Chlorogenic acid displays several important roles in the therapeutic properties of many herbs, such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, antiviral, scavenging free radicals and exciting central nervous system. Only about one-third of chlorogenic acid was absorbed in its prototype, therefore, its gut metabolites play a more important role in the therapeutic properties of chlorogenic acid. It is necessary to consider not only the bioactivities of chlorogenic acid but also its gut metabolites. This review focuses on the potential activities and mechanisms of chlorogenic acid and its gut metabolites on central nervous system diseases.
Animals ; Central Nervous System Diseases ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Chlorogenic Acid ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; Humans ; Intestines ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between pharmacological effects and properties of traditional Chinese medicine by the decision tree algorithm.

METHODBased on of pharmacological effects of traditional Chinese medicine, the decision tree algorithm was applied in the study on the relationship between pharmacological effects and properties of traditional Chinese medicines. A model was established with the decision tree algorithm for the purpose of predicting the properties of traditional Chinese medicine components.

RESULTThe established model was reliable and stable, and could be used to predict the properties of traditional Chinese medicine components.

CONCLUSIONThe prediction for the properties of traditional Chinese medicine components with a decision tree model could reflect the theoretical connotation of the properties of traditional Chinese medicine components to some extent and provide a new method for studying the properties of traditional Chinese medicine components.

Drug Combinations ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Evaluation of the permeability mainly focuses on intestinal absorption in biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS). It is more complicated that the absorption and metabolism under multicomponent environment in biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica (CMMBCS) compared with single component environment, which needs suitable mathematical models to be described. Therefore, with full consideration of existing single component mathematical algorithm combining with the characteristics of intestinal absorption and metabolism, we explored and designed a new mathematical algorithm of intestinal absorption and metabolism of multicomponent drug. Then we put forward a new coefficient, P (influence), the relative change rate of the single component's intestinal absorption and metabolism under multicomponent environment compared with single component environment, which described the influences of intestinal absorption and metabolism of the component under multicomponent environment. Moreover, P (influence) highlights the distinctive characteristics of multicomponent drug's intestinal absorption and metabolism, and lays the foundation for the construction of CMMBCS.
Algorithms ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Models, Theoretical ; Solubility

The difference between three representative components of total salvianolic acids in pharmacodynamic activity were compared by three different pharmacological experiments: HUVECs oxidative damage experiment, 4 items of blood coagulation in vitro experiment in rabbits and experimental myocardial ischemia in rats. And the effects of contribution rate of each component were calculated by multi index comprehensive evaluation method based on CRITIC weights. The contribution rates of salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid and Danshensu were 28.85%, 30.11%, 41.04%. Apparent oil/water partition coefficient of each representative components of total salvianolic acids in n-octyl alcohol-buffer was tested and the total salvianolic acid components were characterized based on a combination of the approach of self-defined weighting coefficient with effects of contribution rate. Apparent oil/water partition coefficient of total salvianolic acids was 0.32, 1.06, 0.89, 0.98, 0.90, 0.13, 0.02, 0.20, 0.56 when in octanol-water/pH 1.2 dilute hydrochloric acid solution/ pH 2.0, 2.5, 5.0, 5.8, 6.8, 7.4, 7.8 phosphate buffer solution. It provides a certain reference for the characterization of components.
Animals ; Benzofurans ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cinnamates ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Depsides ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Lactates ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Male ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solubility

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of electrode impedance, THR/MCL values, and dynamic range (DR) in Combi 40+ cochlear implant after implantation. METHOD: A respective study was carried out collecting 20 consecutively implanted children's electrode impedances, THR/MCL values, and DR at seven time point during the first three years after implantation. Their variation and correlations were analyzed. RESULT: Overall, electrode impedances were lowest during the operation, and significantly rise to the highest at the first stimulation, then followed by a gradual decrease. After three months, electrode impedance of apical and medial cochlear segment were basically stable, while that of the basal segment was gradually increased. Dynamic range (DR) of apical and medial group electrode increased early after the operation and showed a stabilization from the second year, whereas that of basal group have a downward trend since the first year. However, the electric charge of each group increased significantly after three months, and then become stable after first year. Otherwise, a stronger negative rectilinear correlation was found between impedance changes with DR than with THR/MCL level. CONCLUSION The electrode impedances vary clue to different electrode position. Measuring the electrode impedance can effectively evaluate the working status of Combi C40+ cochlear implant. The dynamic range of the electrode was negatively correlated with the impedances, which made it possible to predict the width of the dynamic range by measuring the impedance 3 or 6 months after operation.
Auditory Threshold ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Electric Impedance ; Electrodes ; Female ; Hearing Loss ; physiopathology ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVE: To establish a better method determining three Y-STR loci. METHODS: A multiplex of Y-STRs and amplify simultaneously three Y-STRs loci. RESULTS: Establish successfully a multiplexing system of three Y-STR loci (DYS390, DYS391 and DYS393) followed by a population genetic study of Han population in Chengdu, China. CONCLUSION The diversity of haplotype is 0.8965, the value of discrimination and the chance of exclusion chance is 0.8965 with the standard error 0.0081. This established system is one of the good tools in personnel identification and genetic study.
China ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; DNA/isolation & purification* ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Forensic Medicine ; Gene Frequency ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Silver Staining ; Tandem Repeat Sequences/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To observed the pathological changes of closed diffuse brain injury in the rats died immediately and 15 min to 5 days after the injury. METHODS: H.E. staind and esterification-silver stain were applied to investigate the closed diffuse brain injury. RESULTS: In rats died immediately after the concussive injury, a number of shrunken neurons(type I change), distended neurons(type II change) and wave-like nerve fibers were identified in the brain tissue, especially in brain-stem. At 2 h and 8 h after injury, brain edema and axonal swelling appeared clearly in the cortex and white matter, especially in brain-stem. At post-traumatic 8 h and 24 h, the axonal retraction balls began to appear. The amount of neurons undergoing type I and II changes and constraction balls increased along with the survivor time. After 4 days and 5 days, brain edema alleviated, but the retraction balls and axonal swelling still existed. With Esterifica-tion silver stain, the above changes of neurons and nerve fibers were more obvious. With ABC stain, the distribution of albumin(Al) was extended from the perio-vascular area to diffuse distribution. Al positive staining were more obvious in injuried neurons and nerve fibers. CONCLUSION The distribution of the concussive damage in the brain are coup, contra-coup and centripental.
Albumins ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Brain/pathology* ; Head Injuries, Closed/pathology* ; Immunohistochemistry/methods* ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Silver Staining

OBJECTIVETo detect and compare the transcriptional activities of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) promoter and enhancer and survivin promoter in different human prostate cancer cell lines, and to search for some evidence for the targeting gene therapy of human prostate cancer.

METHODSThe fragments of the PSMA promoter and enhancer and survivin promoter were amplified by PCR and inserted into pGL3-Basic. The recombinant plasmids were transiently transfected into human prostate cancer cell lines and normal Chang liver cells, and, their transcriptional activities in various cells were determined by measuring the expression of luciferase.

RESULTSThe survivin promoter exhibited a higher transcriptional activity than PSMA promoter and enhancer in tumor cell lines, and the S2pro promoter showed the highest activity, reaching one third of that of the CMV promoter.

CONCLUSIONThe survivin promoter is highly activated in prostate cancer cell lines and may serve as a new tool for the transcriptional targeting gene therapy of prostate cancer.

Antigens, Surface ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II ; genetics ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; genetics ; Male ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; therapy ; Transcription Initiation Site ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo study the change of the serum gastrin (GAS) and plasma motilin (MTL) levels as well as the gastric motility in gastric cancer patients after subtotal gastrectomy.

METHODSWe used radioimmunoassay method to detect the levels of serum GAS and plasma MTL in 39 healthy volunteers (control group) and 39 gastric cancer patients before and after gastrectomy (gastric cancer group). Electrogastrography (EGG) was measured at the same time points.

RESULTSThe levels of serum GAS and plasma MTL in gastric cancer group before operation were significantly higher than those in control group (P = 0.000), and the levels of serum GAS and plasma MTL in gastric cancer stage II patients were also significantly higher than those in stage III patients (P <0.05). The levels of serum GAS and plasma MTL in gastric cancer group significantly decreased on the first post-operative day (P = 0.000), but returned to the pre-operative levels on the seventh post-operative day. The incidence of the abnormity of gastric motility in gastric cancer group on the seventh post-operative day was significantly higher than the pre-operation incidence (89.7% vs. 43.6%; chi2 = 18.692, P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe levels of serum GAS and plasma MTL transiently decreased in gastric cancer patients. Subtotal gastrectomy could affect the gastric motility in gastric cancer patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Gastrins ; blood ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motilin ; blood ; Radioimmunoassay ; Stomach Neoplasms ; blood ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome