Arthritis, Juvenile ; classification ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis

Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; metabolism ; Carcinoma in Situ ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology ; virology

Adolescent ; Humans ; Kearns-Sayre Syndrome ; Male

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy

Female ; Fibrosarcoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Melanoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Vascular Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use

Questionnaire survey was conducted among thirty traditional Chinese pharmaceutical companies nationwide. We studied the following factors and how they impose the significance on the culture of big brands, namely, the policies, the access to market, the specialty of the product, the foundation of research, the market, the salesmanship, the resource insurance of product and the security. And these could be referred when the enterprises cultivate the big brands. The findings show that interviewees and different firms hold various opinions on the factors of culture of the big brands. The policies and the access to market always attract the most attention for the enterprises, and whether the product is classified into the catalogue of health insurance or into the basic medicinal directory plays a pivotal role in the development of big brand. The uniqueness of the product can be regarded as a natural advantage, the construction of team of academic experts is more and more emphasized on the development of the product, and the security of the product deserves increasing attention.
Administrative Personnel ; Drug Industry ; economics ; organization & administration ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; economics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development

Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Male

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; Female ; Genes, erbB-1 ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation, Missense ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVEAlong with the elevation of survival rate of very low birth weight infants (VLBWI), the enteral feeding of VLBWI has become one of the most important factors, which influence the length of stay, short and long-term prognosis. This study aimed to explore safe and effective clinical protocols of VLBWI enteral feeding.

METHODAccording to different correlative degree of related factors to VLBWI enteral feeding, different scoring system was formulated for the enteral feeding and monitoring proposal of VLBWI. The safety and efficacy of the score system was evaluated.

RESULTForty-eight VLBWIs in group A was not treated with any score system, gestational age (30.0 ± 2.1) weeks, birth weight (1173 ± 170) g; while 48 VLBWIs in group B were guided with the scoring system, gestational age (30.3 ± 1.7) weeks, birth weight (1133 ± 238) g, there was no significant difference between two groups. The incidence of newborn respiratory distress syndrome of group B was significantly higher than that of group A (P = 0.016). The time of umbilical catheterization of group B was longer than that of group A. There was no significant difference in the incidence of other complications between two groups. The beginning milk volume, milk volume on the third, seventh, fourteenth, twenty-first, twenty-eight day of group B were significantly higher than that of group A [5.6 vs. 3.5 ml/(kg·d), P = 0.008, 12.3 vs. 5.7 ml/(kg·d), P = 0.000, 29.1 vs 8.9 ml/(kg·d), P = 0.000, 62.5 vs. 44.6 ml/(kg·d), P = 0.020, 98.1 vs. 71.5 ml/(kg·d), P = 0.005, 128.0 vs. 102.4 ml/(kg·d), P = 0.011]. The time achieving full enteral feeding of group B was shorter than that of group A (26.7 vs 32.9d, P = 0.007). The incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in group B was lower than that of group A(0/48 vs. 4/48, P = 0.041). There was no significant difference of the total amino acid dosage between two groups. The total dosage of fatty emulsion was less, and the duration of parenteral nutrition was shorter in group B than in group A (50.3 vs. 73.9 g/kg, P = 0.000, 31.5 vs. 37.8 d, P = 0.016). There was no significant difference in length of stay between two groups. VLBWI of group B began to gain weight earlier [5.0 (4.3, 6.0) vs. 5.0 (5.0, 7.0) d, P = 0.028], regained birth weight earlier (9.2 vs. 11.6 d, P = 0.001), and got more weight in the second week (178 vs. 138 g, P = 0.020).

CONCLUSIONVLBWI guided with the scoring system achieved full enteral feeding faster, and shortened the duration of parenteral nutrition without increasing the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis.

Enteral Nutrition ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; epidemiology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant Food ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; growth & development ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; growth & development ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Prospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Weight Gain