetus ; metabolism ; Frontal Lobe ; embryology ; Humans ; Neurons ; cytology ; metabolism

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; Receptors, Somatostatin ; biosynthesis ; classification ; genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective To explore the protective effect of Anchanling serum on PCI2 cell injury induced by lactacystin and the possible mechanism.Methods The sem were obmined from rats with intragastric administration of Anchanling at small,medium and high doses.Lactacystin was used to induce proteasomal dysfunction in PCI2 cells,and the cell viability was evaluated with MTT assay.The PC 12 cells in exponential growth were divided into normal control,lactacystin injury and Anchanling-treated groups with corresponding treatments,and theexpressions of alpha-synuclein and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)were assayed using immunohistochemical staining.Results The serum of rats with medium-dose Anchanling treatment group resulted in the highest viability of the PC 12 cells among the 3 dose groups(P＜0.05).Compared with the normal control group,lactacystin exposure significantly increased the number of alpha-synuclein-positive cells but decreased the TH-positive cells (P＜0.05);treatments with the drug-containing sera significantly lowered alpha-synuclein-positive cells and increased TH-positive cells in the PC 12 cells with lactacystin exposure(P＜0.05).Conclusion Anchanling can improve the function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system,reduce the intracellular aggregation of alpha-synuclein,and upregulate TH expression in the PC 12 cells to promote the cell survival and offer neuronal protection effects.