Aim The relative bioavailability of domestic ibudilast sustained release capsules in healthy volunteers was observed.Methods A single oral dose of 20 mg of imported and domestic ibudilast sustained release capsules and 10 mg of ibudilast raw material was separately given to 12 healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover study. Ibudilast concentration in plasma was determined by HPLC method.Results The Cmax were (54.9?9.7),(60.7?9.1) and (62.2?11.5) ?g?L-1; the tmax were (3.8?0.8),(3.9?0.8) and (1.8?0.3) h;the t1/2(ke) were (1.5?1.4),(12.1?1.0) and (3.5?0.5) h,and the AUC(0～t) were (618.1?57.7),(588.1?66.6) and (233.0?46.4) ?g?h?L-1 in imported capsule group, domestic capsule group and raw material group respectively. The relative bioavailability of domestic sustained release capsules of ibudilast is (95.6?11.0)%. Conclusion The results of statistical analysis demonstrate that the imported and domestic sustained capsules have significant character of significantly sustained release and are bioequivalent.

K21. The mean t1/2(?) was (2.7?0.4) h, Vd was about 11.18 L?kg-1.The C-T profile conformed to two compartment open model. The plasma Dau concentration-time curves showed a double-peak phenomenon in all dosages of all dogswhen dauricine was given by intragastric was.The tpeak(1) was (0.8?0.6) ～(1.2?0.5) h,tpeak(2) was (5.2?3.2) ～(6.5?1.9)h,Cmax(2) 0.05) and the AUC was increased in proportion.The drug is eliminated non-linearly when the dosage is above 50 mg?kg-1, the parameters t1/2(el),CL, AUC/X0 shows great difference (P

OBJECTIVETo analyze the constituent proteins in donkey hide, the key ingredient for Ejiao, an important traditional Chinese medicine for the blood-related conditions, in hope to eventually decipher the biochemical mechanism behind Ejiao's prominent medicinal efficacy.

METHODTwo methods were employed to extract proteins in donkey skin. One used TriPure isolation reagent to extract the total proteins in donkey skin. Another used 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to heat the sample at 100 degrees C overnight. And then sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and capillary HPLC were used to analyze the component of proteins.

RESULTThere are not only collagen alpha1 (I) and collagen alpha2 (I), but also serum albumin in donkey skin. The content is over 25% in total proteins with the method of TriPure isolation reagent. The content of donkey serum albumin is up to 20% with the method of 1% SDS heating. And two bands, molecular weight are nearly 200 kDa,were found on 7.5% SDS-PAGE. Extracted these proteins to analyze with capillary HPLC, they were found to be the complex products of collagen and serum albumin of donkey.

CONCLUSIONDonkey serum albumin is a main protein component in the hide, which is a clue to expose is the effect of Ejiao on blood.

Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Collagen Type I ; analysis ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Collagen Type II ; analysis ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Drug Interactions ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Equidae ; Molecular Weight ; Protein Binding ; Serum Albumin ; analysis ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Skin ; chemistry

Objective To explore the open experimental training model using multimedia control system for nursing students to develop their core competencies. Methods Different model designs of multimedia control system were applied in the study group. After the one year training program, a self-designed survey was used to collect the students' evaluation. A comprehensive test was carried out and the scores of it were compared to the traditional training group. Results Test sores of the study group was significantly higher than of the control group's (P<0.01), and the survey results showed that using multimedia control system in the open experimental training program was highly accepted by the nursing students (97.1%). Conclusions Using multimedia control system in the open experimental training program can improve the nursing students' competencies and comprehensive quality.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) gene polymorphism and alcoholic liver disease, and investigate the genetic pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD).

METHODSPCR, restriction endonuclease and electrophoresis were used, to detect the genotypes and alleles frequencies of ALDH gene in patients in the control group, alcohol dependent group and ALD group, and each group contained 20 patients.

RESULTSThe frequencies of ALDH2*1 and ALDH2*2 allele had statistic significance between control group and ALD group (x2=4.80, P<0.05), and no statistic significance between control group and alcohol dependent group. ALDH2*1/*1 was predominant in alcohol dependent group and ALD group, while ALDH2*2/*2 was not detected.

CONCLUSIONSThe gene polymorphism of ALDH is close to ALD. The allele of ALDH2*2 may be a negative risk factor for the developing of ALD

Adult ; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; Alleles ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; genetics ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo analyse the clinical outcome and the prognostic factor of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

METHODSDisease-free survival (DFS), event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and prognostic factors were evaluated by Cox regression with SPSS in 141 childhood AML in our hospital from August 1995 to July 2004. The patients were divided into 2 groups: acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) as group A and AML other than APL as group B.

RESULTSOf the 90 group B patients, 54.4% (49/90) achieved complete remission (CR) after one course chemotherapy , with a total CR rate of 76.7%. The cumulative 5 year DFS and OS rate for group B patients were (28.4 +/- 9.0)% and (35.5 +/- 6.3)%, the 51 group A patients were (94.3 +/- 4.0)% and (81.4 +/- 5.7)%, and for total 141 AML patients were (56.9 +/- 6.3)% and (53.3 +/- 4.8)% respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that higher bone marrow blast cell percentage at diagnosis, CR after more than one course of chemotherapy and less than six courses of consolidation chemotherapy were risk prognostic factors in childhood AML other than APL (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe prognosis of childhood APL is better, while of childhood t(8;21) AML is no better than other FAB subtypes.

Adolescent ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; mortality ; therapy ; Male ; Prognosis ; Regression Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of dense-packing auto hair grafting technique on the restoration of seborrheic alopecia. Methods With local anesthesia, a scalp strip was harvested from the back of the head. Under operating microscope (Various graft was created from the scalp strip, including micro-grafts with 1-2 hairs, mini-grafts with 3-4 hairs and sliver graft with 5-6 hairs. In the alopecia recipient area, micro slots were made with a small triangle-edged needle for the micro-grafts,mini slits were made with mini blade for the mini-grafts and foramen ovale were made with a slot punch. The grafts were then implanted into these holes. Results 32 cases of seborrheice alopecia were treated with the above mentioned technique from March 2007 to July 2009. Postoperative following up for 12-24 month showed that the grafted hairs were growing well with average 90 % survival of the hair. 81 % of the patients obtained satisfactory results with only one stage operation. Six patients needed the second operation to improve the appearance. All of the patients were satisfied with the appearance. Conclusions The dense-packing hair grafting technique with various grafts not only saves time of operation, but also obtains dense grafted hair and well appearance. The results are satisfactory to most patients with only one stage operation.

Objective To evaluate clinical significance of direct antiglobulin testing(DAT)in anemia in patients with severe chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods Red blood cell(RBC)-related parameters detection and DAT were performed among 30 healthy persons,30 CHB patients,and 50 severe CHB patients,clinical factors related to posi-tive DAT were analyzed.Results RBC count,hemoglobin (Hb)concentration,and hematocrit(HCT)level in severe CHB patients were all lower than CHB patients and healthy group(P <0.05),RBC distribution width(RDW)in severe CHB patients were all higher than CHB patients and healthy group(P<0.05);the positive rate of DAT in patients with se-vere CHB,CHB,and healthy group were 62.82%,13.33% and 0 respectively.RBC count,Hb concentration,and HCT level in severe CHB patients with positive DAT were all lower than severe CHB patients with negative DAT (all P <0.05),while RDW was higher than the latter (P=0.001);after RBC was separated through capillary,positive intensity of DAT of aged RBCs was higher than young RBCs in severe CHB patients (P <0.001);among severe CHB patients, DAT-positive and-negative patients differed in gender,age,alanine aminotransferase,total bilirubin,complement C3, C-reactive protein,and complication of diabetes(all P≤0.05).Conclusion Anemia in severe CHB patients may be re-lated to immune hemolysis of aged RBCs induced by antibody adsorption.

Objective To study and discuss what part does methylated Id4 gene participate in malignant lymphoma stage Ⅳ by detecting the extent of how much Id4 gene has been methylated in afflicted children who suffer from malignant lymphoma.Methods Forty-two patients who had diagnosed with malignant lymphoma [Hodgkin's disease (HD),Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL)] were selected as study group.Their chemotherapy stages of pre-treatment,early-treatment,mid-treatment,post-treatment and clinical remissions or relapse throughout the entire treatment had been traced.At each stage the expression of methylated Id4 gene mRNA was detected by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and compared with the control group.The control group consisted of 20 non-neoplastic hematologic disorder affected children as sample donors.Results MS-PCR detection:in pre-treatment stage,there were 27 patients who were found methylated or partially methylated Id4 genes.Methylated ratio was thus at 64.3％ (27 patients out of a total of 42 patients).Those 27 patients were actively traced down along with different stages of treatment (21 NHL patients,6 HD patients).Before NHL there was 55.6％ methylated Id4 gene (15 cases out of 27 NHL patients).During chemotherapy treatment,there was 51.9％ of methylated Id4 gene positive (14 cases out of 27 patients).In post chemotherapy treatment,there was 48.1％ of methylated Id4 gene positive (13 cases out of 27 patients).Totally there were 9 patients showed clinical recovery after chemotherapy.There was 44.4％ of traceable methylated Id4 gene after recovered chemotherapy patients (4 recovered patients still carrying positive reading of methylated Id4 gene out of totally 9 recovered patients).There were 2 patients relapsed,with traceable methylated Id4 gene re-appeared in them afterwards.Throughout different treatment stages,there was no significant correlation in the treatment result and the appearance of methylated Id4 gene in early treatment stages (all P ＞ 0.05).But in latter treatment of chemotherapy,the correlation started to emerge (P ＜ 0.05) ; The overall statistics on NHL and HD share the same statistical pattern on different stages (all P ＞ 0.05).The control group had 20 patients,none of them had methylated Id4 gene.The study group showed noticeable difference in methylated Id4 gene before and after the experiment (P ＜ 0.001).RT-PCR result showed that before chemotherapy treatment,all of those who carried methylated Id4 gene had no expression of mRNA,by comparison to the control1 group which all had expression of mRNA.Conclusions Methylated Id4 gene is closely related in affected children who suffer from malignant lymphoma and its complications.The expression of Id4 gene is depressed when it has been methylated.The state of methylated Id4 gene is changed as patient's condition changed,so the methylated Id4 gene is thus a possible indicator of early diagnostic tool for children lymphoma.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of kaempferol on the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine (NFP) in rats.

METHODSTwenty male SD rats, weighing 220-260 g, were distributed randomly into 4 groups. The animals were fasted, but allowed free access to water for 12 h before the administration of drugs. NFP dissolved in corn oil was administered via gastric intubation to the rats in control group at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Kaempferol was administered orally to the other three groups with dose of 5, 10, 15 mg/kg, respectively, followed by oral administration of NFP 10 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected through tail vein in heparinized plastic microcentrifuge tubes before and after drug administration. The plasma concentration of NFP was monitored with reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Nimodipine was used as the internal standard. Statistical data evaluation was performed with Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variances.

RESULTSThe maximal plasma concentration (C(max)) of the three treated groups were 0.51, 0.70 and 0.81 microg/ml, respectively. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-8)) were 1.81, 2.83 and 3.63 microg/(h.ml(-1)), respectively. The C(max), AUC(0-8) and the mean retention time (MRT(0-8)) of NFP were significantly increased by simultaneous oral treatment with kaempferol (P<0.01). On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the mean peak value time in plasma (T(max)) and the elimination half-life (t1/2(ke)) between the control and the treated groups.

CONCLUSIONThe concomitant oral use of kaempferol with NFP may influence the pharmacokinetic parameters of NFP in rats, which suggests that kaempferol might reduce the first-pass metabolism of NFP.

Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; pharmacokinetics ; Herb-Drug Interactions ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kaempferols ; pharmacology ; Male ; Nifedipine ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley