Objective To explore the change of degrade of clonazepam in serum with single and repeated - dose administration in children with seizure, and find a reasonable method for using the clonazepam. Methods Children with seizures were divided into single - dose paradigam, repeated - dose paradigam, and decreased - dose paradigam. The concentration of CZP in serum was determined by high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC). Results The serum concentrations of clanazepain in single - dose paradigam were (101.9?12.1),(76.9 ? 5.8),(50.7?2.9),(30.9?5.4),(21.5?6.8)?g/L,the time point that the blood samples collected were 15,30,60,120 and 480 min. The serum concentrations in repeated - dose paradigam were (97. 2 ? 6. 1),(130.4? 13. 4), (99. 4 ? 9.8),(79.6?2.4)?g/L,in decreased-dose paradigam were( 101.1 ?13.1),(123.1 ?6. 6), (99.4 ?9. 8), (79. 3 ? 2. 2)?g/L,in these two groups,the time point were 15,45,60 and 120 min. Conclusion Repeated administration of CZP with decreased dose may increase its effectiveness in treatment without substantially increasing toxicity.

Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency ; etiology ; Tricuspid Valve Prolapse ; congenital

To investigate the therapeutic effect of artesunate on mouse cytomegalovirus pneumonia, the BALB/c-nu mice were infected with murine cytomegalovirus-green fluorescent protein (MCMV-GFP) by nose dropping method. The experimental protocol was approved by the Medical Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Guangzhou Medical University. The BALB/c-nu mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, MCMV pneumonia group, and artesunate (60, 120, and 240 mg·kg^-1) groups. The survival rate, weights, and virus loads in lungs among the groups were observed. The degree of histopathologic changes in lungs was assessed directly by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) assay. MCMV-GFP expression was assessed by immunofluorescence. In addition, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was performed to investigate the content of major immediate early 1 (Mie1) mRNA, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the changes of inflammatory factors, interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of the changes of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways in total proteins. Compared with MCMV group, artesunate (120 mg·kg^-1) significantly increased body weights of MCMV-infected nude mice over 30 days, and decreased the viral titer in lung homogenate, lung inflammation, and histological severity. Moreover, the administration of artesunate (120 mg·kg^-1) could downregulate the expression of phospho-NF-κB (p-NF-κB) p65 in the lungs of mice. The present study suggested that artesunate can protect the immunocompromised mice from MCMV-induced interstitial pneumonia via downregulating NF-κB signaling pathway, thus attenuating inflammation in the lungs.

Objective To discuss whether the separating block of sensory nerve with acupoint-injection and epidural analgesia by ropivacaine during labour.Methods Ninty full term primigravidae with ASAⅠ～Ⅱwere randomly divided into 3 groups:group E(n = 30),group C(n = 30)and group A(n = 30).When the external cervi- cal os was dilated to 3cm,group A:acupiont-injection to Ci Liao;group E:epidural analgesia with 0.075% ropiva- caine and fentanyel 2?g/ml;group C:combining group A and group E except fentanyel 2?g/ml.Level of pain(VAS scores),degree of sensory and motor block,the mode of delivery,the progress of labour and side effects were recorded and compared.Results The level of pain(VAS scores)in group A was higher than that of group C and group E,and there were no significant differences in group C and group E,Bur there were some side effects discovered in group E. There was no significant differences of the mode of delivery in the groups.Conclusion The method that acupoint- rejection combined with epidural analgesia by 0.075% ropivacaine is effective and has no side effects for labour.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of ERK1/2 MAPK pathway on the expression of Kv1.5 channel, a voltage-gated potassium ion channel, in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and its mechanisms during the process of hypoxia.

METHODSThe PASMCs derived from SD rats were cultivated primarily. The third to sixth generation of PASMCs were divided into 5 groups randomly: (1) Normal group (N); (2) Hypoxic group (H); (3) Demethy sulfoxide(DMSO) group (HD); (4) U0126 group (HU): 10 micromol/L U0126; (5) Anisomycin group (HA): 10 micromol/L anisomycin. There were three dishes of cells in each group. The cells in normal group were cultured in normoxic incubator (5% CO2, 37 degrees C), the cells in other groups were added to 0.05% DMSO in the hypoxic incubator (5% CO2, 2% O2, 37 degrees C), all cells were cultured for 60 h. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detected the espressions of Kv1.5 mRNA and protein in PASMCs.

RESULTSCompared with N group, the expressions of Kv1.5 mRNA and protein in H, HD and HA groups were reduced significantly (P < 0.05); Compared with H group and HD groups, Kv1.5 mRNA and protein expressions in HU group were increased sharply (P < 0.05). Compared with the HU group, Kv1.5 mRNA and protein expressions in HA groups were significantly lower (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONLow oxygen reduced Kv1.5 mRNA and protein expressions, U0126 could resistant the Kv1.5 channel lower expression caused by hypoxia. Anisomycin had no significant effect on Kv1.5 channel expression under hypoxia, but the expression of Kv1.5 was still significantly lower than the normal oxygen group. These data suggest that hypoxia may cause hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by interfering ERK1/2 signaling pathway to inhibit Kv1.5

Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Kv1.5 Potassium Channel ; metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Artery ; cytology ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

This study is to screen the Chinese herbal compounds which could inhibit the production of Abeta and investigate the underlying mechanism. Ten types of compounds which have potential value in the treatment of AD were selected as initial screening trial. The cell models which used could overexpress Abeta and beta-secretases or Abeta and gamma-secretases. Extracellular Abeta was determined by ELISA after the cell models treated with different concentrations of compounds (0.5-100 micromol x L(-1)), separately. Then the compounds were selected which could inhibit extracellular Abeta and their best concentration ranges were decided, too. Furthermore, the cell viability and apoptosis rate, the level of intracellular Abeta, beta and gamma-secretases were determined after the cell models treated with different concentrations of selected compounds. The results showed that 4 of the 10 compounds could reduce the level of extracellular Abeta; they were cryptotanshinone, astragalosides, gastrodin and paeoniflorin, and their best concentration ranges were 0.5-5.0, 0.5-5.0, 5.0-50, 1.0-25 micromol x L(-1), respectively. Further study indicated that the 4 selected compounds were nontoxic to the cellular models and lowering intracellular Abeta were more effective compared with extracellular; of which astragalosides and gastrodin showed dose-dependent inhibition to the activities of beta and gamma-secretases, with the maximum inhibiting rates of 78.2% and 80.3%, respectively. In conclusion, cryptotanshinone, astragalosides, gastrodin and paeoniflorin could inhibit the expression and secretion of Abeta, and the underlying inhibiting mechanism of astragalosides and gastrodin were related with the reduction of the beta and gamma-secretase activities, respectively.
Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Apoptosis ; Benzyl Alcohols ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Monoterpenes ; pharmacology ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology ; Saponins ; pharmacology

BACKGROUND:There is a great difference of grade size of macrobead in various joint diseases; therefore, it can be used to determine state of joint diseases initially.OBJECTTVE : To explore the physical properties of synovial fluid nano-particles and their correlations with the occurrence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA).DESIGN: Controlled experimental study based on synovial fluid samples.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 99 synovial fluid samples were collected from normal subjects and KOA patients with various KOA severities. Among them, 41 were normal synovial fluids, 58 were KOA.METHODS: Synovial fluid samples from individuals with and without KOA were obtained. Using the technology of quasi-elastic laser scattering, nano-particle size and its distribution were estimated, and the dynamic/static light scattering spectrometric analyzer allowed the measurement of particles Zeta potentials. A correlation analysis between the particle size, Zeta potentials and the onset of KOA was attempted.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:① Grade size and distribution of microsome in synovial fluid;② Zeta potentials and distribution of microsome in synovial fluid; ③ grade size and clinical correlation of microsome in synovial fluid.RESULTS: ① The mean nano-particle diameter in the synovial fluid of KOA patients were significantly greater than those of normal joints [(297±84), (63±23) nm, P ＜ 0.001]. The distribution curve of KOA synovial fluid nano-particle size was normal knee and (-15.84 ±3.34) mV of KOA patients, and there was a significant difference (P ＜ 0.001). This suggestedthat the Zeta potentials in the synovial fluid of KOA patients were significantly greater than those of normal joints. ③ The average particle size and Zeta potential of synovial fluid strongly correlated with the integrity of the joint of KOA (rp =0.797 2,0.631 9, P＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: The nano-particle size and Zeta potential of synovial fluid are significantly correlated with the development of KOA, and this can reflect the severity of KOA.

Objective To discuss effect on prevention of postpartum hemorrhage of caesarean section by us- ing calcium gluconate combined with oxytocin and misoprostol.Methods 385 cases of caesarean section were select- ed and randomized into O(Oxytocin) group and OM(Oxytocin+ Misoprostol) group and COM (Calcium gluconate+ Oxytocin+Misoprostol)group.Results The mean operative blood loss in O group and OM group and COM group were (300?50.24)ml,(220?30.83) ml,(150?45.52) ml.The amount of the mean operative blood loss of COM group was significantly lower than those of O group and OM group(P＜0.05).The amount of bleeding of 2 hours after delivery in O group and OM group and COM group were (400?45.52)ml,(260?60.43)mi and(210?50.54) ml.The amount of bleeding of COM group was significantly lower than those of O group and OM group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The prevention by used calcium gluconate combined with oxytocin and misoprostol is efficient in reducing the amount of postpartum hemorrhage of caesarean section.The operation of medicine is easy and safe and economic.

Objective To evaluate the image quality of 64-multi detector computed tomography (MDCT)and the clinical accuracy in detecting coronary artery lesions.Methods One hundred and five patients were studied by MDCT.The results were compared with invasive coronary angiography(ICA). Patients were excluded for atrial fibrillation,but not for high heart rate,coronary calcification,or obesity. MDCT was analyzed with regard to image quality and presence of coronary artery lesions.Results The data evaluation of the image quality was based on a total of 1365 segments(13 coronary segments for each patient),of which 1144 segments were considered to have diagnostic image quality,but 221 segments (16.2%)could not be sufficiently evaluated because of severe calcifications(153 segments)and motion artifacts(68 segments).The median calcium score[Agatston score equivalent(ASE)]was 154(range 0—1983).87 of the 105 patients had an ASE of less than 1,000[median 105(range 0—994)],and 18 patients had an ASE greater than 1000[median 1477(range 1115—1983)].For detecting lesions with 50% or greater narrowing(without any exclusion criteria),the overall sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value were 85.7%,97.9%,93.0%,and 95.5%,respectively. When limiting the number of patients to those with a calcium score of less than 1000 ASE,the threshold- corrected sensitivity for lesions with 50% or greater narrowing was 96.0%;specificity,98.9%;positive predictive value,95.3%;and negative predictive value,99.0%.Conclusion Our results indicate high quantitative and qualitative diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice MSCT in comparison to QCA in a broad spectrum of patients.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of musicotherapy on agitation behaviors in patients with aged dementia (AD).Methods22 AD patients were treated with different musicotherapies, and examined with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) and self made sociality psychological inventory before and after treatment.ResultsAfter musicotherapy, the incidence rate of agitation behaviors of AD patients decreased significantly ( P<0.001). The incidence rates of agitation behaviors among patients with low, middle and high MMSE scores were significantly different ( P<0.001). After musicotherapy, both depressions of patients' cognitive function and scores of agitation behaviors were significant different compared with that before treatment (P<0.01). Effectual rates of musicotherapy on sociality psychological emotion, communication, language and intercourse of this group patients were 86.36%, 90.91%, 72.73% and 77.27%, respectively.ConclusionMusicotherapy can effectively alleviate the symptoms of agitation behaviors in AD patients.