Objective To learn the control status of iodine deficiency disorders in Baoji City of Shaanxi Province.Methods From 2009 to 2011,according to the National Iodized Salt Monitoring Program,the iodized salt was monitored,and thyroid was examined in 12 counties(areas) of Baoji City.According to rural and urban area stratification,60 children aged 8 to 10 were selected in each county(district),and their urine samples were collected for determination of iodine content.In 2011,per capita daily salt intake was surveyed by the three weighing method at children's home whose urine was collected.Chencang Area,Fufeng County and Taibai County,representatives of Baoji City different geomorphic features were selected for investigation of water iodine,and urinary iodine of pregnant and lactating women,and 15 people were selected in each county (district).Results From 2009-2011,in the 12 counties(areas) in Baoji City,the coverage rate of iodized salt was all 100.00％(3468/3468); the qualified rate of iodized salt and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt were all ＞ 99.00％.Children's goiter rate was 3.41％(87/2548),3.06％(77/2520) and 3.33％(84/2520),and they were all less than that of the national standard (＜ 5％).Medians of urinary iodine of 8-10 years old children were 368.20,293.80 and 332.50 μg/L,respectively,and the ratios of urine iodine ≥300 μg/L were accounted for 66.42％ (797/1200),48.05％(692/1440) and 56.67％(816/1440),respectively.Median urinary iodine of pregnant women was 301.81 μg/L and lactating women was 329.79 μg/L.A total of 1116 households were investigated,the median of per capita daily salt intake was 8.9 g.Eighteen water samples were collected,range of water iodine value were 0.60-10.25 μg/L.Conclusions Iodine nutrition in general population of Baoji City is exceeded the optimum level,and the current iodized salt concentration has some down space,but fully consideration should be taken on iodine needs in different iodine deficiency areas and among different groups of people.

Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy

Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; standards ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Quality Control ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective To investigate the expressions of lung cancer related genes and miRNA in peripheral blood of the residents surrounding the extremely high radon hot springs in Ruoergai County,Sichuan Province. Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from the local residents.Expressions of lung cancer related genes (p53,k-ras) and miRNA (let-7a,miR-34a/b) were detected by real-time PCR and the protein expressions of p53 and k-ras were detected by Western blot.Results The expressions of p53 and k-ras mRNA of the residents in high radon area were 0.97 and 1.33 times of the control respectively (t =0.13,-1.12,P ＞0.05),and the p53 and k-ras protein levels were 0.70 and 1.23 times of the control respectively (t =0.72,0.46,P ＞ 0.05).The let-7a of the residents in high radon area was lower (t =1.63,P ＞ 0.05 ) while the miR-34a and miR-34b were significantly higher than those of the controls (t =- 3.20,- 3.32,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Based on the expressions of p53 and k-ras gene and miRNA,it can be concluded that the residents surrounding the high radon hot springs received radiation damage.

Objective To establish the quality standard of Yuling Tea for its quality control. Methods Astragalus, Fructus cnidii L, Schisandra chinensis and Lycii Fructus in Yuling Tea were identified by TLC. The content of Schisandrin was determined by HPLC. Welch Materials C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with mobile phase of methanol-water (70∶30) was used. The detective wavelength was 250 nm. Results The TLC for identification was simple and special. Schisandrin showed a good linear relationship in 0.222-0.222 0 μg, r=0.999 9. The average recovery was 98.96%, and RSD was 0.74%. Conclusion The method can accurately determine the content of Schisandrin in Yuling Tea. It can be used for quality control of the preparation.

The present study aims to predict the action targets of antidepressant active ingredients of Xiaoyaosan to understand the "multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways" mechanism. Using network pharmacology, the reported antidepressant active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan (saikosaponin A, saikosaponin C, saikosaponin D, ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid and pachymic acid), were used to predict the targets of main active ingredients of Xiaoyaosan according to reversed pharmacophore matching method. The prediction was made via screening of the antidepressive drug targets approved by FDA in the DrugBank database and annotating the information of targets with the aid of MAS 3.0 biological molecular function software. The Cytoscape software was used to construct the Xiaoyaosan ingredients-targets-pathways network. The network analysis indicates that the active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan involve 25 targets in the energy metabolism-immune-signal transmutation relevant biological processes. The antidepressant effect of Xiaoyaosan reflects the features of traditional Chinese medicine in multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways. This research provides a scientific basis for elucidation of the antidepressant pharmacological mechanism of Xiaoyaosan.
Antidepressive Agents ; pharmacology ; Benzoates ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; Coumaric Acids ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Flavanones ; Glucosides ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; Lactones ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Monoterpenes ; Sesquiterpenes ; Software

Objective To learn the existing state of Keshan disease and its trend in Baoji City,and to provide a scientific basis for control of the disease.Methods Feng,Qianyang,Linyou and Long Counties,the Keshan disease affected areas were selected to carry out the case study,and Keshan cases were searched from all registered cases of myocardial patients of the past three years at county-level medical institutions and hospitals of townships(towns).Thirteen villages affected by Keshan disease in Qianyang,Fengxiang,Feng,Linyou and Long Counties were selected as monitoring points to carry out a intensified monitoring.All subjects were surveyed by comprehensive clinical physical examination and 12-lead ECG tracings,and they were diagnosed according to the Keshan disease diagnostic criteria.Ten households were selected randomly in each monitoring point(village),and self-produced wheat samples and adult subject's occipital hair samples were collected for detecting selenium levels.Results Seven hundred and forty-six cardiac cases which containing 17 cases of chronic Keshan disease were discovered in 32 medical institutions,and there were no acute and subacute type of Keshan disease patients.Five thousand seven hundred and twenty-three subjects were examined in the 13 monitoring sites,and 65 cases of Keshan disease were diagnosed which including 17 cases of slow and 48 cases of potential Keshan disease,and no acute or subacute case was found.The total detection rate was 1.14％,and the detection rate ranged from 0 to 2.86％.Hair selenium mean was 0.420 mg/kg; wheat selenium mean was 0.079 mg/kg.Conclusions The Keshan disease detection rate of Baoji City is at a low level.The selenium level of local residents has reached the level of non-endemic area.Constant detection of patient with Keshan disease means various control measures should be reinforced.The comprehensive monitoring program,such as monitoring people's in vivo and in vitro selenium level and others,should be established as soon as possible.

AIMTo observe the differences of hemodynamics and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) activity of ventricular cardiac muscle in two septic shock models and explore the possible mechanism.

METHODSTwo rat models of septic shock[lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic shock] were used. The hemodynamic parameters and nitric oxide synthase activity of ventricular cardiac muscle were measured.

RESULTSThe hemodynamic parameters in CLP-induced model were increased in the early stage and decreased in the late stage while in LPS-induced model the parameters showed the same change of the CLP late stage. Both LPS model and CLP model (late stage) showed significant increase in NOS activity, but there was no difference between the two models. After treatment of the NOS inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), the parameters of CLP-late stage and LPS model increased significantly. The NOS activity reached the highest level in the CLP-middle stage. The production of nitrite/nitrate decreased significantly in LPS model and CLP model(late stage) after treatment of L-NAME, but the nitrite/nitrate produced by constitutive NOS in LPS model was higher than CLP model(late stage).

CONCLUSIONThe increase of the NOS activity may be the main reason to lead to the depression of the hemodynamic parameters. Inducible NOS may play the leading role in the LPS model while cNOS and iNOS have the same effect in the CLP model.

Animals ; Hemodynamics ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Male ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Shock, Septic ; classification ; metabolism

To determine the optimum conditions of supercritical CO2 extraction of Xiaoyaosan, and establish its fingerprint by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the yield of extract were investigated, an orthogonal test was used to quantify the effects of extraction temperature, pressure, CO2 flow rate and time, and fingerprint analysis of different batches of extracts were by GC-MS. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: extraction pressure 20 MPa, extraction temperature 50 degrees C, CO2 flow rate 25 kg x h(-1), extraction time 3 h, and average yield 2.2%. The GC-MS fingerprint was established and 27 common peaks were found, whose contents add up to 81.89% of the total peak area. Among them, 21 compounds were identified, accounting for 53.20% of the total extract. The extraction process is reasonable and favorable for industrial production. The GC-MS method is accurate, reliable, reproducible, and can be used for quality control of supercritical CO2 extract from Xiaoyaosan.
Carbon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods

The purpose of this study is to explore depression metabolic markers in rat hippocampus and to investigate the anti-depressant effect of genipin and its mechanisms using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabonomics. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure was conducted to establish the depressive rat model. At the beginning of the third week, genipin low dose (25 mg x kg(-1)), middle dose (50 mg x kg(-1)), high dose (100 mg x kg(-1)), and venlafaxine (50 mg x kg(-1)) were given to the CUMS rats separately once daily for two weeks except control and model groups. Rat hippocampus was analyzed by 1H NMR based metabonomics after drug administration for 2 weeks. Significant differences in the metabolic profile of rat hippocampus of the CUMS treated group and the control group were observed with metabolic effects of CUMS including decreasing in glycine and N-acetylaspartate, increasing in inositol, glutamate, lactate, glutamine, taurine and alanine. Genipin showed ideal antidepressive effects at a dose of 50 mg x kg(-1) in rats, decrease of inositol, glutamate, lactate, alanine were observed, while glycine and N-acetylaspartate were increased. Important influence has been found on normal nervous system function of these significant changed metabolites, which suggests that the antidepressant effect of genipin may be played by enhancing the activity of neurons in hippocampus, repairing and improving the function of the neuron. The metabonomics approach is an effective tool for the investigation of the anti-depressant effect and pharmacologic mechanisms of genipin.
Alanine ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Aspartic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Chronic Disease ; Depression ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Glutamic Acid ; metabolism ; Glycine ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Inositol ; metabolism ; Iridoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Lactic Acid ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley