Objective To investigate the role of subdural puncture(SDP)in the diagnosis and treatment of subdural fluid collection in young children with purulent meningitis.Methods Totally 207

Adult ; Cholesteatoma ; congenital ; Female ; Humans ; Temporal Bone

Objective To investigate the significance of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) protein expression and angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Tissue sec- tions from 40 HCC patients were examined immunohistochemically for protein expression of COX-2 and VEGF.Mi- crovessel density(MVD) was counted by endothelial cells immunostained by anti-CD34 antibody.Results The ex- pression of COX-2 protein in well differentiated HCC was stronger than that in moderately differentiated HCC and poorly differentiated HCC(P

Objective To investigate the impact of alterations within the space of Disse micro- environment on the migration of hepatic stellate cells(HSC) during the process of liver fibrosis,and to ex plore the novel mechanism of liver fibrosis from the view of cell migration.Methods A modified in vitro Boyden chamber system to partially mimic in vivo microenvironment of Disse space of normal and liver fibrosis was employed.The effects of fibrogenetic growth factors on the migration of HSC in liver fibrosis were observed via cell migration and cell proliferation experiments.Results Enhanced platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)-BB,transforming growth factor(TGF)-?1 and/or epithelial growth factor(EGF) in liver fibrosis resulted in an increase in migratory capacity of activated HSC.The enhanced migration of HSCs induced by PDGF-BB was partially associated with their increased proliferation,while,TGF-?1 or EGF-induced migration was proliferation independent.The elevation of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)during liver fibrosis had no effect on the migration of HSCs.Conclusions The study provides valuable insights into the role of space of Disse microenvironment in regulating HSC migratory behavior.TGF-?1,PDGF-BB and EGF,which increased in liver fibrosis, could induce the migration of activated HSC.However,bFGF or VEGF has no such kind of effect,al- though they also increased during liver fibrosis.

This study is to investigate the anti-tumor activities of a novel cyclophosphamide derivate 4, 6-diphenyl cyclophosphamide (9b) in vivo and in vitro, and its possible mechanism of action. The inhibitory effects of 9b on human hepatoma cell line HepG2, human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and human myeloid leukemia cell line K562 were measured by MTT assay in vitro. Cell cycle distribution and apoptotic rate were evaluated by flow cytometry. To evaluate the anti-tumor effect of 9b in vivo, mouse model bearing inoculated H22 tumor was established. The results indicated that 9b could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2, MCF-7 and K562 cells in a dose and time dependent manner. The ICo50 values of 9b were 32.34 micromol.L-1 to HepG2 cells, 87.07 micromol.L-1 to MCF-7 cells and 149.10 micromol.L-1 to K562 cells after incubation for 48 h. The results of flow cytometry indicated that after being treated for 48 h with different concentrations of 9b, the ratios of HepG2, MCF-7 cells at the Go/G1 phase and K562 cells at the G0/Gl phase and G2/M phase increased significantly compared with control group, and the apoptotic rate increased with the increase of the concentration of 9b. 9b could significantly reduce tumor weight of H22 solid tumor mouse model in vivo. To summarize, 9b showed significantly anti-tumor activity in vivo and in vitro, of which the mechanism might be associated with the change of cell cycle distribution and induction of tumor cell apoptosis.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclophosphamide ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Random Allocation ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of patients with intractable by microsurgical operation.Methods All patients assisted by a 3-dimensional precise localization system of epileptic foei for epilepsy diagnosis and the epileptogenic focus and comprehensive surgical measures were taken for the treat- ment of isolated epileptic foci and their network.The outcomes of 50 patients in the following up 1～2 years were defined.A retrospective review was conducted.Results In this group,Excellent 53 cases (31.90%);good 83 cases(50.93%);moderate 10 cases(6.13%)and poor 18 cases(11.04%).The ef- fective rate was 80%.Conclusion The microsurgical management is an effective approach for treatment of refractory epilepsy.

Thirty SHRs were obtained randomly to hypertension, model group, captopril group and Qingre jiangya capsule group. Ten Wistar rats were used as control group. The hippocampus tissue was removed to explore the damage of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the protective effect of Qingre jiangya capsule after continuously administered for 14 days. And then the data were processed by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The research results revealed captopril group was significantly different from the other three groups. The classification of other three groups is also very clear after captopril group removed. This suggested that Qingre jiangya capsule could improve the overall metabolism compared with captopril. Four metabolites were identified: dimethylglycine, glycerophosphocholine, aldosterone and noradrenaline. Hypertension hippocampus damage may mainly be expressed in tyrosine metabolism, aldosterone-regulated sodium, vascular smooth muscle contraction reabsorption, and Qingre jiangya capsule could reverse the hippocampus tissue damage of SHR.
Animals ; Capsules ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Wistar

Enhancing medical students' humane quality education is an urgent requirement for modem medical mode transformation for medical education.The pharmacology teachers of Chongqing Medical University follow the modem education concepts and fully search the human spirit materials hidden in pharmacology,then actively explore how to integrate the humanity spirit education into the pharmacology teaching to achieve the changes of from exam-oriented education to quality education.

The paper is aimed to study the dynamic accumulation regulation of curcumin (Cur), demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxyeurcumin (BDMC) in three strains of Curcuma longa, and provide scientific references for formalized cultivation, timely harvesting, quality control and breeding cultivation of C. longa. The accumulation regulation of the three curcumin derivatives was basically the same in rhizome of three strains. The relative contents decreased along with plant development growing, while the accumulation per hectare increased with plant development growing. The accumulation of curcuminoids per hectare could be taken as the assessment standard for the best harvest time of C. longa. A3 was the best strain in terms of Cur and BDMC content.
Curcuma ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Curcumin ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; metabolism ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of colistimethate sodium (CMS) for the treatment of critical patients infected by pan-drug resistantAcinetobacter baumannii (PDR-AB) or pan-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PDR-PA).Methods 321 isolates of PDR-AB and 204 isolates of PDR-PA from critical patients admitted to 35 intensive care units (ICUs) of grade two or above were collected from the Anhui Antimicrobial Resistance Investigation Net (AHARIN) program from September 2012 to September 2015, while the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of colistin were determined by the E-test. A series of Monte Carlo simulations was performed for CMS regimens (1 MU q8h, 2 MU q8h, and 3 MU q8h, and MU meant a million of unit), and the probability of achieving a 24-hour area under the drug concentration time curve (AUC24)/MIC ratio > 60 and risk of nephrotoxicity for each dosing regimen was calculated. Each simulation was run over three CLCr ranges: < 60, ≥ 60-90, ≥ 90-120 mL/min. The probability of target attainment (PTA)for the AUC24/MIC ratio was calculated using the partial MIC value, while the cumulative fraction of response (CFR) was determined by integrating each PTA with the MIC distributions, the value greater than or equal to 90% or more than 80% was set as the optimal dosing regimen or suboptimal dosing regimen respectively. The probability of average 24-hour serum concentrations up to 4 mg/L for three dosage regimens was used to predict the risks of nephrotoxicity.Results All 321 isolates of PDR-AB and 204 isolates of PDR-PA were susceptible to colistin, the MIC50/90 against PDR-AB were 0.5mg/L and 1.0 mg/L, and those against PDR-PA were 0.5 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L, respectively. When recommended dose (1 MU q8h) was used for patients with CLCr of < 60 mL/min, high CFR value (89.78% for PDR-AB, 81.06% for PDR-PA) were obtained, but with a high risks of nephrotoxicity (> 32.51%). Moreover, low value of PTA (< 66.56%) was yielded for isolates with MIC of ≥ 1 mg/L. Recommended dose also yielded a low CFR value (56.97%-69.31% for PDR-AB, 44.76%-56.94% for PDR-PA) in patients with CLCr of ≥ 60-120 mL/min. When dose was increased to 2 MU q8h, CFR (77.45%-92.87%) and the risks of nephrotoxicity (< 0.15%) was optimal for patients with CLCr ≥ 60-120 mL/min, but low value of PTA (< 75.36%) was also yielded for isolates with MIC of ≥ 1 mg/L. The most aggressive dose of 3 MU q8h provided high CFR (> 89.24%) even in patients with CLCr ≥ 90-120 mL/min, and PTA was < 76.20% only for isolates with MIC of ≥ 1.5 mg/L, but this dosing scheme was associated with unacceptable risks of nephrotoxicity (> 33.68%).Conclusion Measurement of MIC, individualized CMS therapy and therapeutic drug-level monitoring should be considered to achieve the optimal drug exposure and ensure the safety of CMS.